environmental services evidence review · avon catchment partnership has undertaken an...

Environmental Services Evidence Review

Summary Reportwww.bristolavoncatchment.co.uk

November 2016

Bristol AvonCatchmentPartnership

Contents

About this report 3

About the partnership 4

Environmental Services Evidence Review 5

The methodology 5

Section 1: Catchment overview 6-7

Section 2: Water quality 8-9

Section 3: Water quantity 10-13

Section 4: Habitats and ecology 14-15

Summary 16

Next steps 16

Copyright Information 17

2

We would like to thank the following partnersfor their contributions towards the development of this report:

About this reportThe Bristol Avon Catchment Partnership is dedicated to working collaboratively to improve the water environment and provide wider benefits for people and nature across the catchment.

Previously, it has been acknowledged that there is a lack of understanding and evidence about the key water-based issues and opportunities within the catchment. To help improve our understanding and targeting of resources in the future, the Bristol Avon Catchment Partnership has undertaken an “Environmental Services Evidence Review” and produced a Technical Report to help improve collaborative decision making in the future. The Technical Report will help to inform decision making in the catchment both for technical specialists and local stakeholders.

This Summary Report summarises the mapping process undertaken to produce the Technical Report and provides an overview of the maps that have been created, how they were developed and information on how you can use and access them.

For further information and to download the Technical Report please visit: www.bristolavoncatchment.co.uk. The opportunity maps are also available online by visiting this website.

The maps were first published in 2016 and were created by analysing over 200 data sets; these are the best data available at the time of going to press. Maps are not to be reproduced without prior permission of the Bristol Avon Catchment Partnership.

The information contained in this report (including the maps) is provided for general reference purposes only. The Bristol Avon Catchment Partnership and each of its members (including Wessex Water) do not warrant, nor do they accept any responsibility or liability for, the accuracy or completeness of the content (including the maps) or for any loss or damage which may arise from reliance on information contained in this report (including the maps). No user should act or refrain from acting on the information contained in this report (including the maps) without first verifying it.For more information, please email: [email protected].

3Dave Jones

http://www.wessexwater.co.uk/bristolavon/

About the partnershipOver the last few years, many stakeholders and partners have come together via the Bristol Avon Catchment Partnership to identify and resolve the key water-based issues in the catchment. These issues are explained in more detail in the Catchment Plan and include:

l High levels of phosphates in our watercourses

l Increasing levels of sediment and soil run-off

l Flooding – both tidal and fluvial

l Very low flows in some rivers and streams during warmer periods

l Degraded riverine habitats and wildlife

l Climate change

The Catchment Plan identifies seven strategic goals to address these issues and deliver a healthier environment. Many of the goals can only be achieved by working collaboratively and sharing resources, expertise and knowledge.

“We all have an impact on our catchment and, by working together, we can take the necessary steps to improve the environment and provide benefits to society and the local economy.”

Dr Richard Cresswell, MBE, Chair of the Bristol Avon Catchment Partnership.

4Zoe Hancock

http://www.wessexwater.co.uk/workarea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=15032387875

The Environmental Service Evidence ReviewWater supply, flood defence, navigation, health and recreation are just some of the vital ecosystem services and benefits provided by a healthy and well managed river catchment. However with increasing demands on the natural environment, the challenge of successfully managing the river environment is complex, but hugely rewarding for society, communities and wildlife. The Bristol Avon Catchment Partnership is committed to achieving these goals by working to balance the needs of the different users with the needs of the river itself to ensure a sustainable and thriving catchment for now and into the future.

The Environmental Services Evidence Review was commissioned by the Bristol Avon Catchment Partnership to help partners and stakeholders make more informed decisions about the key challenges facing the catchment. This mapping work also identifies potential opportunity areas where action, such as wetland creation and provision of landowner advice, could be taken. Such actions could help to improve the water environment and enhance multiple ecosystem services.

The methodology

The Environment Service Evidence Review follows the “Participatory Ecosystem Services Visualisation” methodology. This was developed by the Westcountry Rivers Trust, Defra and the Rivers Trust, and has been applied in more than 30 catchments across England to date. The approach enables stakeholders and technical specialists to work together to evaluate all the relevant data and evidence relating to the environment and ecosystem service provision within a catchment.

