environmentally superior vlgc with lpg as fuel ... · international lp gas seminar 2018 takashi...
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© 2018 MITSUBISHI SHIPBUILDING CO, LTD. All Rights Reserved.
7th March 2018
Environmentally Superior VLGC with LPG as Fuel
"Achievements and Prospectsfor the Near Future"
International LP Gas Seminar 2018
Takashi UnsekiChief Engineer, Energy & EnvironmentShip & Ocean Engineering Department
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Contents
1. Environment Issues
2. Topics of Gas Fuel
3. Comparison & Concern by Engine type
4. Fuel Price Trend
5. Future Hypothesis
6. Reference of LNG Fueled ship
7. Possibility of Gas Fuel Supply Points
8. MITSUBISHI VLGC with LPG as Fuel
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1. Environment Issue ( International Shipping) World Wide Ocean Lane Distribution
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1. Environment Issue ( International Shipping) CO2 emissions from Transportation total
amount: 22% from International Shipping:
2.2% (800 million tons)Ship has highest transport efficiency. However, its proportion can not be ignored.
If we do not take further measure, it is predicted to increased 1,200~2,800 million tons in 2050.
MARPOL ANNEX VI proposed amendment was adopted in IMO after several years of discussion, which is a regulation on CO2 emissions EEDI (Energy Efficiency Design Index) form new ship.
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1. Environment Issue (IMO Regulation)IMO Fuel-Sulfur Content LimitsIMO NOx Emission Limits
(Tier III: Only for ECA / SOx ECA )
~2016.01.01 Keel lay
Global Temperature Limit (Temp.) : To be kept well below 2 ℃, with an ambition to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 ℃ above pre-industrial levels.
Mitigation (Emissions) :GHG must peak as soon as possible and reach net Zero in the second of the century.
⇒ What Action is needed?
2020.1 Start
Global Area
SOx Emission Control Area
Sulfu
r (w
t%)
Year
UNFCCC COP21 Paris Agreement (12 Dec. 2015) Historical turning point to tackle climate change.
IMO EEDI (CO2 Emission reduction)
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Fuel-Sulfur Contents Limit by Sea Area
1. Environment Issue (SOx)
Source: (DNV GL)
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To Comply with IMO MARPOL Annex VI
ScrubberSCR Gas Engine &
Fuel Gas Supply System
Measure 1 2 3
Sulfur limit Fuel Change(MGO, LSFO)
HFO with Exhaust GasCleaning System Gas Fuel
NOx Tier-III SCR or EGR SCR or EGR
Otto Cycle Gas Engineor
Diesel Cycle Gas Engine with SCR or EGR
EGR
1. Environment Issue (Counter-measure)
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2. Topics of Gas Fuel
PropertiesHFO LNG
(Depend on production
area)
LPG(Almost equality)
In comparison with HFO
(RMH380) LNG LPG
SpecificGravity kg/m3 app 991.0 app 420 app 580 To keep same energy
supply
Weigh:Nearly equivalent
Volume:Around two (2) times, but to accommodate independent LNG tank in Ship, it will be requested three (3) times space
To keep same energy supply
Weigh:Nearly equivalent
Volume:Around one half (1.5)times, but to accommodate independent LPG tank in Ship, it will be requested two half (2.5) times space
Lower Calorificvalue
MJ/kg app 40.4 app 50 app 46
MJ/m3 app 40.0 app 21 app 27
Boilingpoint ℃ < 60 - 162 - 42
Independent tank (s) Heat Insulation BOG treatment unit
Independent pressurized normal temperature tank (s)
Neither heat insulation nor BOG treatment unit are requested
Boil Off Gas -- -- Generate
Suppressibleby normal
temperature pressurization
Sulfur % 3.5 0.0 0.0 No SOx emissions No SOx emissions
CONFIDENTIAL
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3. Comparison & Concern by Engine typeDiesel engine
LNG Fuel LPG Fuel
2 cycle 4 cycle 2 cycle
Fuel injection Gas phase direct
Gas phaseLean burn
Liquid phasedirect
Ignition method Pilot fuel injection
Gas fuel supply pressure 300 bar 16 bar 50 bar
NOx-Tier III With SCR or EGR Applicable With SCR or
EGR
Remarks -- Methane slip:1~2% --
LNG Fuel2-cycle and 4-cycle diesel engines are in service.LPG Fuel2-cycle diesel engine will be in service, applying with “Diesel” combustion method. It will be enjoyed almost same environment benefits as with LNG
Concern item on 4 stroke engine using with LPG as Fuel
1Lean-Burn "Otto"combustion
Propane gas has high risk in the knocking than Methane by better ignitability, so compression ratio should be decrease to avoid knocking, the maximum output should be de-rated under more 70 % compared to Methane engine's one.
NegativeNo news of development work.
2Direct Injection "Diesel" combustion
LPG has lower ignitability than diesel oil, therefore another igniting sauce such as pilot fuel injection will be required. But, it could not use of existent diesel oil injection system, should be developed to secure a reliability and durability.
NegativeNo news of development work.
