Environmentally-FriendlyUrban Developmentin South Africa

JAPAN INTERNATIONAL

COOPERATION AGENCY

JICA Study Team:

Supported by:

August 2014

0 200km

Namibia

Botswana

Zimbabwe

Mocambique

Swaziland

Lesotho

CAPE TOWN

JOHANNESBURG

WESTERN CAPE

NORTERN CAPE

NORTH-WEST

NORTHERN

KWAZULU-NATAL

ESTERN CAPE

GAUTENG

TRANSVAAL

EASTERNTRANSVAAL

FREE STATE

BLOEMFONTEIN

PRETORIA

DURBAN

Administrative Country Capital

Judicial Country Capital

Legislative Country Capital

Province Boundary International Boundary

Major arterial road

research Area

Comprehensive solutions

Planning &Technologies

Institutional Frameworks

Financial Support

Capacity Building

Japanese enterprises

Japanese government

Mr. Shigehisa Matsumura,

JICA Study Team Leader

Survey Area

Current Issues

JohannesburgJohannesburg

Department of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Science and Technology

Cape TownCape Town

eThekwinieThekwini

Republic of South Africa which accounts for about 30% of the total GDP

in the continent of Africa plays a leading role in the African economy.

Domestically, however, South Africa is faced with a variety of urban

issues such as insubstantial infrastructure due to the rapid increase in

population, urban expansion and motorization since the end of apartheid

in 1994.

The three metropolitan areas to be covered by this study, i.e., Johannes-

burg, Cape Town and eThekwini (Durban), have seen rapid increase in

population and growth in urban areas. This results in confronting crucial

issues of urban functions, such as public transport, power and other

energy, ICT, waterworks, sewerage, waste disposal, security, or disas-

ter prevention. In particular, essential infrastructure such as power and

water are deficient in supply to the increasing demand. To address

these urban issues, the three metropolitan areas are undertaking proj-

ects on smart city, transit oriented development (TOD), etc. under the

Integrated Development Planning (IDP) formulated for the whole coun-

try in 2000.

To ensure the success of these projects, it is necessary to assess the

adaptability of various low-carbon or environmentally-friendly technolo-

gies in the projects. This study has undertaken this purpose by evaluat-

ing the adaptability of existing low-carbon and environmentally-friendly

technologies that have been developed jointly by Japanese government

and companies for sustainable urban development. Furthermore, we

hope successful experiences resulting from this study for South Africa

as an African leader may influence other African countries with regard to

environmentally-friendly urban development in the future.

JohannesburgArea: 1,645 km2Pop.: 4.44 million (2011)GDP per Capita: 17,418 USD (2012)

Cape TownArea: 2,440 km2Pop.: 3.74 million (2011)GDP per Capita: 15,721 USD (2012)

eThekwiniArea: 2,291 km2Pop.: 3.44 million (2011)GDP per Capita: 12,564 USD (2012)

Recognized through pre-survey and 2 field survey.

Directions and MeasuresProposed to solve the current issues

by 4 big categories and 37 measures.

ImplementationProposed to implement projects

by utilizing technoligies and supported

by Japanese government and enterprises.

Traffic Congestion Revitalisation of Community Safety Improvement Lack of Energy and Water

Livable &SustainableCommunity

Urban & Transportation

Water & Waste

Energy & Environment

ICT

Supportive Measures Aiming to Realize

Environmentally-Friendly Urban Development

in South Africa

Water and waste

Environment and energy

ICT

Urban transportation

Retail(on the station)

Retail(in the station)

Station

Retail Retail

Retail Retail

Retail

Office

Selection and Processing

Waste

Food Waste

Biofuel

Reuse

Recycle

Person being search for - key image

1) Featureextraction

2) Search within the cluster with a valuerepresentative of desired facial feature

3) Narrow the search from the cluster

Typical cluster (face) feature value group

Cluster (the value is close to (face) feature value group)

Search result

ICT02: Security camera

GAP Cable

Normal Cable

Safety Clearance

Directions and Measures

SOLUTIONDIRECTION

UT01:

UT02:

UT03:

UT04:

UT05:

UT06:

UT07:

Joint development with station facilities

Creating a shopping mall at Ekinaka (in-station) and

Ekiue (above-station)

Comprehensive IC card system

Smart nagivator system

Middle densification of social / affordable housing

Land readjustment project

Incentive policy for pricate development

ICT01:

ICT02:

ICT03:

ICT04:

ICT05:

Wireless broadband (replacement for light fiber)

Security camera (with face recognition function)

Remote education (electronic blackboard: starboard）Smart City infrastructure

（cross-departmental urban control system)

Data backup system in an emergency

IP01:

IP02:

IP03:

Financial support by governmental fund

(JICA, JBIC, DBSA etc.)