To fully understand and facilitate work going forward, the partnership visualised the detail and characteristics of the catchment (overview maps), the current status of the issue or environment (stock maps) and identified where action could be taken (opportunity maps).

The maps are designed to provide a strategic overview and help to identify possible opportunities across the catchment rather than at a field or property level. The Technical Report provides the full suite of maps whilst this document provides a snap shot of some of the maps available.

Who was involved?

Throughout this process a wide range of stakeholders have been involved and all of the maps have been reviewed and agreed by a stakeholder task group. The maps have been created to compliment and align with existing mapping work being developed nationally and at a catchment scale including the State of the Environment Assessment by the West of England Nature Partnership. The State of the Environment Assessment maps provide a much finer level of detail and can be used to identify opportunities at a field scale for the West of England area (Bristol, North Somerset, South Gloucestershire and Bath and North East Somerset unitary authority areas).

5Dave Jones

http://www.catchmentbasedapproach.org/images/PDFS/WRT_ESS_Visualisation_Manual_v1-1-smaller.pdf

http://www.wessexwater.co.uk/About-us/Environment/Catchment-partnerships/Bristol-Avon-catchment-partnership/Publications/Bristol-Avon-Catchment-Mapping-Collation/%20

http://www.wessexwater.co.uk/About-us/Environment/Catchment-partnerships/Bristol-Avon-catchment-partnership/Publications/Bristol-Avon-Catchment-Mapping-Collation/%20

http://www.wenp.org.uk/ecosystems/

http://www.wenp.org.uk/ecosystems/

Section 1:Catchment overview

It is important to have a good background understanding of the catchment in terms of its environment, infrastructure and population before any decisions can be made about where improvements may be best implemented. This map provides a basic outline of the key settlements, urban areas, watercourses and woodland in the catchment.

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Hampshire AvonOperational Catchment

KennetOperational Catchment

Upper ThamesOperational Catchment

Frome and CamOperational Catchment

Bristol Avon RuralOperational Catchment

Bristol Avon UrbanOperational Catchment

North Somerset StreamsOperational Catchment

Brue and AxeOperational Catchment

Severn LowerOperational Catchment

Lower Severn ValeOperational Catchment

Bristol Avon RuralOperational Catchment

Severn River and TributariesOperational Catchment

WOTTONUNDEREDGE

THORNBURY

MALMESBURY

ROYALWOOTTONBASSETT

CALNE

CHIPPENHAM

CORSHAM

BATHMELKSHAM

KEYNSHAM

BRISTOL

NAILSEA

PORTISHEAD

CLEVEDON

RADSTOCK

BRADFORDON AVON

TROWBRIDGE

WESTBURY

FROME

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Selected Watercourses

Catchment Partnership Boundary

CaBA Management Catchments (EA)

Operational Catchment Boundaries

Woodland

Urban Area

Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey Map with the permissionof the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery O ffice. Crown copyright reserved. Licence No. 100019539

0 2 4 6 81Miles© Environment Agency copyright and / or database rights 2014. All rights reserved; Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v1.0. (covers NE); © European Union, 1995-2014 (Covers EU); 'Reproduced with the permission of the British Geological Survey ©NERC. All rights Reserved' (BGS);

Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown Copyright and database right 2014; Contains information licensed under the Non-Commercial Government Licence v1.0. (Met Office); © Forestry Commission copyright and / or database rights 2014. All rights reserved. (Forestry Commission); Copyright holder: European Environment Agency (EEA). (CORINE)World Imagery Sources: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, USDA FSA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community.

Principal Catchment Features

For the high resolution map please see page 4 of the Technical Report

Under the European Union Water Framework Directive, rivers are assessed by the Environment Agency for their ecological and chemical status, which are then combined to produce an overall status. The overall status for each of the waterbodies in the Bristol Avon Catchment is displayed in this map and can be used as a starting point for understanding the condition of the rivers.

