ENVIRONMENTAL

STEWARDSHIP

ASSESSMENT

FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH

Newton, Massachusetts

May, 2011

197 Herrick Road, Suite 22 • Newton Centre, MA 02459 • 617-244-0755 • www.MIPandL.org EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE James D. Nail President Vincent Maraventano Executive Director Susan Almonó James H. Blackwell Rev. Jeffrey Barz-Snell Frances Ludwig Thomas E. Nutt-Powell Lyle E. Pirnie Jeffrey Steinfeld ADVISORY BOARD Rev. Dr. James Antal UCC, Mass. Conference Richard Baxter Charles River Associates Rt. Rev. Roy F. Cederholm Episcopal Diocese of Massachusetts Robert Garrity Mass. Climate Action Network Ross Gelbspan, author Rev. Michael Harvey Conf. of Baptist Ministers Darcy Immerman AECOM Technology Rev. Jack Johnson Mass. Council of Churches Peter Kane Evergreen Solar Alexander L. Kern Cooperative Metrop. Ministries Kevin Knobloch Union of Concerned Scientists Amory Lovins Rocky Mountain Institute Robert Massie Mass Coalition for Clean Energy David Murphy, P.E. Tighe and Bond Rev. Dr. Anthony G. Pappas American Baptist Churches of MA Geeta Pradhan The Boston Foundation Byron Rushing Mass House of Representatives Sergio Siani, P.E. Norian/Siani Engineering Alan Teperow Synagogue Council of Massachusetts Richard Trethewey This Old House/RST, Inc. Rev. Dr. Peter Weaver Bishop, United Methodist N.E. Conf.

May 12, 2011 First Baptist Church 848 Beacon St. Newton Centre, MA 02459

Dear Congregants: As the winner of MIP&L’s 2010 NOAH challenge, First Baptist Church – Newton (FBC) received a free Environmental Stewardship Assessment. We are pleased to transmit it to you. We encourage you to

Implement its recommendations at your House-Of-Worship Make it available to your congregants so that they can learn

from it in their owns lives and apply at they homes Promote similar efforts by others in the community of faith.

Remember, If We Don’t, Who Will? Doing so puts you on your way to better stewardship of the earth and savings on your operating costs through reducing your carbon footprint. The next step in your journey is the most exciting one. With this report you have a full array of options to follow. You have our prayers in support, and, as needed, our presence as well. Please review the report carefully. This report contain a range of recommendations for your congregation to reduce its energy consumption, lower your operating costs and reduce the pollution from your buildings. Some of the recommendations are simple and inexpensive; others require a bigger initial expenditure. Each yields an important benefit, and serves as an example to one and all. It might seem daunting to think about moving forward with these recommendations. However, neither your congregation nor the earth is in better shape until actual changes are made to your facilities and to your usage patterns, and unit your congregants and your takes similar actions. Again, thank you for your stewardship and your membership in MIP&L. Together, we will put faith in action for creation! In faith, Jim Blackwell Jim Blackwell, for MIP&L

FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH NEWTON, MASS.

ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP ASSESSMENT

CONTENTS pag UTILITY USE & COST HEATING and DOMESTIC HOT WATER Main Church, Chapel, Fogg Building, Grafton House Generation Equipment 2 In-Space Equipment 3 Thermal Envelope Observations Recommendations 3 WATER Observations Recommendations Recommendations ELECTRICITY Electricity Lighting Equipment Cooling Observations Recommendations Recommendations COSTS EVERYDAY ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP PHOTOS Appendix A — Space Use, Heating Zones Appendix B— Utility Use & Cost details Appendix C — Green-E Appendix D— Bulk Purchase for Oil, Gas and Electricity Appendix E— Maintenance Contract Appendix F — Everyday Environmental Stewardship Briefs and related information Appendix G — Case Studies

As the winner of MIP&L’s 2010 NOAH challenge, First Baptist Church – Newton (FBC) received a free Environmental Stewardship Assessment. This is a summary of observations and recommendations from site visits to FBC on April 22 and May 5 by Jim Blackwell and Tom Nutt-Powell for MIP&L. The report is organized with a narrative first describing observation and recommendations. FBC members, Ted Wade and Steve Loar, provided more detailed information to us about FBC facilities than we have ever received from any House of Worship. We are indebted to them for their efforts, which greatly benefited our study.If some of this narrative seems familiar, I admit to unabashed plagiarism and extend many thanks to Ted and Steve. Photos of observed conditions follow the text. Detailed utility use and cost information as made available by FBC follows the photos. Information on space use is also provided. It is important to make use of gas and electric company financial incentives when making energy upgrades. Case studies of interest to your congregation are found in Appendix F. It helps to know what others with similar circumstances have done. UTILITY USE & COST The summary of Utility Use and Cost information for The FBC is below. It is important to track this information. Use reflects behavior; behavior is volitional. Cost is the consequence of behavior. Cost for utility use is financial, but also and importantly environmental, including in particular health impacts. The volume and cost of utility use is fertile grounds for improved environmental stewardship. Use for heating should vary in direct relation to heating Degree Days. The % change by the congregation at the end of the year should be about the same as Degree Days. If the use % is higher, it indicates increasing inefficiency by the congregation. Monthly tracking and comparison with the same month in prior years (adjusting for Degree Days) is a good indicator.

Using the MIP&L Utility Use & Cost spreadsheet for all utilities is an effective way to know the impacts and cost (in $s and pollution) of one’s behavior, as a congregation or an individual. These data can be used to enter at EPA’s Portfolio Manager. Use of this no-cost tool provides a comparison of the House of Worship to others. http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=evaluate_performance.bus_portfoliomanager

HEATING and DOMESTIC HOT WATER Main Church Sanctuary and Chapel - 1888 Generation Equipment Observations

Main Church – A series of five 300,000 BTU input gas-fired atmospheric hydronic boilers (about 80% efficient) installed in 1994 provide heat to this building. (Photo #3) These boilers, manufactured by Hydrotherm, are located in the Chapel basement, well maintained, and reported to be in good condition. This system is primarily on call on Sundays and for a few other special occasions. Chapel and the Fogg building – Heat for these buildings is supplied by a Weil-McLain oil-fired steam boiler with a Carlin burner. (Photo #4) This boiler is at least 50 years old. It is located in the Chapel basement. Although the service tag indicates this boiler is operating at 80 % efficiency, steam heat is inherently inefficient, generating 212° heat when called regardless of outside temperature and weather conditions. The Chapel building is on one zone calling for heat typically only on Sundays. The Fogg building classrooms are heated five days a week from early morning to evening. Several spaces in this building used by the church are heated on Sunday. Steam is piped under the parking lot to where it enters the Fogg building under the stairwell from the parking lot. Thus there is also line-loss in getting steam to the Fogg building. Recommendations Main Church, Chapel and Fogg buildings - No near-term changes are recommended for the Hydrotherm boilers supplying heat to the Main church. However, the Weil-McLain boiler supplying steam to the Chapel and Fogg buildings is well beyond its useful life. Although there is regular maintenance, this boiler could fail at any time. If it were to fail, the Fogg building use would have to shut down. This should be anticipated now and planned for. At replacement, we recommend abandoning the inefficient oil/steam system, removing the boiler, and adding high efficiency condensing mode gas-fired hydronic boilers integrated into the Hydrotherm system already in place for the church. This configuration will provide more economical gas-fired hot water heat to the entire facility - especially to the Fogg building that consumes the most energy. This new generation system would be complemented by a new distribution and in-space delivery system, as discussed below.

In-Space Equipment Observations (See Heating Zone Chart, zoning plans, and Space use plan in the Appendix) Main Church - Hot water is distributed to about 30 to 40 in-cabinet fan units in the two levels of the main church building. Warmed air is circulated from fan cabinets located around the perimeter of the sanctuary and chancel (Photo #5) or through floor registers in the side and center aisles (Photos #6-7). Return air registers are located at intervals under the pews.

A control unit fires boilers as needed based on required temperature of circulating water. There is an exterior temperature sensor. There are about 15 thermostats controlling heat throughout the church building, 7 of which are located in the sanctuary and chancel space (Photo #8). The rest are scattered throughout spaces in the lower level. Each thermostat controls a specific set of the fan units. When a thermostat calls for heat, the fan unit(s) is turned on and a signal is directed to the control unit that operates the boilers and the circulating pump. There are two zones for this heating system – one for the sanctuary and the other for the lower level. Each of these zones has a basic “set back” thermostat operation run by a time clock (called “day” and “night” stat,) which are settings for “occupied” or “unoccupied”. Each zone also has a timed override, up to 6 hours, which can be used to override the program if required. Cooling in the main church is by stone wall heat/cool absorption/radiation lag and venting by windows and doors. Chapel - Steam radiators distribute heat to the Chapel space, the two rooms at each end, and the kitchen. (Photos #9-10) The Winslow room overheats so its doors must be left open so heat can get to the main room. The Fellowship hall receives some heat from covered condensate return lines at the floor level. The single thermostat located in the Chapel space controls heat for all rooms on the main floor and the kitchen on the lower level. (Photo #11) It is a traditional early digital set back thermostat with 4 programmable changes per day and all seven days adjustable. This program is adjusted each Sunday based on the published schedule of events for the week. The building is set to 50 degrees when unoccupied and brought up to 66 when occupied. Fogg building - The Fogg building was designed with 4 zones. Initially thermostat locations were fitted with a day and night thermostat. A time clock for each zone was located in the electrical room to switch the zone between occupied and unoccupied. (Photo #12) Currently only one of the zone clocks is in active use. The three other zones were converted to 5-1-1 digital thermostats in about 2005. The first floor classrooms on the south side of the Fogg building and its stairwell are not on a zone. The 3 classrooms on the first floor south side receive steam whenever one of the other zones on the boiler calls for heat. Each of the classrooms has a fan box heater. Each fan box has non-electric thermostatic steam valve that can be used to control how much heat is delivered to the fan unit. (Photo #13) When the temperature at a thermocouple in the unit reaches a set point, then the blower is activated and delivers heat to the room. This system can be problematic, due to user confusion and failure to deliver heat when no zone is calling for heat. One classroom on the first floor south side was re-partitioned and heat is provided to one of the offices by an electric wall heater with an integrated thermostatic switch. The main zone control valves are worn (Photo #14). There is some steam leakage into zones not calling for heat when the boiler fires. Lowering steam pressure has reduced this leakage. The Everts room rarely falls below 65. Recommendations Main Church –

It is difficult to program the thermostats in the sanctuary and chancel to effectively control heat distribution because these are large spaces essentially heated with circulated hot air. The thermostats for the sanctuary are located along the walls toward the rear of the main pew area. There is one thermostat in the chancel. For much better control of heat and greater efficiency, we suggest abandoning the fan distribution system and installing in-floor radiant heat under the sanctuary floor. This can be beneficial because heat will be uniform throughout the space, delivered where the people are. The heat “pools” slowly, staying at the base of the space rather than going upwards to the ceiling. In-floor radiant should be zoned within the worship space, so that for small services, the worshippers can be clustered at the heated area, which is beneficial in both energy efficiency and community formation. In-floor radiant heat also requires lower temperature for the heated water, a further advantage. Not having the multiple fan units will also reduce electricity consumption.