3 Gas ReformingLPG ⇒ Methane
Propane can be reformed to Methane rich gas through gas reformer, then existent LNG DF engine have a possibility to use reformed Methane rich gas as fuel.
PositiveSeveral vendor in development.
Type of Fuel ISO specification
C Carbon[ g CO2 / t Fuel ]
Diesel / GasoilISO 8217 Grades DMX through DMC
3,206,000 (1.030)
Light Fuel Oil (LFO)
ISO 8217 Grades RMA through RMD
3,151,040 (1.012)
Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO)
ISO 8217 Grades RME through RMK
3,114,400 (1.000)
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
Propane
Butane
3,000,000
3,030.000
(0.9634)
(0.9730)Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) 2,750,000 (0.8831)
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4. Fuel Price trendPast history till 2016
Source: CIMAC2016 No.132 (DNV GL)
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5. Future Hypothesis Source: CIMAC2016 No.132 (DNV GL)
Trial Calculation Vessel : 75 LDWT P’max Tanker
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Not noticed in Big Potential on LPG as Fuel, yet !!!
5. Future Hypothesis
LNG
0.1- 0.5% MDO
~ 0.1% MDO
3.5% HFO withScrubber
3.5% HFO
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LNG Fuel Ship Operating Area (Existing)
6. Reference of Gas Fueled Ship (2017.09.01)
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112
110
112
116
76 97
46 56
25 35
105
109
5991
21
102
93 93 93 9393
77
89
5668
14
35
2115
116
116
116
116
116
116
116
116
116
112
93
In operation 116 ships
In Order 112 ships
LNG ready 93 ships
Yearly development of fleet2 32
2
3
23
3111
1
4
4
4
8 59 4
1014
12
14
17 21
34
33
11
Fleet by vessel type
LNG fueled fleet by Classification society
Comparison of LNG and Scrubber
LNG retrofit
Scrubber retrofit
LNG new build
Scrubber new build
In operation
In order
In operation
In order
6. Reference of Gas Fueled Ship (2017.09.01)
LPG Fueled Ship has big potential to become popular for various kind of shipsby its easy handling with pressurized normal temperature containment system
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7. Possibility of Gas Fuel Supply Points
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ME-LGIP
LPG FUELTANK
Conceptual view: VLGC 84,000m3
8. MITSUBISHI VLGC with LPG as Fuel
CONFIDENTIALPatent pending
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Estimated Fuel Consumption of One-round voyage《Condition》
84,000m3 VLGC Route : PG -JPN (About 6,700SM, No ECA)Engine Load: 90%, Loading : 1day ,Unloading : 2days (2 ports)LPG Fuel : As LCV Ratio
HFO:LCV=40.4 MJ/kg ,LPG:LCV=46.0 MJ/kg Pilot Fuel : abt. 4.2%
《Comparison》
Ballast
FullHFO(Current) LPG as Fuel
Fuel Consumption
HFO [t] 1,700 230
LPG [t] 0 1,290
180 180 18070 70
1,6102,230
2,890
0500
1,0001,5002,0002,5003,0003,500
HFO焚き
(Base)
LPG焚き
(Cargo Tank)
LPG焚き
(Deck Tank)
Consumption Volume [m3]
主機燃料
Pilot Fuel
補機燃料
170 170 17060 60
1,530 1,290 1,290
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
HFO焚き
(Base)
LPG焚き
(Cargo Tank)
LPG焚き
(Deck Tank)
Consumption Weight [t]
[ρ = 0.58] [ρ = 0.447]
HFO LPG LPG HFO LPG LPG
Main Engine
Pilot
Gen.Engine
8. MITSUBISHI VLGC with LPG as Fuel
CONFIDENTIALPatent pending
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1000m31000m3
LPG Service tank
P
P
P 1000m3
N2 Buffer tank
Fuel system: LPG Fuel: Deck tank 3,000m3 (PG~JPN One-round voyage) MGO
8. MITSUBISHI VLGC with LPG as Fuel
CONFIDENTIALPatent pending
FVT LFSS
Double wall LPG Fuel piping
LPG Fuel Handling room
MAN Diesel & Turbo(MES)
LPG Fuel Vent Post
LPG Deck tank (18bar)
Main Engine:ME-LGIP
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LPG Fuel Flow Diagram
Source: MAN Presentation Material
Engine Type ME-LGI ME-GI
Fuel MeOH LPG LNG
Fuel Inlet Cond Liquid Liquid Vapour
Supply Press. 8 bar 50 bar 300 bar
Injection Press. 550 bar 600 bar 300 bar
8. MITSUBISHI VLGC with LPG as Fuel
LPG Fuel tank
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LPG Fuel, Deck tanks and/or combination with the cargo
P
P
P
High press. Manifold
P
Service TK
Re-liq..
Deck TK
P
P
Service TK
Re-liq.