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WOTTONUNDEREDGE

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DRN (EA)

WFD Overall Status (Cycle 2, January 2015)

Not provided

Good

Moderate

Poor

Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey Map with the permissionof the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office. Crown copyright reserved. Licence No. 100019539



Water Framework Directive – Overall Status (January 2015)


http://ec.europa.eu/environment/water/water-framework/index_en.html

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/water/water-framework/index_en.html

Section 2:Water quality

Good water quality is essential for the provision of drinking water, supporting aquatic life and enabling people to participate in healthy recreational activities throughout the catchment. Therefore, it is vital to protect water quality and priority areas have been identified across the catchment, as shown on the map.

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¡¥ Designated Bathing Waters




SPAs

SACs

Transitional Catchments: WFD Cycle 1

Coastal Catchments: WFD Cycle 1

SSSIs

Source Protection Zone

Drinking Water Protected Area

Bathing Water Zones of Influence

Nitrate Vulnerable Zone




Priority areas for water quality


One of the key water quality issues in the Bristol Avon catchment is the high levels of phosphate found in rivers and streams. Phosphate is a naturally occurring nutrient that is necessary for plant growth. However, an excessive amount of phosphate can cause an over growth of vegetation and algae in a process known as eutrophication, which can harm the river ecosystem. Excessive sediment in rivers can also be an issue as it carries nutrients and pesticides and can smother river habitats upon which fish and invertebrates depend.

Phosphate can come from two different sources of pollution. The first are specific sources, known as ‘point source’ pollution, for example sewage treatment discharges, industrial processes or associated infrastructure. The second is known as ‘diffuse’ pollution which seeps into the environment from no specific point and comes from activities in the wider catchment, such as agriculture, urban area run-off and septic tanks.

Focusing on diffuse pollution, as this is an issue multiple partners can help tackle, this map indicates where on the ground actions, such as planting cover crops and leaving buffer strips, may have the greatest chance of reducing phosphorus and sediment pollutions.

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THORNBURY

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SAGIS Model Unavailable

Detailed River Network

Erosion & Phosphorus Priority ScoreValue

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0 1.5 3 4.5 60.75Miles© Environment Agency copyright and / or database rights 2014. All rights reserved; Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v1.0. (covers NE); © European Union, 1995-2014 (Covers EU); 'Reproduced with the permission of the British Geological Survey ©NERC. All rights Reserved' (BGS);


Diffuse phosphorus and sediment opportunities for enhancement


Section 3:Water quantity

Flooding

The risk of flooding has been a risk since the first settlements and today one in six properties in England and Wales are at risk of flooding from rivers, the sea or surface water. However, with the risk of flooding becoming more frequent due to changes in land use and climate, work is needed to reduce the risk and impact of flooding.

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Flood Risk Schemes

#* Additional funding or benefits required

#* Funding confirmed 2015

#* Funding confirmed 2014

Properties in Flood Zone 2

Area Benefitting from Flood Defences

Flood Zone 2

Properties in Flood Zone 2 DensityValue

High

Low




Properties at risk of flooding / priority flood risk areas


This map shows the areas of greatest opportunity for small-scale surface water flood risk mitigation using land-based methods such as wetland creation, leaky woody dams, ponds and silt traps. Small-scale, localised surface water flood interventions will not stop flooding, however if implemented alongside other defences and precautions, they can help slow water flow through the catchment and reduce the amount of water at peak flow hence reducing flood risk downstream.

These areas were identified by combining areas most likely to flood, areas with high hydrological connectivity and catchments upstream of properties at risk from flooding where these were small. Areas where mitigation is unlikely to be implemented have been omitted e.g. roads, urban areas and high quality farmland and natural habitats.