Chapel and Fogg buildings – Near-term actions: Repair steam valves to prevent steam leakage into zones not calling for heat. Heating the Chapel space poses problems similar to the Sanctuary particularly since there is only one thermostat to control heating on two levels. The problem is somewhat mitigated because the Fellowship Hall is next to the boiler room. It may help to switch the large radiator in the Winslow room with the small radiator in the main room to more evenly heat the space. Eventual solution: Convert the steam system to hydronic. Replace all distribution piping and in-space radiation. Maximize the number of zones, related to use patterns. At a minimum have separate zones for each side of the building, and each floor. When the entire facility is put on a hydronic heating system, install an electronic management system (EMS). This would be a good option for FBC which has multiple spaces, used at varying times. The ability to use the EMS remotely is a very significant benefit in this setting. See MIP&L’s Everyday Environmental Stewardship brief on thermostats and the case study of St. Andrew’s in Wellesley.

Domestic Hot Water Observations An 80 Gal State gas DHW tank located in the kitchen off the Fellowship Hall supplies hot water to the kitchen and public bathrooms (Photo #15). Several classrooms in the school have small under-sink hot water tanks (Photo #16). Generation efficiency for DHW tanks is 65%±. Use efficiency for a DHW tank is even less, given how few hours the building is occupied in whole or in part, and the fact that the tank heats 24/7. Recommendations Replace the DHW tank with an on-demand DHW system, rated at 92%±, and sized to meet the needs of the church occupants. This tank can be placed over the sink in the kitchen, especially given a supply of gas in the kitchen. This shortens distance from DHW generation to use. An on-demand DHW system eliminates the need to have 5-year warranty DHW tanks replaced at least 4 times in the likely life span of the on-demand system. The upgrade in DHW generation should save at least 30% in fuel use over the current equipment. See MIP&L’s Everyday Environmental Stewardship brief on DHW.

Thermal Envelope

Observations The Main Church and Chapel were constructed with a Granite and brown stone structural exterior approximately 1 to 2 feet thick. Slate roofs are supported by a wood truss structure. Slate roofs are over felt and attached to tongue-and-grove 1.5 to 2” thick boards. The underside of roof boards is the finished interior ceiling. Interior walls are an assembly of 2” x 4” rough lumber frameworks to which lath and plaster was affixed. No insulation was placed in the spaces of the interior framework. The majority of church basement is exposed stone. The basement floor is 2’ to 6’ below grade. Most above grade windows are stained glass with protective Plexiglas covering (Photo #17). Some but not all of these coverings are vented to prevent heat buildup that can be damaging to stained glass. Several panels of Plexiglas have yellowed over time (Photo #18).

The Fogg Building was constructed in 1964. It has a common wall with the Chapel. The other three walls are concrete block with a brick veneer. Operable single glazed metal frame windows provide natural lighting and ventilation to all interior spaces. (Photos #21-22) These windows cover the length of exterior walls in first and second floor rooms resulting in significant heat loss and gain (Photo #20). The roof is flat rubber. Insulation was placed on the roof deck at the last re-roofing about 10 years ago. The Fogg building was designed to have classroom, office, and parlor space. About half the space in the building is currently leased to the Meeting House Daycare and The Children’s Cooperative Preschool. Church and minister offices are also located in this building. These are occupied various times during the day through the week. The parlor and youth rooms on the lower level are used primarily on Sundays. Recommendations

Install interior “storm” windows in the Fogg building to upgrade thermal performance. Such treatment will be especially beneficial because this building has such a large percentage of glazed surfaces. These can be year-round at all non-operable glazing. It should be possible to install this form of thermal protection on the operable “vent” windows as well. Similar window treatment could be designed for the rectangular stained glass windows in the sanctuary and chancel (Photo #19). Interior “storm” windows serve to make the single-pane windows similar to “thermopane” glazing, reducing heat loss in winter and heat gain in summer. See MIP&L’s Everyday Environmental Stewardship brief on interior “storm” windows.

WATER Observations Water is used in the steam and hot water heating systems as well as public washrooms, kitchen, and classroom sinks. No sinks have low-flow faucet aerators. Aerators at 1.5 gpm and under are considered low-flow, with lower volume better. It is not possible to make aerator change on several older sinks with the current faucet system. The toilets are at 1.6 gpf. Many have pressure pump mechanisms that do conserve water usage. (Photo #25) None have dual-flush mechanisms. There is a Hobart commercial dishwasher in the kitchen that gets use two or three times a month. (Photo #28)

Recommendations Where possible change aerators over 1.5 gpm to 0.5 gpm. Where possible add dual-flush converters to all toilets, providing 0.8 gpf and 1.6

gpf. Replace the Hobart with an energy efficient domestic dishwasher. Check all heating distribution systems for water and steam leakage. Aside from reducing leaks from heating distribution, none of these recommendations is very expensive. For example, aerators cost less than $4 each and dual-flush toilet converter kits less than $18, each with very easy installation. Each involves an environmental stewardship practice readily followed at work, homes, schools, day care centers and so on.

ELECTRICITY

Observations Electricity is costly, and is a significant cause of environmental pollution. Lighting, office and kitchen equipment, and air conditioning (if used) are key uses of electricity where upgrades in equipment and use practices typically are possible. Electricity Electrical service is modern 400 amp with grounded romex wiring although it was reported that some older wiring exists. Lighting FBC has been diligent in upgrading lighting replacing incandescent lights with CFL bulbs where possible and changing fluorescent lighting T-8. The benefits of efficient lighting are well known. Contemporary efficient light bulbs use considerably less electricity, as much as 90% less. Most are dimmable, further reducing use. The newer efficient LED bulbs also are long lasting, some as much as 50,000 hours. The benefit of long-lasting bulbs is significant reduction in time and cost of replacement. This is especially important in worship and large meeting spaces, which have high, ceilings and consequently essentially inaccessible lighting fixtures. (Photo #27) Equipment Office: Typical office equipment Kitchen: 1 refrigerator provides refrigeration for kitchen food supplies. As opportunity arises, switch older equipment to contemporary, high-efficiency refrigerator or freezer models. The savings typically pay for the equipment in a short period (2>4 years) over the costs of operating the old equipment. Burner pilot lights on the gas stove in the kitchen have been extinguished to conserve energy. (Photo #28)

Recommendations Continue efforts to insure that all fixtures use energy efficient bulbs. Upgrade all office equipment, space air conditioners and kitchen equipment to meet

highest EnergyStar standards. Do not accept “gifts” of old refrigerators or freezers, which are energy hogs. MIP&L’s Everyday Environmental Stewardship brief on appliances.

Commit to 100% Green Electricity, this and all years. Appendix C provides information on cost for one such option.

Implementation of the recommendations involving lighting (bulbs and fixtures) and equipment can be financially assisted by the electric utility. Grafton House – 1880’s Currently Grafton House is leased to the Newton Wellesley Weston commission, a non-profit, which uses the building for office space. It is generally occupied during the week during normal business hours. Then occasionally there are evening meetings or someone works on the weekend day. The building is used the entire year. Observations

Generation Equipment A Burnham V-36 oil-fired boiler (247 mbh), located in the basement, provides hot water heat. Window a/c units provide cooling.

Domestic Hot Water There is one 30 gal domestic hot water tank in the basement. In-Space Equipment There are two heating zones. One zone controls 1st floor and half of the 2nd floor. The other controls half of the 2nd floor and the finished attic. Two digital thermostats control heat - one on the first floor and the other on the second floor. Heat delivery is via the original steam pipes through cast iron radiators. Thermal Envelope Grafton is of wood frame construction with clapboard walls and an asphalt shingle roof that was replaced in 2000. It has two floors, a finished attic (though total usable space is less than floors below) and a basement. The original double hung single-pane windows are good quality and in good condition. There are also storm/screen windows. It is reported that the building has blown cellulose insulation. Most of the basement is unfinished, but has been partitioned. The building was originally built as a Philly-style 2-family. One unit had entrance to Ripley Terrace and used 1st floor and ½ second floor. The second unit had entrance to Center Street and used ½ second floor and all of attic/3rd floor.

Electricity Lighting is mostly by 4 foot florescent tube fixtures on the ceilings. There are various types of office equipment and other electricity-using furnishings in the various offices.

Recommendations Generation Equipment Change from oil to gas-fired hydronic generation, using a direct-vent condensing mode high efficiency (92±%) boiler. Use contemporary digital controls. This will serve to reduce both cost and environmental impact. Obtain gas company rebates for both generation and distribution, plus any thermal upgrades. In-Space Equipment Install new distribution piping to new radiators, both designed for hydronic heating. Maximize zones, with a fractional horsepower pump for each zone. This will significantly improve heating and occupant comfort, plus reduce operating cost and environmental impact. Given the age of the existing pipes, this work will likely be needed quite apart from the cost and environmental benefits. Thus this will not be an “additional” cost, but a basic cost. Thermal Envelope This building probably a good candidate for the standard “residential” audit for both gas and electric use purposes.

COSTS We have not attempted to provide estimates for any of our recommendations. These should come from engineering studies and relevant contractors. We would be happy to assist FBC with these planning tasks. In considering costs (especially for capital actions), recognize that “return” on such investments for the community-of-faith is measured by the standards different from normal concepts of return on investment. The decisions being made speak to the care we are called to give to the earth, as stewards of God’s creation. The age of the buildings—dating to 1888 —conveys the appropriate time horizon. Phasing of work Financial circumstances are such that not all recommendations can be implemented immediately so phasing should be highest to lowest use. FBC should continue its efforts to make “Low hanging fruit” improvements (easy to do, low-cost, good yield) such as lighting changes. Improving temperature controls and reducing steams leaks should be pursued. Some of the recommendations in this report, particularly changes from oil to gas heating systems, may require funding that is not available from church resources. Every effort should be made to identify low-interest loans and rebates for these improvements. Savings in energy costs can be significant and more than pay for financing costs. Repair needs for building exteriors also must not be ignored. Such work is also expensive but can lead to bigger problems if not addressed. Supply Bulk purchase of gas and electricity is available to Churches (and other non-profits) via PowerOptions. This reduces the cost of these utilities. Go to www.PowerOptions.org. Bulk purchase of oil at lower cost (and please buy the bio-fuel for better environmental stewardship) is available via MassEnergy. www.MassEnergy.com. Information on each is available at Appendix D.

