Effects on EnzymesEnzymes Notes: Part II

Enzymes and their EnvironmentAll enzymes have an ideal environment that they function in

Think of them as organisms adapted to their specific environment and nicheWho would survive better in Antarctica, a polar bear or a camel?What enzyme would be more effective in an acidic environment,

a protease in your stomach or amylase in your mouth?

What effects enzymes?TemperaturepHEnzyme/Substrate Concentration

DenaturingWhen an enzyme loses its structure and becomes non-

functional due to drastic changes in temperature or pH

TemperatureEvery enzyme has an ideal temperature

range that it functions inOutside of this range, the enzyme may

become denatured

Enzymes in the Human Body

pHWhat is pH?

Measure of acidic or basic a solution is

pH and EnzymesEvery enzyme has an ideal pH range it is

used to working in based on its environmentOutside of this range, it can become

denatured

Enzymes in the Human Body

pH ScaleLet’s learn more about the pH Scale!

http://www.brainpop.com/science/matterandchemistry/phscale/

ConcentrationHow much stuff (solute) is dissolved in a

certain amount of solution (solvent)How much enzyme and substrate there are

in a solution can effect how productive the enzyme is

ConcentrationIf enzyme concentration is kept constant,

and substrate levels are increased, then, the reaction rate will increase until it reaches its maximum level

Enzyme Denaturation Review!http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3IL_Df5ou

Uc

http://www.kscience.co.uk/animations/model.swf

Enzyme Concentration Review!

Do NowIdentify the BEST pH for the following three

enzymes and identify what pH ranges they would become denatured.

Example Questions!Which of the following most accurately

represents the effects of temperature on enzyme reactions in humans?

Example Questions!Which of the

following most accurately represents the effects of temperature on enzyme reactions in a thermophilic bacteria?

Example Questions!The reaction catalyzed by the bacterial enzyme ß-galactosidase forms a dark-

colored end-product when the cells are grown on a particular agar medium. As more product is formed, the cells become darker. Students performed an experiment to determine the optimum pH for activity of this enzyme. Their results are shown in the illustration of bacterial colonies below.

Based on these data, the students should conclude that ß-galactosidase functions best at which pH?A. 5 B. 7 C. 9 D. 11

Example Questions!All of the following statements are true

about enzymes EXCEPT:A. Enzymes are specific to one substrate and

reactionB. Once enzymes are used once, they can be

used over and over againC. Enzymes raise the activation energy of a

reactionD. Enzymes speed up the rate of reactionsE. Temperature and pH changes can cause

enzymes to lose their function