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WOTTONUNDEREDGE

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KEYNSHAM

BRISTOL

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PORTISHEAD

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Flood Risk ManagementOpportunity Score

ValueHigh

Low

Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey Map with the permiss ionof the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office. Crown copyright reserved. Licence No. 100019539

0 1.5 3 4.5 60.75Miles© Environment Agency copyright and / or database rights 2014. All rights reserved; Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v1.0. (covers NE); © European Union, 1995-2014 (Covers EU); 'Reproduced with the permission of the British Geological Survey ©NERC. All rights Reserved' (BGS);


Opportunity areas for upstream surface water interventions


Low flows

Despite flooding posing a significant risk, too little water in our rivers can also be an issue. Low flow events in rivers occur when the demand for water, such as through public water supply, agricultural irrigation and energy production surpasses the input to rivers from rainfall and groundwater, such as in drier seasons. This map illustrates the demand for water abstraction in the Bristol Avon and water available for abstraction.

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WOTTONUNDEREDGE

THORNBURY

MALMESBURY

ROYALWOOTTONBASSETT

CALNE

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CORSHAM

BATH MELKSHAM

KEYNSHAM

BRISTOL

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Water Abstraction Licences by Volume (EA)Max Annual Allowance (Mega Litres)

[p <10

[p 10 - 100

[p 100 - 1,000

[p 1,000 - 10,000

[p >10,000


Water Resource Availability at Q95

Water available for licensing

Restricted water available for licensing

Water not available for licensing

HMWB (and/or discharge rich catchments)


0 1.5 3 4.5 60.75Miles© Environment Agency copyright and / or database rights 2015. All rights reserved; Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v1.0. (covers NE);

Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown Copyright and database right 2015; Reproduced with the permission of the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology ©NERC. All rights reserved (CEH)World Imagery Sources: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, USDA FSA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community.

Water resource assessment


Wetlands offer a natural solution to both low flow and flooding challenges. By holding onto water for longer and releasing it more slowly, wetlands provide local flood attenuation to help reduce the risk of flooding downstream and also a source of flow support to rivers and streams that suffer low flow during drought periods. Potential areas of opportunity for wetland creation are displayed in this map. These have been identified by combining areas located within an existing floodplain, soils that are seasonally or permanently wet, and zones where water is more likely to run off or accumulate causing waterlogging. Urban areas, roads, historical features and high quality agricultural land and habitats have been excluded.

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Wetland Opportunity ScoreValue

High

Low


0 1.5 3 4.5 60.75Miles

European Soil Data © European Soil Database 2015 - European Soil Data Centre : Panagos P., Van Liedekerke M., Jones A., Montanarella L. (2012) European Soil Data Centre: response to European policy support and public data requirements Land Use Policy, 29 (2): 329-338© Environment Agency copyright and / or database rights 2014. All rights reserved; Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v1.0. (covers NE); © European Union, 1995-2014 (Covers EU); 'Reproduced with the permission of the British Geological Survey ©NERC. All rights Reserved' (BGS); Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown Copyright and database right 2014; Contains information licensed under the Non-Commercial Government Licence v1.0. (Met Office); © Forestry Commission copyright and / or database rights 2014. All rights reserved. (Forestry Commission); Copyright holder: European Environment Agency (EEA). (CORINE)World Imagery Sources: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, USDA FSA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community.

Wetland opportunities


Section 4:Habitats and ecology

Wildlife and natural habitats provide many services that we depend upon, such as, flood defence and recreation; however, they are under increasing pressure from fragmentation and land use intensification. Before seeking to improve or expand habitats, it is important to understand where existing habitats remain. This map shows the England Habitat Network, highlighting areas where clusters of sites might be functioning as ecological networks – areas where species can interact across linked habitats.

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WOTTONUNDEREDGE

THORNBURY

MALMESBURY

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CALNE

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Grasslands

Heathlands

Mires, fens and bogs

Woodlands




England Habitat Network


The next step is to identify opportunities to restore or create habitats that extend and reconnect these ecological networks. By connecting and restoring such sites, natural wildlife populations can be enhanced whilst protecting the most important wildlife sites.

This map shows the locations of the best opportunity areas to implement enhancements by considering existing habitats, areas with the greatest hydrological connectivity and identified Strategic Nature Areas. Areas where habitat creation would be unlikely, such as roads, urban areas, protected sites and high quality agricultural land have been excluded.