Maintenance Having a good equipment maintenance contract with a prepared and knowledgeable service company is a good practical action. See MIP&L’s Everyday Environmental Stewardship brief on maintenance contracts is on line, and at Appendix E. Not having a maintenance contractor is like not having a doctor. EVERYDAY ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP Briefs on Everyday Environmental Stewardship are available at MIP&L’s web site

www.MIPandL.org The list of those included in this report are presented in Appendix F. These are practical guides to “technical” actions that make it easier for you and your congregants to do the right thing. Please get this information out! What works at your House-Of-Worship can and should be multiplied many, many, many times over as your congregants and your community see and hear of the results at your House-Of-Worship. In implementing the recommendations of this assessment, be sure that your congregants (a) know what is happening, (b) why it is a consistent with putting one’s faith into practice, and (c) that they can and should do the same at home, where they work, go to school, play and so on. A good practice is to label new equipment (light switches and bulbs), sink aerators, toilets, on-demand DHW, refrigerators and so on) so that building users can identify the changes and the benefits. Publicize (including pictures and tours) the big, more hidden changes, such as new heating or cooling systems. Incorporate education on environmental stewardship into the religious education curriculum for children of all ages, and for all adults.

What works for a House-Of-Worship works for Everybody, Everywhere

This Environmental Stewardship Assessment is based upon information provided by the congregation, observations of the visible and apparent conditions of the property and the components evaluated on the date of assessment. Care has been taken in the performance of this assessment. This report is made only in the best exercise of our ability and judgment. However, Massachusetts Interfaith Power & Light (and or its representatives) makes no representations regarding latent or concealed defects that may exist, and no warranty or guarantee is expressed or implied. Conclusions in this report are based on systems attributes, estimates of the age and normal working life of various items of equipment and appliances. Predictions of life expectancy and the balance of useful life are necessarily based on industry and/or statistical comparisons and observed conditions. It is essential to understand that actual and future conditions can alter the useful life of any item. The previous use/misuse, irregularity of servicing, faulty manufacture, unfavorable conditions, acts of God and unforeseen circumstances make it impossible to state precisely when each item will require replacement and/or what the actual savings in use and cost will be. The Member herein should be aware that certain components with the above referenced property may function consistent with their purpose at the time of the assessment, but due to their nature are subject to deterioration without notice. Unless otherwise noted, all building components are assumed to have met the building code requirements in force at the time of construction. Conclusions reached in this report assume responsible ownership and competent management of the property. Information provided to us by others is believed to be reliable. However we assume no responsibility for the accuracy of such information.

MASSACHUSETTS INTERFAITH POWER & LIGHT 197 Herrick Road #22 • Newton Center, MA 02459 • 617-244-0755

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#1 — First Baptist Church and Chapel was

designed by John L. Faxon and constructed in 1888

#2 – The Fogg building was added in 1964

to provide space for education programs and church functions.

#3 — Five input gas-fired atmospheric

hydronic boilers installed in 1994 provide heat to this building.

#4 — A 50+ year old Weil-McLain boiler

supplies steam heat to the Chapel and Fogg buildings

#5 — Typical in-cabinet fan unit for heat

distribution in sanctuary

#6 – Center aisle floor register operated by

thermostat at rear of sanctuary

#7— Floor registers along side aisle

#8 — One of seven thermostats in the

sanctuary and chance

#9 — Small radiator in Chapel could be

swapped with larger one in Winslow room

#10 — Larger radiator in the Winslow

room

#11 — This thermostat in the Chapel space

controls heat for all spaces on the main floor and the kitchen on the lower level.

#12 — Only one of the 4 time clocks Fogg zones is working. The three other zones were converted to 5-1-1 digital thermostats in about 2005.

#13 — Non-electric thermostatic steam valve

to control heat delivered to the fan units in classrooms

#14 — Fogg zone valves are worn resulting

some steam leakage

#15 — Replace the DHW tank with an on-demand system, rated at 92%±, and sized to meet the needs of the church occupants.

#16 — Classrooms in the school have

small under-sink hot water tanks.

#17 — Close-up of stone façade and stained glass windows in sanctuary

#18 — Plexiglas panels have yellowed

over time.

#19— Interior “storms” could help

insulate rectangular sanctuary windows.

#20 — Fogg windows cover the length of exterior walls resulting in significant heat

loss and gain.

#21 — Interior “storms” for these single glazed metal frame windows can reduce heat costs by as much as 20% or more

#22 — Detail of window vents. Interior storms could easily be fabricated for the fixed panel

and possibly for the vent panel.

#23 — Water penetration in facade

#24 — Example of older porcelain sink

that cannot be fitted with low flow aerator. Install aerators where possible

#25 — Many toilets have water saving

pressure flush mechanisms

#26 – Hobart dishwasher with a gas-fired water heating element is hardly used and

could replaced with an energy star domestic dishwasher

#27 — Great example of FBC efforts to covert to efficient lighting, especially in

hard to reach locations

#28 - Burner pilot lights on the gas stove in the kitchen have been extinguished to

conserve energy.

Remember also that the observations for this house of worship apply as well to the houses in which we live, work, learn and

play. Be active in caring for them all.

If We Don’t, Who Will?

Appendix A — Space Use, Heating Zones

Appendix B — Utility Use & Cost

Appendix C — Green-E

Appendix D — Bulk Purchase

MassEnergy Oil/Bio-Fuel Purchase

PowerOptions Gas & Electricity Purchase

Appendix E — Maintenance Contract

Maintenance Contract Template

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CONTRACTMEP Systems Maintenance

1 — PARTIES

Client (" ")Contact Person Title

AddressCity/State/Zip

Phone FaxEmail

Provider (" ")Contact Person Title

AddressCity/State/Zip

Phone FaxEmail

2 — SERVICES TO BE PROVIDED

The provider is responsible for maintenance and service for the equipment identified in Exhibit A-1. Exhibit A-2 identifies equipment for which maintenance and service will not be provided. The services shall include routine, periodic and milestone maintenance and servicing to insure the safe, continuous and efficient operation of the equipment. In general the meaning of routine, periodic and milestone maintenance and servicing shall be as specified and/or recommended bythe manufacturer of the equipment or system. Failing such guidelines, recommendations and standards of applicable industry organizations shall apply.

3 — TERMS FOR SERVICES TO BE PROVIDED

Exhibit B sets for the specific services to be provided for the equipment included in this contract.The services will be provided during normal working hours. Exhibit B also sets forth the cost for servicesPayment for services shall be within thirty (30) days of receipt of invoice.

Taxes: Client is exempt from sales tax on products permanently incorporated into its facilities.Provider will be provided a documentation of sales-tax exemption from the client, and will placethe number on invoices for services rendered. At the completion of the annual cycle of maintenance, Provider shall file with Client a statement that all purchases made under the exemption were entitledto be exempt. Provider shall pay legally assessed penalties for any improper use of the Client'stax exemption number.Insurances: Provider shall purchase and maintain insurance providing the coverages and limits designated in this Section. Insurance shall be provided by insurers licensed to transact business in the Commonwealth. Provider shall not start to perform and furnish services, in whole or in part, or continue to perform and furnish any part of the services, unless Provider has in full force and effect all the required policies of insurance. Provider must provide the following coverage:

Maintenance Contract Template

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(a) General liability insurance with a combined single limit of not less than $1,000,000 for injury to or death of any one person, for injury to or death of any number of persons in one occurrence, and for damage to property, insuring against any and all liability of the Client and the Provider including, without limitation, coverage for contractual liability and broad form property damage; (b) Workers Compensation and Employers Liability Insurance providing statutory benefits to all employees; (c) Owned, Non-Owned and Hired Automobile Liability with a limit of not less than $1,000,000 combined single limit; (d) Excess Liability Insurance shall provide the following protections: employer's liability, general liability and automobile liability. Excess Liability Insurance shall be at least as broad as the underlying policies of liability insurance.Client shall be named as an additional insured under Sections (a), (c), and (d). Client shall be provided a Certificate of Insurance, which shall also provide a 30-day notice of cancellation.

Hold Harmless: Provider shall indemnify, defend and hold harmless Client from any and all liability of whatever kind and character for loss, actual or claimed, to persons or property arising by virtue of the activities of Provider, its agents, servants, employees or clients. Provider shall properly notify Client of any claim involving the services or the Client.

Duration: The contract shall commence on and shall remain inforce for twelve (12) months, subject to extensions and renewals. The contract shall automatically terminate if no extension is formally agreed to within thirty (30) days of the end date of the current contract.Termination other than at end of contract requires a thirty (30) day notice, to be provided in writing addressed to the signators of the contract. The notice of termination is to be delivered by United States Postal Service using certified mail, return receipt requested.

SIGNATORS

For Client For Provider

Signature Signature

Title Title

Date Date

Maintenance Contract Template

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EXHIBIT A-1Equipment Covered

# Location Component Manufacturer Size Model Serial # Date

Maintenance Contract Template

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EXHIBIT A-2Equipment Not Covered

# Location Component Manufacturer Size Model Serial # Date

Maintenance Contract Template

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EXHIBIT BServices to be Provided, with Costs

When? Component Service Cost

NOTES1 Cost for all services described above includes labor and materials. 2 Hourly rate for additional services is $0.00 Regular $0.00 Emergency

Materials for additional services will be charged at cost plus 0.00%3 Client to be provided with report of work for each service call, whether in contract or additional4 Report for Fall and Spring scheduled service is to include recommendations on future work, timing and cost

Appendix F — Everyday Environmental Stewardship Briefs

and related information

The following EES Briefs are recommended. They can be downloaded from the MIP&L web site.

EES Briefs on other topics are also available, many for home use.

