enzymes, nature’s catalyst lecture #2 proteins amino acids nucleotides all enzymes are proteins,...
Post on 22-Dec-2015
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Enzymes, Nature’s Catalyst
Lecture #2
Proteins amino acids nucleotides
All enzymes are proteins, but not all proteins are enzymes
Where are enzymes used?
Foods: baked goods, brewing, coffee, ice cream, milk, cheese, meats
Non-Food: Detergent, leather, photography, environment, paper, rubber
Disease/Disorders: myocardial infarction, liver disease, muscle diseases
ENZYMES
Enzymes enables molecules, called substrates, to undergo a chemical change to form new substances, called products.
Substrates, a molecule on which an enzyme acts on
Active site, region on which the substrate binds
substrate
products
enzyme
Reaction (rxn)
Active site
Pg. 166
Lock & Key Analogy
enzymesubstrate
Key fits lock-turns it—thus opening the door for rxn to proceed
Lockkey
Example of Enzyme reaction Enzyme –sucrase end with -ase Substrate - sucrose Products – glucose &
fructose
Glucose + Fructose Sucrose
sucrose
Glucose & Fructose
sucrase
reaction
Active site
Enzymes, Nature’s Catalyst
Catalyst promotes a reaction between other chemicals by reducing the energy required to activate a reaction
Eg. Enzymes, Temperature, pH, salt concentrations
Enzyme Activation Vs. Inhibition
Competitive Inhibitors: Competes with normal substrate, for active site
Normal substrate
Slow down or stops reaction
Temperature Effects
Most animal enzymes rapidly become denatured at temps above 40degC
pH Effects
Enzymes are affected by changes in pH
Optimum pH is the most favorable pH where an enzyme is most active
So…
All proteins are enzymes, but not all enzymes are proteins
NO!!!
All enzymes are proteins, but not all proteins are enzymes