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WOTTONUNDEREDGE

THORNBURY

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CALNE

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Detailed River Network

Habitat OpportunityValue

High

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Habitat opportunities for enhancement


SummaryThe Bristol Avon Catchment encompasses a diverse landscape with varied and vital activities throughout; agriculture dominates the upper reaches but as the river flows towards the Severn Estuary the catchment becomes increasingly urbanised. The Bristol Avon Catchment and its water environment are valuable not just for its economic benefits but also for its intrinsic natural value.

Throughout the catchment area, the river plays a vital role in the provision of ecosystem services, upon which we depend, and it is essential to protect and enhance the river environment to ensure it can continue to deliver these services in the face of increasing pressures and demands. This Summary Report and the Technical Report are the first steps in improving our evidence base and understanding the health of the catchment, the factors and pressures on the river systems and the best opportunities to improve it for future generations.

Next stepsThe Bristol Avon Catchment Partnership aims to improve the water environment and provide wider benefits for people and nature at a catchment scale. It is hoped that these maps will be used to inform where future partnership projects can be delivered to improve the water environment.

These maps can also be used as key evidence in the development of strategic plans and to inform the developing Catchment Action Plan that will enable all organisations working within the catchment to align their resources and efforts and to work more effectively.

We hope you will find these maps useful and that they provide background context for local planning and decision making. If you have any questions about any of the information provided in this Summary Report or the Technical Report, please email: [email protected] or for more information visit: www.bristolavoncatchment.co.uk.

16Dave Jones

http://www.wessexwater.co.uk/bristolavon/

Copyright information© Environment Agency copyright and / or database rights 2014. All rights reserved; Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v1.0. (Covers NE); © European Union, 1995-2014 (Covers EU); ‘Reproduced with the permission of the British Geological Survey ©NERC. All rights Reserved’ (BGS);

Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown Copyright and database right 2014; Contains information licensed under the Non-Commercial Government Licence v1.0. (Met Office); © Forestry Commission copyright and / or database rights 2014. All rights reserved. (Forestry Commission); Copyright holder: European Environment Agency (EEA). (CORINE)

World Imagery Sources: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, USDA FSA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community.

© Environment Agency copyright and / or database rights 2015. All rights reserved; Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v1.0. (covers NE);

Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown Copyright and database right 2015; Reproduced with the permission of the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology ©NERC. All rights reserved (CEH)

© Environment Agency copyright and / or database rights 2015. All rights reserved (Covers EA); Reproduced with the permission of ADAS. All rights reserved (ADAS); Contains Soilscapes (WMS Layer) © Cranfield University Cartography by Environment Systems Ltd. Version: April 2014 © Crown copyright and database rights [2014]. All rights reserved.

Licensed by Ordnance Survey under the PSMA Member Licence of Bristol City Council. Contains NSRI soil data used with permission.

Other data provided under Special Licence Co-deliverer with the Environment Agency. Ref SW/0973. All rights reserved. Used with permission.

SCIMAP by Sim Reaney, Durham University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. Based on a work at www.scimap.org.uk

Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0

© Natural England copyright. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2016

With thanks to:Dave Jones, Wessex Water for his mapping support and guidance; The Wessex Water GIS team; Westcountry Rivers Trust; Environment Systems- sediment mapping; CaBA; Water Life Project and the Data & Evidence Task Group including: Michelle Walker (Rivers Trust/CaBA), Nick Paling (WRT), Jeremy Taylor (Environment Agency), Sarah Sanders (Natural England/CSF), Shelly Dewhurst (West of England Nature Partnership), Matthew Pitts (Bristol Water), Mark Smith (Farming & Wildlife Advisory Group South West), Ian Mock (Bristol Avon Rivers Trust), Cleo Newcombe-Jones (Bath & North East Somerset Council), Fiona Elphick (Wiltshire Council), Lucy Rogers (Avon Wildlife Trust), Paula Spiers (Avon Frome Partnership), Zoe Hancock (Bristol Avon Catchment Partnership) and the many more individuals who have contributed to this stakeholder process.

5Dave Jones

http://www.scimap.org.uk/

environmental services evidence review · avon catchment partnership has undertaken an...

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