PLEASE DISTRIBUTE WIDELY

http://www.mipandl.org/ees.html

Six Simple Steps 24 Questions

Boilers and Furnaces

On-Demand DHW Heaters Green Electricity

Programmable Thermostats Recycling

Appliances Utility Use & Cost

Interior Storm Windows

Everyday Environmental Stewardship

Boilers and Furnaces

Andrew Siliski and Tom Nutt-Powell

Key issue:

Inefficient heat generation

Stewardship Opportunity

High-efficiency equipment

Timely maintenance and, when needed, replacement of heat generating equipment is important to achieving best-possible efficiency and preventing sudden breakdowns. A standard 15 year-old boiler or furnace can have an efficiency rating well below 70%.1 New equipment can reach an efficiency of well over 90%. High efficiency boilers and furnaces are available for both oil and natural gas. Replacing old equipment can increase heating efficiency by 20% or more. This means 20% less green house gases emitted into the atmosphere and 20% savings on heating fuel costs, which climb every year. Heating systems can last 25 years, or more. Many houses-of-worship and homes have heating 30+ year-old heating systems. Though these systems still work, they have passed their useful life. In other words, there is more reliable, more efficient equipment on the market. Since the heating system is a very large energy consumer, it also provides the great opportunity for stewardship. When replacing a boiler or furnace, use the most efficient equipment on the market. Most new boilers and furnaces have AFUE2 ratings in the mid 80% range, though they can reach up to 97%. Look for condensing-mode equipment which reaches over 90% efficiency. Today’s equipment also has features not included on older equipment. These features include electric ignition eliminating the need for a pilot light (and consequently standby cost), new combustion technologies increasing efficiency, and sealed combustion using outside air, reducing draft and improving safety. Hot-Air

Furnaces generate warmth by heating air and blowing it through air ducts. Furnaces have a central fan blowing the hot air through all of the air ducts. This fan can consume much electricity. A hot-air systems make zoning extremely difficult. Consider replacing the fan with one that runs efficiently at low or variable speeds to significantly cut down on electricity consumption.

1 Boilers heat water, for hot water (“hydronic”) or steam systems. Furnaces heat air. 2 AFUE is Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency

Steam

Since steam systems boil water, they always run at 212° or higher. This may actually be too hot for much of the heating season, when the differential between inside and outside temperature is 35°± or less (68° inside vs. 38° outside, for example.) Steam boilers run at a much higher temperature than hydronic boilers, so they are by definition less efficient. Why heat water to 212° degrees when 160° or less works? So when building new and especially when undergoing major renovations, consider switching to a more efficient hydronic heating system. And remember, steam pipes don’t last forever. Steam condenses in the system and over time causes rust throughout the pipes. (The photo above of a pipe almost entirely filled with rust is from Christ Church United, Lowell, which has learned the hard way!) If the steam system is 75+ years old, it’s getting near time to change pipes and radiation also. Hydronic

Hydronic boilers heat water to a desired temperature. Assuming the boiler has an outdoor

reset control, this enables higher efficiency.3 Compared to hot air and steam systems, hydronic systems run at much lower temperatures. Because these systems used heated water run through small pipes, it is easy to add zones by installing a valve in the boiler room which controls flow to the hydronic supply pipes for the zone. Zones are identified based on timing and frequency of use. The biggest “zone” in a house-of-worship (the sanctuary) often has over 50% of space needed heat, but is used typically about 3 hours/week, for Sabbath services. By comparison the smallest but most frequently used zone is the office. Zoning with smart programmable thermostats is an easy way to lower heating fuel consumption. Ask for heat only when a space is used! All Saints Parish, Brookline went from 3 to 14 zones after its environmental assessment, and, in combination with highest efficiency hydronic boilers, reduced its fuel consumption by 40%! Condensing Equipment for Highest Efficiency

One new technology which helps boilers and furnaces reach their highest efficiency is condensing. Condensing is when the steam in the boiler or furnace exhaust condenses back into water thus releasing heat. Condensing boilers and furnaces heat up quickly, use 30 - 70% less fuel and have the highest AFUE ratings, generally over 90%.

3 Outdoor reset controls matches heat generated to need based on the differential between outside

and inside temperature. An outside temperature of 40° might need the boiler to heat to 130°, while an outside temperature of 20° might need the boiler to heat to 160°.

Oil vs. Natural Gas New high efficiency natural gas boilers and furnaces can reach higher efficiency than oil-fired equipment. See the EnergyStar product information. (Link below.) Old or new oil-fired equipment can use bio-heat fuel as a way to further reduce environmental impact. Calculation Model

Though these products can be more expensive to purchase up front, the cost difference will be paid back over time through lower energy bills. Here is a sample, showing the calculation of benefits of various approaches. This uses a typical household-scale effort.

New boiler

Replace the 17± year-old gas-fired boiler or furnace (80% efficient) with high-efficiency equipment rated at 135,000 btu. New 92% efficient condensing-mode equipment will result in a 15% improvement in efficiency as compared to the efficiency. The old boiler or furnace used 1,500 therms, costing $2,460 at $1.64/therm. The new equipment reduces use to 1,275 therms, costing $2,091, saving $369. To buy and install the new efficient equipment would cost approximately $7,450. Regaining this money entirely through savings on gas bills would take about 20 years at this year’s price ($7,450/$369 saved at 15% efficiency improvement). Since fuel prices are virtually guaranteed to rise and there will be some gas company financial incentive, the actual payoff time will be considerably shorter.

(New Efficiency – Old Efficiency)/Old Efficiency = Savings (92% - 80%)/80% = 15% savings!

Savings % x Annual Therms = Therms Saved

Savings % x Annual $s = $s Saved Remember to use Heating Therms and $s only. Net-out the cost of generating domestic hot water (DHW). (See the MIP&L EES on DHW.) Using a boiler with an “on-demand” DHW generation capacity is a double-benefit, reducing the cost of both heating and DHW equipment! Of course, sooner or later the heat generation equipment must be replaced anyhow. So, a better way to understand the benefit is to figure the cost of a “typical” installation vs. “high-efficiency” equipment installation. For the example above, the typical equipment will cost about $5,850 to install. It will have an efficiency about what the current equipment has: 80±%. The Net cost for the “high-efficiency” equipment is $1,600 (the cost of the high efficiency – the cost of the conventional equipment). Saving the same money means the “net” cost is paid-back a bit more than 4 years. If the installed equipment is gas and the utility company provides an $800 rebate, the Net cost is only $800, which means the pay-back happens in just over 2 years. With that kind of return replacing the heat generation equipment before the end of its “useful life” will make sense financially and in terms of good environment stewardship.

Before Buying New Equipment…

Find and pluck the low-hanging fruit! Improve the efficiency and insulation of the building before buying and installing a new heating system. A few simple actions will save on use and cost immediately. Two examples of low-hanging fruit are “smart” programmable thermostats, and interior “storm” windows. After improving the building’s heating efficiency as much as possible, you may actually need a smaller boiler or furnace,

costing less to install and using even less fuel! Boiler efficiency rating does not include the heat lost in the piping system which can account for as much as 35% loss. Insulating heating pipes and ducts will raise efficiency. Make sure to check out the Thermostat, Utility Cost and Use, Domestic Hot Water, Interior “Storm” Windows, Home Energy Audit, Maintenance, BioHeat, Zoning and other EES files before buying and installing a new heating system. All of these have important information on how to lower heating fuel use and being more environmentally friendly.

www.MIPandL.org

Links

A good resources is EPA’s Guide to Energy-Efficient Heating and Cooling

http://www.energystar.gov/ia/products/heat_cool/GUIDE_2COLOR.pdf Go to the EnergyStar web sites or more information on product lists of all energy star boilers, furnaces, and their efficiency ratings, savings calculators, manufacturer lists and more. http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=boilers.pr_boilers http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=furnaces.pr_furnaces

Domestic Hot Water By Andrew Siliski

Key Issue: Energy Waste for DHW Generation

Stewardship Opportunity: On-Demand DHW Heaters

Standard domestic hot water (“DHW”) vertical tanks are not very efficient (65±%) even when DHW is needed; they are 0% efficient when DHW is not needed. (Heating water that you are not going to use is by definition wasteful and expensive! You don’t keep the tea-kettle heating on the stove for a morning cup of tea!). On-demand water heaters are 84>95% efficient and they use energy when only when generating DHW.

What On-Demand Hot Water Is On-demand hot water heats your hot water as you use it, so there is

no tank to wastefully heat-and-hold water. Instead, the water is heated as it flows through the water heater. Unlike a DHW tank (which is measured in gallon capacity) on-demand hot water is measured in gallons per minute. Switching to an on-demand tank-less DHW heater can save you 30% or more on your utility bill as compared to the standard DHW tank. On-demand hot water heaters use either electricity or gas. Gas fired on-demand water heaters have greater capacity than electric, and are more efficient.

Where on-demand DHW is applicable On-demand systems are useful in every home and House-Of Worship (“HOW”). They are especially appropriate for locations which either 1) have low demand or 2) the hot water demand is highly variable. For example, a home where two parents live alone except when children come home during the summer months, Christmas, and Thanksgiving is a great opportunity for on-demand hot water. The primary DHW consumption in most HOWs is for dishwashers and sinks. Dishwashers use approximately 13 gallons per load while sink hot water use varies. Neither of these uses comes close to the standard 40 gallon DHW tank.

Care and Maintenance Most on-demand water heaters have a life span of over 20 years. They are easily serviced and have replaceable parts, so the life span may be considerably longer. This is in sharp comparison to DHW tanks that last from 5 (or fewer) to 10 years.

Incentives Since on-demand hot water systems are over 80% efficiency, they qualify for rebates. Residential or commercial heating customers (including HOWs) of gas companies are eligible. For more information call your gas company.

How To Calculate Savings You can easily calculate use and cost savings by looking at your utility bill. Most DHW generation is by gas. So take a summer month where there is constant use (that is, when you are not away during vacation) and write down the number of therms used. Multiply this by the current price of natural gas ($1.50/therm current in December 2010) and you have your cost of hot water per month. Multiply this by 70% to get your approximate monthly cost of hot water with an on-demand system. (This assumes saving at least 30% of prior use and cost.) Subtract the difference. Multiply by 12 and you’ll learn how much you will save in a year. [You can do the same calculations with oil except with gallons instead of therms and the higher cost per gallon.]