Boost PP & HTR
Cargo PP
Cargo PP
Cargo Manifold
Cargo Manifold
Case-1
Case-2
M/E
M/E
P
Boost PP & HTR
CONFIDENTIAL
LPG Fuel consumptionAG-JPN one round:
abt 3,000m3
On Deck Fuel LPG tank
Cargo tank
Cargo for Fuel
1
Independent LPG Fuel Deck Tank
3,000 m3 84,000 m3 -
Pros✔ No influence on Cargo capacity✔ Decrease of Oil bunkering frequency
⇒ Increase of voyage frequency
Concern✔ Exclusive High pressure bunkering facility✔ On deck boost pumping system if high
pressure bunkering facility is not available
2
Usage of Cargo LPG as fuel
- 81,000 m3 (3,000 m3)
Pros✔ Not required high pressure bunkering facility ✔ Decrease of Oil bunkering frequency
⇒ On a parity with Cargo transport per year
Concern
✔ On deck boost pumping system✔ Cargo volume will change depends on fuel
consumption✔ Accuracy of Cargo unloading metering✔ Consider the Cargo tank volume enlarge✔ Deck tank as a buffer use for cargo
change, dry dock preprocessing, etc.
8. MITSUBISHI VLGC with LPG as Fuel
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8. MITSUBISHI VLGC with LPG as FuelA) Great reduce the workload on ship’s crew using with LPG as Fuel
No fuel heating/purification requested, means no sludge treatment system and it’s no cleaning work, otherwise no incineration work will be required.
Easy handling fuel containment system by independent pressurized normal temperature tank (s), neither heat insulation nor BOG treatment unit are requested compared to LNG one.
B) Fuel LPG Specification for MAN ME-LGIP engines ME-LME-LGIP engine can be drive by both pure Propane and pure
Butane and any mix between them with up to 25mol% Ethane can be used in the ME-LGIP engine without need for modification, and also it can change during engine running condition.
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Points to Overcome Revised IGC Code Chapter 16 Use of Cargo as Fuel
16.9 Alternative fuels (other than natural gas) ;
LPG is heavier than air.
・2 Stroke Engine(Liquid Injection)
Liquefied Gas Fuel Supply ・LPG Fuel in Liquid Phase
・Supply Pressure 50bar
≪Requirements (LNG Fuel)≫ ≪Difference in case of LPG Fuel≫
『may be used as fuel, providing that the same level of safety as natural gas in this Code is ensured. 』
① Arrangements
② Purging
③ Ventilation
④ Leak Detection
Consultation and Risk Assessmentwith Class
ObscurityRequirements
8. MITSUBISHI VLGC with LPG as Fuel
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Sec. Ref. Items Contents
16.9 Alternative fuels and technologies
16.9.1 Use other fuel than LNG may be used, providing that the same level of safety as LNG in this Code is ensured
16.9.3 Fuel Supply System shall comply with the requirements of 16.4.1, 16.4.2, 16.4.3 and 16.5 as applicable …
16.4.1.1 Fuel gas Pipe arrangements
Fuel piping shall not pass through accommodation spaces, service spaces, electrical equipment rooms or control stations. The routing of the pipeline shall take into account potential hazards, due to mechanical damage, in areas such as stores or machinery handling areas.
16.4.1.2 Provisions for inerting andgas-freeing
Provision shall be made for inerting and gas-freeing that portion of the gas fuel piping systems located in the machinery space.
16.4.2 Leak Detection Shut down the gas fuel supply in case of leak detection
16.4.3 Routing of fuel supply pipes1. a double-wall design 2. with mechanical exhaust ventilation having a capacity of at least 30 air changes per hour (Ref. Chap. 12 for Ventilation)
16.5 Gas fuel plant and related storage tanks Requirements of location for the systems of gas fuel handling
16.9.4 Liquefied gas fuel supply system shall comply with 16.4.5(Gas consumer isolation)
16.9.5 Additional requirements for Ventilation
In addition to the requirements of 16.4.3.2, both ventilation inlet and outlet shall be in a non-hazardous area external to the machinery space
8. MITSUBISHI VLGC with LPG as FuelPoints to Overcome Revised IGC Code Chapter 16 Use of Cargo as Fuel
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(MAN Diesel & Turbo)
Engine inlet condition: 0~50℃ LNG ⇒ 300bar (Supercritical) LPG ⇒ 50bar (Liquid phase)
FixSupport
FlexibleSupport
8. MITSUBISHI VLGC with LPG as FuelPoints to Overcome Revised IGC Code Chapter 16 Use of Cargo as Fuel
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Risk Assessment (HAZID) :National Maritime Research Institute Class NK AIP
Points to Overcome Revised IGC Code Chapter 16 Use of Cargo as Fuel
CONFIDENTIAL
8. MITSUBISHI VLGC with LPG as Fuel
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Load MAP for Reduction of GHG
Weather routing/Toughness at Sea
Conventional Technologies improve (Hull form, Propeller design etc.)
Gas Fuel/Low-Flash point Fuel Propulsion Plant
High Efficiency Power Plant/Heat Recovering System
Less
GH
G
Year
Renewal Energy : Solar Power, Wind, Wave
Low Friction Resistance Technologies
2010 2015 2020
Non Fossil Fuel/Bio Fuel Propulsion Plant
Zero Emission
2025