Establishment of institutional frameworks

Capacity building of public, private sectors

EE01:

EE02:

EE03:

EE04:

EE05:

EE06:

EE07:

EE08:

EE09:

EE10:

EE11:

Highly-efficient inverter system (energy conservation in mines)GAP cable (enhancement of transmission capacity)Underground substation equipment

(countermeasure against ash fall from wildfire）Rechargeable battery system (portable)Local grid which combines solar and wind power generation

Energy and environmental data utilization for policy and

development planning

Hybrid Design (combination of passive and active system)

Using sugar cane as biomass

Utilization of water resources

Utilizing solar energy

Guidelines for energy saving in community

WW01:

WW02:

WW03:

WW04:

WW05:

WW06:

WW07:

WW08:

WW09:

WW10:

Purification of mine wastewater by membrane treatment,

and desalination treatment of seawater

Water management system which utilizes smart meter

Pipeline investigation and correction system

Prevalence of sanitary treatment

Greywater system which utilizes rainwater (mini-reservoir)Waste separation system by separation machine

Mature compost production facilities

Waste energy recovery facilities

Highly-efficient incinerator

Waste separation and reuse system in community

ICT Planning

Energy & Environment

Electric PowerPlanning

Urban Transportation Planning

Water & Waste

Water Planning

Waste Planning

Integrated Traffic HubCreate an integrated traffic hub where users can easily transfer between railway, BRT

and other public transportation, including bus and taxi.

Compact & Mixed Use DevelopmentImprove convenience for the public transportation users and contribute to create

an energy-saving and low-carbon city by having down-sized and composite city function

centralized around the integrated traffic hub.

Safe & Livable CommunityCreate a community in peripheral area of the traffic hub where various people can live

in a safe and comfortable manner.

Traffic ManagementImplement an effective traffic management for traffic jam reduction at the hub where

various transportation modes concentrate.

PPP implementationAppropriately cooperate with private entities and implement planned guidance policies

to realize the above direction.

Water recycleIntroduce a water recycle system on a district level and a community level

to secure water source.

Water managementImplement water management for leakage rate improvement and reduction

of maintenance cost.

Distributed sewage treatmentIntroduce an independent processing system to spread sewage disposal.

3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) implementationIntroduce various techniques and technologies on a city level and a community level

for waste reduction.

Waste to EnergyPower generation by utilizing waste, etc.

Energy efficiencyIntroduce adequate technologies depending on the characteristics of each facility.

Local energy generationGenerate power by utilizing unharnessed and renewable energies, etc. depending

on the local characteristics.

ResilienceEstablish an energy system which can cope with a disaster.

Comprehensive policy planningComprehensive and practical environmental policy making based on analysis of big data.

Natural energy utilizationIntrodution of passive technologies such as utilization of natural light, wind, etc.

Local resources utilizationUtilization of natural resources as energy power.

Energy and environmental managementEncourage individual activities that lead to energy conservation such as provision of

energy-saving guidelines.

AccessibilityAchieve an easy-to-access environment for everyone by efficient and economical

infrastructure development.

Security & SafetyImprove safety and productivity in urban areas, etc. by introducing an effective and

advanced monitoring system.

Education & Skill DevelopmentImplement education and training for low-income earners, etc. in an effective manner.

Comprehensive ManagementImprove efficiency for the government by monitoring city planning and

infrastructure project in an integrated manner.

Financial supportSupport for institutional frameworksCapacity building

Energy andEnviron-mentalPlanning

Implementation Program

Proposal of Institution, Planning and Technologies

Micro Power Grid

PV panels in open space to generate power

Storagebattery

Solar water heater to supplyheat to individual houses

EE05: Local grid which combines solar and wind power generation

EE02: GAP cable

WW10: Waste separation and reuse system in community

UT02: Creating a shopping mall at Ekinaka and Ekiue

City area

CBD

Suburb

CBD typedevelopment

Suburban typedevelopment

500-600m(walkable)

BRT station

Railway station

Pow

er

Electric Power

IC Card

Railway

Railway Bus

Bus

Navigation

Suburban area

Urban area

Security

Wifi

Walkable Area

Walkable area is defined as an area within walkable distance (500-600m)

from public transportation station. Following technologies and system can

provide safe & livable environments for visitors and residents.

Wide area model (Mine and New Town)

Gold Mine

New Town

EE01: Introduction of High Efficiency inverter system

EE11: Energy efficiency guideling and area energy management

Before After

EE09: Water resources utilization

UT05: Middle densification ofsocial/affordable housing

EE02: Introduction of GAP cables

Recyled water

City

Community model

UT03: ComprehensiveIC card system

ICT01: Wireless broadband network

Station Core Area

High EfficiencyAgriculture Farm

Open Space,Community Park

Energy Infrastructure

Community pond

Community of Medium-density Housing

-Large open space, community park

-High effcientcy agriculture farm

-Efficient use of energy and water

-Low infrastructure cost

Community of Detached Houses

-Small open space

-Inefficient use of energy

-High infrastructure cost

UT04:Smart navigator system

UT06:Land readjustment project

ICT02: Security Camera(with face recognition)

EE05: Micro grid network

Affordable housing

EE10: Utilization of renewable energy

EE07: Hybrid design in each building

UT01: Joint development with station facilitiesUniversal design forstation and development

Pedestrian Deck

BRT Station

Solar Panel

Railway Station

Infrastructure

UT07: Incentive for public development (open space, pedestrian network,affordable housing, etc.)

WW05: Utilization of rainwater and greywater

Compact and Self-sustaining communityCreation of a compact and self-sustaining community

in large-scale housing development

Safe & Livable TODCreation of a safe and comfortable urban environment

centering on the railway station and BRT station

Comprehensive Solutions