30 therms x $1.50/therm = $45.00 x 70% = $31.50 new monthly gas cost for DHW

($13.50 saved/month = $162/year)

A standard 40 gal DHW tank costs approximately $400 and installation costs approximately $400 for a total of $800. A 6 gal/min on-demand DHW heater costs approximately $800 with an installation cost of approximately $1,000 for a total of $1,800. Using the $300 rebate from the gas company lowers the price to approximately $1,500. Though there is a “net” difference of $700 in these two systems, nearly all of that is paid back in the first four years!!! And it only gets better every year as fuel prices rise and when you realize that you won’t be spending $800 every 5± years for a new DHW tank! Over 20 years the on-demand tank described above saves over $3,200 (in 2010 $s) on use and eliminates $2,400 of replacement at $800/replacement for a standard tank. That is about $5,600 in savings. This is truly…

DOING WELL BY DOING GOOD

Saving More Hot Water The most effective way to lower DHW heating use is to USE LESS HOT WATER. Showers are a HUGE opportunity for savings. See MIP&L’s Shower Cost EES brief, which includes an Excel template to calculate cost in $s and CO2 for you shower!

Encourage Others To Use On-Demand DHW The on-demand DHW system at the top of the first page is in a HOW, installed over the kitchen sink. Posted on it is a short explanation of what it is, what is saves, and where to go to get information on this and other environmental stewardship opportunities. Be sure to take the opportunity to explain and encourage this (and every similar sensible action) when installing an on-demand DHW in your HOW or home. Updated January 2011, Tom Nutt-Powell

Everyday Environmental

Stewardship

Saving Energy in Existing Buildings Louis Tsien

Key issue:

Winter Draftiness

Stewardship Opportunity: Interior Storm Windows

As people of faith, we believe that we should be stewards of God's creation. As heads of household and governance board members, we wince at energy bills that seem only to increase from year to year. Energy conservation is a great abstract idea, for both theological and practical reasons -- but improving the energy efficiency of our buildings (both homes and religious facilities) takes both money and effort, of which we never have enough. And when most of the typical solutions are installed, it still seems drafty in the winter. What to do? Stewardship Opportunity — Interior Storm Windows

Exterior storm windows leak air because of moveable sashes, and weep holes that drain rain water in the summer let cold air in during the winter. Inexpensive flexible plastic film applied on the inside works, but is not very aesthetic and can harm paint. The best solution is to purchase pre-assembled or build sturdy lightweight interior storm windows.

How I Figured It Out

I've struggled with this dilemma for several decades, both at home in Watertown, MA, and on behalf of my church, St. John the Evangelist in downtown Boston. Our family moved to Watertown in the early 1980s, soon after the OPEC oil embargo and gas lines of the late 70s. Our house is somewhat elderly, wood framed, 3 stories plus basement, gravity hot water radiators fired (then) by a coal-converted-to-oil boiler. Over the next 20 years, we had insulation blown into the exterior walls and attic, replaced the primary windows with double-paned glazing, and replaced the boiler with a modern gas-fired unit and added a circulation pump; all of these are big ticket, but standard energy-conscious upgrades for an old building. Yet, certain rooms in the house still felt cold -- which infuriated me: where could the heat be going? My wife says I looked ridiculous, crawling around on hands and knees while holding a lit candle, looking for cold air currents. No more candle flame watching.

I use a remote infrared thermometer with digital readout (Raytek or Extech, available online, or from You Do It Electronics, Needham). The thermometer even has a red laser pointer, to indicate the location at which temperature is being read. The reading changes

almost instantly, rather than taking minutes like conventional thermometers. Scan slowly around the edges of a window, and by watching the numbers climb or drop you can see which parts of the window are leaking heat. Scan up and down the inside of an exterior wall, and the point to which the blown-in insulation has settled is obvious -- there's a 5ºF-temperature difference across a very short distance. The Flaw of Exterior Storm Windows

We do have exterior storm windows. However, closing the exterior storm windows, to my surprise, did not greatly improve the interior temperature readings! On the other hand, application of flexible plastic film (boxed kits from 3M, FrostKing, Niagara Conservation) on the INSIDE helped a lot, as long as the plastic film was airtight all the way around, especially along the bottom of the window. How could this be? An exterior storm window with moveable upper and lower sashes leaks air, both at the middle and also around the edges. It also has to have "weep holes" to drain away condensation which otherwise would rot the window sill; but the weep holes also leak air, reducing the insulating effectiveness of the storm window. Plastic Film works but is a pain

I liked the effectiveness of the plastic film kits, and they are quite inexpensive; but they are a recurring pain to install, and my wife didn't like either their appearance or the paint damage done by the double-sided adhesive tape used to mount the film to the window casing. When St. John's boiler failed in 2003, in addition to heating system replacement (described in MIP&L newsletter of October 2003), MIP&L recommended an interior storm window system using rigid acrylic (Plexiglas™ or similar) plastic sheets, purchased separately, together with magnetic strips which adhere the acrylic to the window casing while also providing an airtight seal. The concept intrigued me enough to do two things: to research other rigid-pane interior storm window systems on the Internet, and to buy material to try out. Modern Plastics (http://www.modernplastics.com) offers a variety of plastic extrusions (Defender™) which clip onto the edge of an acrylic sheet for the purposes of mounting and sealing to a window casing, either by snapping mating pieces together or with magnetic strips. Both the Windowsavers and Modern Plastics products seemed somewhat pricey to me: $2 per linear foot for the edges, plus the cost of the acrylic sheet, and the hassle of getting it cut.

Attachment Option #1 — Magnetic Strips and Plastic Extrusion

My first window was a hybrid: Windowsavers magnetic strip for the sides and top, and a Modern Plastics extrusion for the bottom, which fits flat on top of a window sill (See diagram 1.) Works well, looks good, but somewhat expensive and time-consuming to build. In hunting for acrylic sheet suppliers, I happened upon J Freeman in Dorchester (56 Tenean Street, http://www.jfreeman.com). Hard to get to, inconvenient hours, non-existent customer service; but they

will custom cut .093" clear acrylic sheet for $1.49/sq ft net, vs. about $2/sq ft for a stock- sized piece at Home Depot, which then has to be cut to size. Attachment Option #2 — Screws and Weatherstripping

For the next set of windows, I decided to use mechanical means -- screws -- to fasten the acrylic, and ordinary weatherstripping for air tightness. This too worked well, was easier to assemble – fewer long, thin, adhesive-backed strips which need careful handling and alignment -- and less expensive: 50¢/ft for the edges. Different mounting arrangements are needed, depending on the window configuration -- see diagrams. Standard twist drills can cause cracking when making holes in acrylic; a special drill bit for plastic

(90º-tip angle instead of the standard 118º) helps avoid this.

Attachment Option #3 — Wood Frame with screws and weatherstripping

A sturdier version of option #2 is to mount the acrylic on a wood frame, with weatherstripping serving as a seal/gasket between the acrylic and the window frame. This option adds the cost of the wood, and the time to paint to match. However, it is sturdy, easily installed and will last many years. It also presents the opportunity to meet aesthetic requirements, blending the frame into the finish standard of the window and surrounding space.

What about really big windows?

One other set of windows is worth mentioning. These are extremely large (8 ft wide x 25 ft high) Gothic arched windows in the church façade. Temperature readings taken last winter showed almost 100% infiltration, i.e. the inside readings at the window edges were basically equal to the outside temperature. It would be impossible to obtain single sheets of acrylic of that size, impractical to butt join multiple pieces. Instead, I'm planning to use wide rolls of flexible plastic film, with magnetic strips on the inside of the window casing to hold the plastic film in place. The material hasn't arrived yet; I'll let you know, once it's installed, how well it works. Helpful Hints

If you want to undertake something like this for your home or church, here are some practical hints:

Decide how the sheet will be mounted: against which surfaces, with how much clearance or overlap required in each direction for the mounting and sealing mechanism (magnetic, adhesive, nails, screws, weatherstripping, etc.). A drawing helps you visualize whether the sheet dimension needs to be larger (overlap) or smaller (clearance) than the relevant window dimension. The drawing doesn't need to be to scale.

Measure carefully and often. Especially in old buildings, don't assume that rectangular-looking openings are in fact exactly rectangular. Measure both top and bottom, both left and right. Measure both diagonals to make sure they are the same.

Everyday Environmental Stewardship

Programmable Thermostats Andrew Siliski

Key issue:

Why do I need a Programmable Thermostat?

Stewardship Opportunity Buying Programmable Thermostats

Non-Programmable thermostats are simple, easy to use, and inexpensive. However, they also allow a large margin for wasting energy and raising heating and cooling costs. Programmable thermostats take virtually no time to learn how to use and pay for themselves in energy savings in a year or less. Replacing non-programmable thermostats with programmable thermostats will save energy, reduce heating and cooling costs, and make your home, office, and house of worship more enjoyable. Programmable thermostats automatically adjust your home's temperature, thus eliminating the hassle of changing the settings when you are running out of the house leaving for work, or heading upstairs at 2:00AM. You can also program these thermostats to change temperatures when you are away or when you are asleep. The multiple time settings permit you to schedule heat or AC when and only when you want it. Some programmable thermostats even anticipate how long it will take to reach your desired temperature and start you heating or cooling system in just the right lead time! The main virtue of a programmable thermostat is that it changes the temperature many times throughout the day, and 7 days a week, to your desired settings. On manual thermostats, changing settings in a house multiple times a day for multiple zones can be tiresome and, even worse, easily overlooked. The programmable thermostat does all the work for you, saves energy and can lower heating and/or cooling costs by $150+/year. Since these thermostats are digital, they contain no mercury and are better for the environment. Stewardship Opportunity #1 Choosing A Thermostat All EnergyStar programmable thermostats offer four programmable temperature settings over each day. They come with some or all of the following features: digital, backlit displays, touch screen programming, voice and/or phone programming, hold/vacation features, indicators which tell when it is time to change air filters, indicators that signal malfunctioning of heating/cooling systems, and adaptive recovery features (control features that senses the amount of time it will take to reach desired temperatures). Go to

http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=thermostats.pr_thermostats for more information. This same site provides acomplete product list of Energy Star qualified thermostats, manufacturer list, and a savings calculator which computes how much money per year you will save by switching to a programmable thermostat. (See the links at the right side column.)

Stewardship Opportunity #2 Installing a Thermostat Programmable thermostats are easy to install. Voltage can range “low” on up, from 24 to 240 volts. Depending on the type of your heating and/or cooling system, there are 2 to 10 wires. The previous attachment points in the wall will hold up your new programmable thermostat. If the installation involves more than just a simple installation, you should call your local HVAC service person to ensure a safe, proper installation. Also, if your old thermostat has mercury in the switch, make sure to take it to your local recycling/hazardous center. These cannot be thrown away in the trash. Programmable Thermostats - Proper Use Guidelines Here are some energy saving tips from the EnergyStar web site at

http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=thermostats.pr_thermostats_guidelines.

Set-Points — Keep the temperature set at its energy savings set-points for long periods of time when no one is at home, and through the night, after bedtime.

Override — All thermostats let you temporarily make an area warmer or cooler, without erasing the preset programming. This override is canceled automatically at the next program period. You use more energy (and end up paying more on energy bills) if you consistently “hold” or override the preprogrammed settings.

Hold — Units typically have 2 types of hold features: (a) hold/permanent/vacation; (b) temporary. Avoid using the hold/permanent/vacation feature to manage day-to-day temperature settings. “Hold” or “vacation” features are best when you're planning be away for an extended period. Set this feature at a constant, efficient temperature (i.e. several degrees warmer temperature in summer, several degrees cooler during winter), when going away for the weekend or on vacation. You'll waste energy and money if you leave the “hold” feature at the comfort setting while you're away.

Timing — Cranking your unit up to 90 degrees or down to 40 degrees, for example, will not heat or cool your house any faster. Most thermostats, including EnergyStar qualified units, begin to heat or cool at a programmed time, to reach set-point temperatures sometime thereafter. Units with adaptive, “smart,” or “intelligent” recovery features are an exception to this rule - they reach desired temperatures by the set time, since they use formulas that are based on your historical use.

Location — Install your unit on an interior wall, away from heating or cooling vents and other sources of heat or drafts (doorways, windows, skylights, direct sunlight or bright lamps).

Zones — Many homes use just one thermostat to control the whole house. If your home has multiple heating or cooling zones, you'll need a programmed setback thermostat for each zone to maximize comfort, convenience and energy savings throughout the house.

Batteries — Don't forget to change the batteries each year. Some units indicate when batteries must be changed.

Everyday Environmental Stewardship

Energy Efficient Appliances

Andrew Siliski

Key issue:

Energy-Hog Appliances

Stewardship Opportunity

Energy-Efficient Appliances

Appliances have three price tags: the cost of the actual product, the energy it consumes, and the repair and maintenance costs. Old appliances are even worse, consuming large amounts of energy and at high risk for costly repairs and inconvenient failures. The average home spends approximately $1,900 in annual electricity costs per year and home appliances count for as much as 75% of this cost. EnergyStar models use 10-50% less electricity than their conventional counterparts and are equal in performance. If only 10% of American homes replacing their appliances with EnergyStar qualified machines it would be equal to planting 1.7 million acres (2,656 square miles) of trees. And if combined with good stewardship practice (Less Is More!) the result is even better. Stewardship Opportunity — Replace Old Appliances

Refrigerators and Freezers

Because refrigerators are in operation all the time and consume large amounts of energy, it is important to choose a model which is cost efficient to run and will not waste electricity. The refrigerator can consume as much as 20% of a home’s electricity. Many models manufactured before 1999 do not meet current Department of Energy power usage standards. EnergyStar refrigerator models use at least 15% less electricity than required by current federal standards. EnergyStar models also use 30% less electricity than those built 10 years ago. Replacing a refrigerator bought in 1990 with a new EnergyStar qualified model would save enough energy to light the average household for nearly 4 months. Go to http://energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=refrig.pr_refrigerators for more information on product lists, manufacturer lists, purchasing tips, FAQs, special offers, finding a store, and more. For a refrigerator savings calculator. Go to

http://energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=refrig.calculator This will calculate your annual savings by replacing your current refrigerator with comparable EnergyStar model. Make sure to have your refrigerator’s model number (not serial number) found on both the refrigerator and the refrigerator guide and your price per kWh found on your electricity bill.

Washing Machine

Buying an EnergyStar washing machine is especially important because it consumes large amounts of both electricity and water. EnergyStar qualified clothes washers clean clothes using 50% less energy than standard washers and as much as 50% less water per load, compared to the 40± gallons used by a comparable conventional machine. Compared to a model manufactured before 1994, an EnergyStar washer can save up to $110 per year utility bills, both electricity and hot water. EnergyStar does not label clothes dryers because these all use similar amounts of electricity and gas. Go to

http://energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=clotheswash.pr_clothes_washers for more information on product lists, manufacture lists, purchasing tips, FAQs, special offers, finding a store, savings calculator, and more. And remember: Clothes washing and drying practices offer especially good opportunities for improved stewardship.

Less Is More! Dishwashers

EnergyStar qualified dishwashers use at least 41% less energy than the federal minimum standard for energy consumption. They also use much less water. Replacing a dishwasher manufactured before 1994 with an EnergyStar qualified dishwasher can save you more than $30 a year in electrical costs annually. Go to

http://energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=dishwash.pr_dishwashers for more information on product lists (html/Excel), manufacture lists, purchasing tips, FAQs, special offers, finding a store, savings calculator, and more. Make sure you buy a dishwasher knowing its utility use (electricity and water) per load. And remember: Dish washing practices also offer especially good opportunities for improved stewardship.

Less Is More! Dehumidifiers

An 8-gallon EnergyStar dehumidifier uses 10%-20% less energy than a comparable conventional model. This is approximately $20 in energy costs per year. This can add up to $200 or more during the dehumidifier’s lifespan. This is enough to pay for the dehumidifier which shows that EnergyStar humidifiers truly pay for themselves. The energy saved from these dehumidifiers is enough to power your refrigerator for six months. Go to

http://energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=dehumid.pr_dehumidifiers for more information on product lists, manufacturer lists, purchasing tips, FAQs, special offers, finding a store, and more. However, you may not actually need a dehumidifier. Consider what is prompting the need. Often compact storage in air-tight containers with dehumidifying pellets which absorb water can meet the need. (A good example is storage of sheet music for choirs.) Water absorbing pellets can be used for rooms and homes. You can also follow some simple steps to not need any dehumidifying devices at all. These include improving the drainage around your home to prevent leakage into the basement (extend down spouts away from your home, make sure that soil slopes away

from your foundation, avoid over-watering of plants near your foundation); make sure that your clothes dryer is fully ventilated to the outdoors; repair all leaky faucets; and make sure that there are no drafts coming from outside (i.e. bulkhead) which can flood the basement with humid air. Room AC

EnergyStar room air conditioners use at least 10% less energy than their comparable conventional counterparts. Replacing a 10 year old room air conditioner will save approximately $25 per year on your electric bill. Getting an AC with a timer will also reduce needless use. Also, many people buy air conditioners that are too large. Make certain your AC is properly sized. For more information on products, go to

http://energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=roomac.pr_room_ac There is also a link to a page for guidance on sizing your AC to the space to be conditioned. Rebates and Cost/Benefit

Discounts and mail in rebates change rapidly. Go to http://www.myenergystar.com/ProductsAndDiscounts.aspx

for information on rebates and discounts through your electric company. This list is updated weekly and will show you all the up to date rebates on EnergyStar refrigerators, clothes washers, dishwashers, dehumidifiers, and room air conditioners. Of course, the best approach is to replace your appliances as part of a Home Energy

Audit, as the auditor will be able to provide guidance on all your energy use, making suggestions about things you might not even think of! For an EES on getting a Home Energy Audit, go to

http://mipandl.org/everyday.htm

Here is an example of how rebates combine with reduced savings to help your pocketbook and reduce environmental pollution. An EnergyStar Kenmore refrigerator (model #77872) consumes 407 kWh annually. A comparable model (same capacity/outlay) from 1992 uses 1,150 kWh. So the new refrigerators uses about 2/3 less electricity. At a cost of 18¢/kWh, savings total about $173/year. Model #77872 costs $500. This means that the refrigerator will pay for itself in about 3 years in energy savings alone! If you obtain an electric company rebate (say $150), the new refrigerator pays for itself into only 2 years. Equally important, the new refrigerator reduces

your carbon footprint by over 60%!

Everyday Environmental Stewardship

Compact Florescent Light bulbs

Andrew Siliski

Key Issue: Conserving electricity

Stewardship Opportunities: Buying and Recycling CFLs

Buying and installing compact florescent light (“CFL”) bulbs is an extremely easy way to conserve electricity and cut down on electrical bills and reduce your carbon footprint! Lighting is used every day in buildings; it constitutes 25% of electricity consumed in the average home. CFLs use about 1/4 the amount of electricity (watts) as an incandescent bulb and at the same time produce the same amount of light (lumens). The lifespan of a standard CFL, 10,000 hours, is 10 times the lifespan of a standard incandescent light bulb. CFLs can be used in all buildings for all purposes. There is a CFL for every need (e.g. homes, offices, places of worship, schools) and fixture (e.g. standard and candelabra base).

Stewardship Opportunity #1 - Buying CFLs CFLs can replace all standard base incandescent and halogen light bulbs. Regular 15 watt CFLs can replace 60 watt incandescent reading lamps while the 29 watt CFLs can replace the 100 watt outside flood lights. These bulbs can be bought from stores ranging from Home Depot to Walgreens. Since stores carry the most frequently used bulbs, try the Internet for the more specialized bulbs. For finding suppliers of CFLs (and other Energy Star products, including fixtures) try http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm? fuseaction=store.store_locator.

A CFL floodlight Home Depot sells CFLs in multi packs where each bulb costs as low as $2.00. Also, $2.00 Energy Star mail-in rebates are available for up to 6 CFL packages per household per year. Replacing conventional incandescent light bulbs with CFLs will not only reduce the user’s electrical bill but also reduce the heat pollution emitted from lighting. An incandescent light bulb is 5% efficient where 95% of the energy consumed is radiated out as heat. CFLs are four times more efficient. CFLs are a little more expensive than other light bulbs, but since CFLs last 10 times longer The CFL selection at Home Depot

than an incandescent bulb, the cost of buying and reinstalling bulbs is significantly reduced by reduced monthly electricity bills and less frequent new bulb purchases. EnergyStar qualified light bulbs use 50 to 70 percent less electricity than regular incandescent or halogen lamps while giving the same amount of light. These fixtures are available in many styles and can be used for outdoor and indoor ceiling-mounted lighting, lamps, wall mounted, recessed, and architectural lighting. Unlike previous models, new bulbs are quick start, no hum.

CFLs are also available in colored, reflector, candle, dimmable, and 3 way options. They can replace the incandescent in reading lamps, chandeliers, dimmable flood lights, three way lights, and even colored lights. Every incandescent can be changed with an energy saving compact florescent equivalent. While stores like Home Depot have standard selection of most frequently used bulbs, online stores have a greater variety of more specialized bulbs. A good location for buying all kinds of CFLs is the IPL-sponsored

http://www.energyfederation.org/ipl/default.php. MIP&L members and congregants get 10% discount!!! Enter the discount code shopipl

Globe light Torpedo/Candle Three Way Dimmable Flood

Visit the Energy Star website to see an up to date list of qualified light fixtures. http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=fixtures.pr_light_fixtures Light fixtures that have earned the EnergyStar label combine quality and attractive design with the highest levels of energy efficiency available today. These fixtures use CFLs. They come in hundreds of decorative styles including portable — such as table, desk and floor lamps — and hard-wired options for locations throughout the homes and buildings.

Stewardship Opportunity #2 - Recycling CFLs

CFLs cannot be thrown away or recycled like incandescent or halogen light bulbs. CFLs need to be handled with care. If one implodes, it releases the mercury gas into the air potentially harming people nearby. CFLs on average contain 4mg of mercury so they need to be recycled at the local hazardous waste facility in accordance with local laws and regulations. This is very easy. The only required action is taking the CFLs to the local recycling depot. They do the rest of the work. A good website for finding the nearest recycling center is http://earth911.org/. Entering a zip code will give the closest recycling center, website, address, phone number, and hours open. Since CFLs last 10 times longer than incandescent, buying and recycling these bulbs is reduced significantly.

AND go to www.MIPandL.org then click on Shop IPL. You can obtain a Veolia ES CFL RecylcePak there.

Definitions Watt - A measurement of energy used equal to one joule per second. Light bulbs are often sold by their

amount of watts. A 60 watt light bulb from one company may produce a much different amount of light

than the same watt light bulb from another.

Lumen - A measurement of light equal to the amount of light emitted per second. A standard 60 watt incandescent light bulb produces 890 lumens. A 15 watt CFL produces 900 lumens.

Everyday Environmental Stewardship

Home Energy Audit Andrew Siliski

Key issue

What do I need to do in my own home?

Stewardship Opportunity Making use of the utility company energy audit & incentives

Keeping a one’s home, a house of worship, business, or any other building as energy efficient as possible is important for environmental as well as economic reasons. Energy efficient buildings use less electricity, oil, gas, and water. A home energy audit is the easiest, most effective way to identify which appliances, equipment and parts of a building need to be upgraded or replaced. Stewardship Opportunity #1: Getting a Home Energy Audit Home energy audits help identify inefficient and outdated heating/cooling equipment, ceiling/window insulation, appliances (e.g. refrigerator, washer/dryer), lighting, and more. These audits are completely free of cost and take roughly 1 1/2 hours. If you buy electricity from NStar or NationalGrid, call 1.800.632.8300 to schedule an energy audit through MassSave. Each electricity company (municipal and private) does energy audits for its own customers regardless of the currently installed heating system (electricity, oil, gas).

Number to call: 1.800.632.8300 On-line access: www.masssave.com

If you live in a condominium or in multi-family housing with four or more family units, have the Owner or Condo Assn call and schedule the audit for the building. People living in triple family condominiums can have their own audit. MassSave offers programs for just about everyone and every living organization. Be sure to call for a direct audit for any utility bill you pay directly — electricity and/or gas. During the audit, the auditor will look at the domestic hot water (“DHW”) heater, heat generation (boiler or furnace), electrical equipment, radiators and/or ducts, windows , and insulation in the basement, walls and attic areas. Be prepared to specific questions about your home. For example, a corner of the house that is much colder in the winter compared to the rest of the house. After five minutes of inspecting the basement, the auditor found the problem, absence insulation leaving cold air to circulate throughout the inner wall, and recommended installation of foam board insulation to stop the air flow. A general assessment of the building’s efficiency is made through such observations; the auditor makes recommendations on actions needed to raise efficiency. The auditor will also give up to 12 CFLs depending on how the house is lighted and what kind of light bulbs are used. If the first floor is light primarily by dimmable flood lights,

then the auditor may give dimmable flood CFLs. If a home is primarily lit by three way lamps, then the auditor will give three way CFLs. The auditor will not give CFLs to a house which already has many installed. After the audit, the auditor writes down all recommendations and explains what is worth repairing and replacing, how to do this, and who gives the rebates. A packet is provided explaining all available rebates and loans, including amounts. Incentives include 50% off insulation upgrades and air sealing ($700 job minimum, $1,500 maximum rebate), $150-$800 rebates on high efficiency heating systems (the higher the efficiency, the higher the rebate), $300 rebates for indirect water heaters, and additional rebates on EnergyStar labeled thermostats, windows, and appliances, notably refrigerators. A maximum $15,000 loan for replacing windows is also available with 0%-3% financing. Windows are the most expensive energy saving devices with the longest payback. The standard window lifetime is 50. The cost of new, triple-paned windows insulated with argon gas is approximately $30/sqr ft. With respect to R values, the standard measurement of insulation ability, new windows have a value of 3, while old windows have a value of 1.5, and 2 x 6 insulated walls have values of 19. Stewardship Opportunity #2: Getting a Rebate Though many rebates are abatable through the MassSave home energy audit, obtaining rebates for buying natural gas boilers/furnaces and indirect DHW heaters do not require a home energy audit. These are available directly from gas companies. Also, MassSave does not include conversion (i.e. oil to gas) as part of the program as it serves many types of energy. A heating professional must install the gas boiler/furnace or indirect DHW heater and sign the rebate request form. It is then submitted to the utility. The members of the Association of Gas Networks all have the same rebate options. The members are Bay State Gas, Berkshire Gas, Blackstone Gas, Holyoke Gas, KeySpan, Middleborough Gas, New England Gas, Nstar, Unitil, Wakefield Municipal Gas, Westfield Gas. Check with your gas company for specifics. For example, the KeySpan gas rebate form can be downloaded from the KeySpan web site.

http://www.keyspanenergy.com/pshome/energy/heating_program_ma_kedma.jsp. If the auditor sees that your refrigerator is inefficient (uses 1100 or more kwh) and past its useful life, then he will give you a $150 mail-in rebate to buy an energy efficient model. NStar and NationalGrid offer a $300 rebate for replacing or installing new central cooling systems through the CoolSmart program. See http://www.mycoolsmart.com/html/rebate-info.html for details and qualifications. Electric companies also offer rebates for home appliances. Go to http://www.myenergystar.com/ProductsAndDiscounts.aspx to find rebates on CFLs, lighting fixtures, clothes washers, room air conditioners, refrigerators, dishwashers, and dehumidifiers. You can also call 877.378.2748 and talk to an EnergyStar representative. The rebates from EnergyStar are updated once a week or as needed. These rebates change often, so act quickly. One rebate offered one month may disappear the next.

Everyday Environmental Stewardship

Recycling Russell Foxworthy

Key issues:

Responsible Use of Waste

Stewardship Opportunity Preventing Further Exhaustion of Earth’s Resources

The Earth does not have an endless supply of raw materials. Unfortunately, modern consumerism does not take this fact into consideration. The average American consumer will throw out 1,602 pounds of trash per year, making the United States the largest producer of trash in the world. With consumerism and population continuing to grow, it is now more important than ever that we recycle. Recycling is by no means a new concept. Humans have been doing it for centuries, although most recycling took place during times of war and recession. However, recycling has recently become much easier and widespread, thanks to new technologies, new methods of transportation, and awareness campaigns. When resources are recycled, there is less demand for exhuming raw materials from the Earth. This means that more natural landscapes can remain untouched and pristine. Recycling saves municipalities money. Some people disagree with this statement because the process of recycling is more costly then dumping all waste into a landfill. This is true, but municipalities make that money back and more when they sell the recycled materials to manufacturers. On average, it costs a city $30/ton to recycle trash compared to $50/ton to send it to the landfill, and $65>$75/ton to incinerate. A recycling center in Wellesley makes about $800,000 every year from selling recycled materials that its residents separate. Keep in mind that the more categories you sort yourself, the less your municipality has to do and the more money it saves. While not all towns recycle, 4 in 5 Americans have stated that they are willing to separate their garbage into different recyclable categories. This is great news for the environment, and a reason to prompt your community to initiate recycling if it does not do so now. Here are examples of the many categories that your recyclables are sorted into after they are taken from your curb:

Metals: Aluminum, Copper, Metal/Light Iron. Household Recycling: Boxboard and Chipboard, Brown Paper Bags, Cardboard and Corrugated Cartons, Mixed Office Paper, Mixed Paper, Newspapers, Refundable

Appendix G —

Case Studies

St. Andrew’s, Wellesley, MA Charles Street AME Church, Roxbury, MA

Holy Trinity Armenian Apostolic Church, Cambridge, MA

Massachusetts Interfaith Power and Light Case Study: St. Andrew’s (Episcopal), Wellesley MA St. Andrew’s had its beginnings in 1894 when its the original chapel was dedicated. Additions are reported in 1921 and 1931. A parish house was built in the late 1940s. An enlarged Sanctuary and an education wing were added in the 1950s. In addition to worship and programs of the congregation, the building provides space for after-school programs, self-help groups, meetings and a Montessori school.

Although the steam boiler at St. Andrew’s was only ten years old, over a two year period, leaks in the ancient steam distribution system had recently cost the church over $60,000. Original single pane window systems and lack of zone controls added to increased energy costs. In 2007, St Andrew’s formed a Property Task Force charged with identifying deferred maintenance needs and addressing energy issues. MIP&L was asked to provide an Environmental Stewardship Assessment as a step towards planning for future capital activities. On MIP&L’s advice, St. Andrew’s undertook inexpensive actions such as programmable thermostats and upgrade in light bulbs and fixtures. The study also recommended replacing the inefficient oil-fired steam heating system, adding insulation, and increasing the thermal efficiency of windows systems St Andrew’s decided on a capital campaign to raise funds for its deferred maintenance and energy related improvements. With the assistance of a MIP&L project manager, the church retained an engineering firm, initiated design, and selected contractors for the Window and HVAC work. Overall, the effort took two years. All projects were completed on time and under budget.

*Heating – The oil-fired boiler was replaced in 2009 with three 92% efficient gas-fired condensing mode hydronic boilers. All piping and radiation was replaced for hot water heat. Heating zones were increased from 3 to 22. An electronic management (EMS) zone control system was incorporated for precise heating delivery. This system is computer based allowing staff to adjust heat delivery from remote locations. Split system air conditioning was added to the parish wing. Domestic hot water generation for the parish wing was converted to an in-direct fired storage tank using the high efficiency boilers. The school wing has its own small electric tank.

*Building Envelope – The single glazed windows in the parish office wing were replaced in 2008 with new thermopane systems for an immediate reduction in heating fuel costs of $6,252 from the previous heating season. Insulation was added. New windows for the school wing were deferred to 2011 because of funding. Data from the EMS clearly shows higher heat demand in the school vs. the parish wing that has the High E windows. COST SAVINGS - Total 2009-10 heating season fuel cost was $11,145 compared to $32,910 in 2007-2008 before High E windows and new heating system were installed, a 67% savings of $21,764. CO2 SAVINGS - St. Andrew’s saved about 188,000 lbs of CO2, a reduction of over 65%. This is the equivalent of 15.3/year 20mpg cars taken off the road or 13,152 NE trees (about 18.8 acres) August, 2010 www.MIPandL.org

St. Andrew's Fuel Cost Analysis and Savings from Energy Improvements

Year Start Date $S Gallons/Fuel Oil $/gallon

Heating Degree Days

(HDD)

% change Degree Days

CO2 LBS

% change CO2 LBS

22.4 lbs/gallon2006 October $979.26 498.3 $1.97 88 11,162

November $3,029.68 1,541.1 $1.97 199 34,521December $4,219.16 2,125.5 $1.99 433 47,611

2007 January $4,554.03 2,488.1 $1.83 687 55,733Februrary $5,410.95 2,700.2 $2.00 801 60,484March $4,349.90 2,118.1 $2.05 538 47,445April $2,696.41 1,240.9 $2.17 327 27,796

May 0Total for ''06-'07 $25,239.39 12,712.2 $2.00 3,073 284,753

October 220 250.00% 0November $4,748.86 1,900.3 $2.50 654 328.64% 42,567 123.3%December $7,352.06 2,942.0 $2.50 1004 231.87% 65,901 138.4%

2008 January $5,795.42 2,319.1 $2.50 972 141.48% 51,948 93.2%Februrary $5,233.90 2,094.4 $2.50 934 116.60% 46,915 77.6%March $4,910.04 1,964.1 $2.50 822 152.79% 43,995 92.7%April $2,566.22 1,026.9 $2.50 472 144.34% 23,003 82.8%May $2,303.64 562.0 $4.10 12,589

Total for '07-'08 $32,910.14 12,808.8 $2.73 5078 165.25% 286,917 100.8%High E windows installed in Parish Building in Summer '08

October $750.89 242.3 $3.10 366 166.36% 5,428November $5,624.01 1,875.3 $3.00 643 98.32% 42,007 98.7%December $6,389.97 2,130.7 $3.00 902 89.84% 47,728 72.4%

2009 January $5,140.04 2,571.3 $2.00 1236 127.16% 57,597 110.9%Februrary $4,139.54 2,070.8 $2.00 894 95.72% 46,386 98.9%March $3,158.22 1,579.9 $2.00 844 102.68% 35,390 80.4%April $1,455.85 741.8 $1.96 460 97.46% 16,616 72.2%

Total for '08-'09 $26,658.52 11,212.1 $2.44 5345 105.26% 251,151 87.5%Heating system converted from Oil/steam to gas/hot water in summer '09

Year Month $s Therms/Gas $/thrm Degree % change 11.7 lbs/therm

2009 October $298.47 215 $1.39 248 67.76% 2,516 46.3%November $1,027.24 995 $1.03 482 74.96% 11,642 27.7%December $1,137.94 831 $1.37 982 108.87% 9,723 20.4%

2010 January $2,892.78 2,264 $1.28 1091 88.27% 26,489 46.0%Februrary $2,510.88 1,908 $1.32 884 98.88% 22,324 48.1%March $1,977.99 1,387 $1.43 653 77.37% 16,228 45.9%April $1,300.41 864 $1.51 376 81.74% 10,109 60.8%

Total for '09-'10 $11,145.71 8,464.0 $1.32 4716 88.2% 99,029 46.3%

Heating fuel cost savings $6,252 Fuel cost Savings for 2008-9 heating season from

window replacement in Parish Building in summer '08

$21,764 Savings (67%) from 2007-08 heating season (last before any energy improvements) to 2009-10 when all energy upgrades were in place

Carbon Dioxide Savings 12,808.8 gals/oil 2007-08 286,917 lbs CO2

8,249.0 therms/gas 2009-10 99,029 lbs CO2 St Andrew's saved 187,888 lbs CO2

OR15.3 20 mpg cars

taken off the road (12,000 miles/year) all yearOR

about 13,152 NE treeswhich is about 18.8 acres of trees

Massachusetts Interfaith Power and Light Holy Trinity Armenian Apostolic Church, Cambridge, MA

Holy Trinity was an early adopter of in-floor radiant heating. Built in 1959, the structure had in-floor radiant in its Sanctuary and the lower level hall and classrooms. By monitoring its utility use (including water), the congregation realized that water use was going up, with no good explanation. With the help of good forensic engineers, they concluded that there was a leak in the heating system. It was traced to the Sanctuary. They found that the some of the steel piping used at the time was not encased in concrete, but was exposed to the soil. As a result the pipes rusted from outside in, and failed.

The congregation decided that it was important to make good decisions about the replacement system, both radiation and generation. With the help of skilled mechanical engineers and congregation members with construction knowledge, it was decided to replace the Sanctuary heating with contemporary, more reliable in-flow radiant and to replace the 1959 boiler with the most efficient available equipment.

The Sanctuary was cleared, with the placement of pews carefully plotted for replacement without penetrating any new radiation piping. Old concrete was removed. New “plastic” piping installed with distribution to

multiple loops through two manifolds, one for each side of the Sanctuary. (Photo left.) Programmable digital thermostats were installed for each heating zone in the building.

Three high efficiency (93%+) gas-fired condensing mode boilers were installed, with digital controls including one that senses outside temperature. The three boilers permit rotation, extending the life of all boilers and ensuring that the building is never without heat because of boiler failure. The boilers serve several zones, each separately controlled.

Results — The congregation reports about a 40% drop in cost for heating, and a reduction in water use. Importantly the Sanctuary reaches desired temperature in about 90 minutes, and sometimes as little as 30 minutes. Heat is even throughout the space, resulting in happy and warm worshippers.

Massachusetts Interfaith Power and Light Charles Street AME Church, Roxbury, MA

December, 2009 Taking The First Step Of The Caring for God’s Creation Faith Journey

The congregation of Charles Street AME Church is old and significant to African Americans in Boston. After the Civil War, the black population of Boston purchased the Charles Street Meeting House in 1876 in Beacon Hill. The AME congregation remained there until 1939, when it relocated to the building at Elm Hill Avenue and Warren Street in Roxbury. The congregation also owns and uses a large house, directly across the street. The building provides space for offices, programs and an apartment for a pastor.

As with most old Houses-Of-Worship and associated buildings, these buildings are energy hogs. The congregation concluded that continuing to spend money on inefficient heat, hot water and electricity-using systems was not sensible. Doing so not only meant that funds were not available for important programs of the congregation, it also meant that the impact of the inefficiency (“carbon footprint”) was contributing to a degradation of the environment. A degraded environment means an unhealthy world. Caring for the world is a faith journey, one that has many roads including the practical actions of environmental stewardship. Knowing that it would take a continuing hard work, the congregation determined that such an effort needed to have a First Step. It was decided that improving the thermal performance (“tightening up”) of the Elm Hill Avenue building was the place to start. Help was obtained from MIP&L, and from Next Step Living (“NSL”). (1-866-867-8729, www.nextsteplivinginc.com) NSL is based in Boston. NSL works with homeowners to save money on energy bills, keep homes comfortable, conserve energy and help the environment. Congregation members, MIP&L and NSL evaluated the actions needed, then put together a plan for initial beneficial actions. It was also important to do things that could involve members (especially younger members) who would then learn the “what” and “how” for their own homes. Results — The pictures on the next two pages tell the story. The First Step was a day-long Barnraising work day on December 5, 2009. The actions included reducing ways for cold air to come into the building by (1) installing interior “storm” windows, and (2) insulating the basement door, (3) lower use and cost of electricity by installing Compact Florescent Lights (“CFLs”), and (4) lowering water use and making the hot water temperature “just right” to lower cost of gas to heat the water. The MIP&L Everyday Environmental Stewardship Briefs on (1) Interior Storm Windows, (2) Thermostats and (3) CFLs are good summaries to look at. Go to the web site…

http://www.mipandl.org/ees.html

December 2009 1 5 Elm Hill Avenue

#1 — 5 Elm Hill Avenue is a 3 story + basement building, providing office, meeting and residential space.

#2 — Wood hollow-core door with 1.5” rigid insulation added. “Great Stuff” foam insulation used to seal around frame and cracks in shed over stairs down. Basement ceiling had blown insulation some years back. The objective with insulation and caulking is to “fill every hole” so that cold stays outside in winter.

#3 — Gas-fired domestic hot water (“DHW”) tank having temperature setting lowered from HIGH to LOW. DHW was tested at the kitchen sink, and measured over 150°, which is scalding. Should be at 120°, or even less if being used for children such as at a Day Care Center. The temperature setting is an easily-understood dial, and can be adjusted by just about anybody. Setting lower – and installing low-flow aerators on faucets and low-flow showerheads — means less water and less DHW, so use reduce then cost$ reduced. Adding an insulation blanket to the DHW tank can also help, even for newer DHW tanks which are better insulated than old.

#4— Pipes over boiler before (above) and after (below). Insulate heating and DHW pipes in non-occupied spaces. Get heat and domestic hot water where the people are!

December 2009 2 5 Elm Hill Avenue

#5— All basement windows now have interior “storm” window installed. This significantly improves thermal performance is this large “hole” in the wall. The cracks and voids around the windows (and especially in the ceiling above) filled by spraying “Great Stuff” foam and adding fiberglass insulation.

#6 —Interior “storm” windows are easy to make, and are light weight. Wood frame (above) is nailed together at corners. Plexiglas is cut to since at supplier. Measure carefully! It has blue wrap to keep saw dust and scratches off. Plexiglas is adhered to wood by glue and then screwed to frame. Weather stripping is then added around edge to create a good seal between this new storm window and existing window frame.

#7 — After pre-drilling holes for screws, attach window in existing window frame. Some interior “storm” windows (such as these) can stay year round. In occupied spaces where windows will be opened for circulate, remove in late-Spring and install again in mid-Fall. In occupied spaces “storms” should be painted to match window frame.

#8 — And more holes to fill, in upstairs rooms! If a pen can fit into one hole and there is a void all around, imagine how large the total “hole-in-the-wall” is!