eoc practice subject: science, grade: hs, year created

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EOC Practice Subject: Science, Grade: HS, Year Created: 2017

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Test

1) A cell uses an enzyme to copy a strand of DNA. The process requires energy. Which reaction equation shows how the enzyme obtains the energyneeded?

CO + H O glucose2 2

glucose CO + H O2 2

ADP + phosphate ATP

ATP ADP + phosphate

2) Use the graph to answer the question.

Enzymes are involved in chemical reactions within cells. The graph shows the results of an investigation of a reaction that occurs in the humanbody. According to the graph, what when the enzyme is present?increases

the temperature required for the reaction

the rate of the reaction

the energy released by the reaction

the activation energy for the reaction

3) A student designed an experiment to determine how the concentration of an enzyme affected the rate of a reaction. She measured the rate of thereaction in test tubes with five different enzyme concentrations. She kept the other quantities and substances and the temperature the same foreach test tube. To improve the experiment, the student should have

allowed each test tube to react at a different temperature.

run one test tube with no enzyme but all other factors the same.

chosen a fixed reaction time and adjusted the quantity of enzyme to match the reaction time.

designed an experiment with more clearly defined independent and dependent variables.

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4) Use the pedigree to answer the question.

Hurler’s syndrome results from a specific enzyme deficiency caused by a defective gene. According to this pedigree, which relatives of the childwith Hurler’s must be carriers of the defective gene?

both parents

the father and his father

both grandmothers

the mother and her mother

5) Which organic structure could be an example of an enzyme?

a ribosomal subunit

a membrane protein

a membrane-bound organelle

a single amino acid

6) Different substances enter and leave a cell using different transportation methods. Which statement explains one way that active transport differsfrom passive transport methods?

Active transport can move substances from outside the cell to the inside.

Active transport requires less energy to move substances through the cell membrane.

Active transport can move substances from areas of lower to higher concentrations.

Active transport occurs without ATP, as long as the lipid bilayers are intact.

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7) Four students made models of material exchange in cells by using a semipermeable membrane to represent the cell membrane. All the studentsused different solutes. The diagrams illustrate the concentration of the solutes at the beginning of the experiment and after an hour. Which diagram

illustrates a solute that would require active transport to pass through a cell membrane?best

8) Darnell views living red blood cells on a slide in a microscope. He adds a drop of a 10% salt solution to generate a hypertonic environment. Whichstatement describes what happens to the red blood cells?best

The cells swell because water moves into the cells.

The cells shrink because water moves into the cells.

The cells swell because water moves out of the cells.

The cells shrink because water moves out of the cells.

9) Louisiana’s state tree is the bald cypress. In the southern coastal areas of Louisiana, there are “ghost swamps” full of dead bald cypress trees. Inmost cases, these are wetlands that have been repeatedly flooded by water from the Gulf of Mexico because the land is subsiding. The seedlingsof other trees, such as the Chinese tallow tree, appear to be bald cypress seedlings in these swamps. Which factor limits the naturalout-competing reforestation of the bald cypress in the ghost swamps?

the availability of oxygen

the presence of salt water

the shade of older trees

the lack of water

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10) Use the diagram to answer the question.

A small child puts much more food in an aquarium than the fish are able to eat. What chemical product will quickly build up in the water?most

ammonium

carbon dioxide

nitrites

nitrates

11) Use the picture to answer the question.

The picture shows a cypress forest in Louisiana. Cypress trees are unusual because they can survive standing in shallow water. Which humanaction would help a cypress forest ecosystem?most likely

cutting and removing dead trees and fallen logs

introducing new plants and animals to increase biodiversity

preventing pollutants from entering the water

draining the extra water to allow tree roots to get more air

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12) A certain type of pesticide degrades very slowly when it enters the environment. Because the pesticide is fat soluble, it is insoluble in water. Thispesticide was used on a farm before heavy rains caused runoff into a nearby lake. Which statement describes the effect on variousmost likely lake organisms?

Algae will die because they will be the first to ingest the pesticide in its most concentrated form.

Zooplankton will not be affected, because algae will break down the pesticide.

Small fish will have low levels of the pesticide because it will become less concentrated as it moves through the food chain.

Large fish will have high levels of the pesticide because it will become more concentrated as it moves through the food chain.

13) Roger decides to go for a swim in cold water. Which change in his body will help Roger maintain homeostasis in terms of body temperature?

an increase in respiration rate

a decrease in blood flow to his hands and feet

an increase in blood flow to his skin

a decrease in heart rate

14) The water in municipal water supplies is treated with chlorine because

untreated water can carry disease-causing organisms and make people sick.

people need to consume small amounts of chlorine to stay healthy.

chlorine helps the body to better absorb the water and stay hydrated.

untreated water is more likely to cause allergic reactions or asthma.

15) The water cycle is driven by energy from the Sun. Which process in the water cycle is caused by the Sun’s energy?directly

evaporation

precipitation

condensation

infiltration

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16) Bullfrogs lay their eggs in freshwater ponds. Each egg is in its own case, which consists of a thin membrane and a substance around thejelly-like embryo. Which graph shows the change in the average weight of a cluster of bullfrog eggs as a result of a saltwater intrusion intomost likely the pond?

17) Hydrogen peroxide (H O ) normally breaks down very slowly at room temperature to form water (H O) and oxygen . Lashonda fell down and2 2 2 (O )2cut her knee. She put a solution of hydrogen peroxide on the cut. She noticed that the hydrogen peroxide on the cut started to bubble, but thehydrogen peroxide on the skin next to the cut was unchanged. Which statement explains Lashonda’s observations?best

Heat from the cut increased the rate of the breakdown of the hydrogen peroxide.

Enzymes in the cut increased the rate of the breakdown of the hydrogen peroxide.

Oxygen in the cut increased the rate of the breakdown of the hydrogen peroxide.

Water in the cut was released and increased the rate of the breakdown of the hydrogen peroxide.

18) A student notices that transferring onion cells from freshwater to a 15% saltwater solution causes a change in the shape of the cells. Whichstatement explains this change?best

The cells expand as water enters them.

The cells shrivel as water moves out of them.

The cells die because the cell walls break.

The cells die because the pores in the cell membrane get blocked.

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Mosquito larvae are usually found at the surface of shallow, still water. They hang upside down, feeding on passing protozoa, bacteria, and floatingalgae. They do not have gills, so they use a siphon to get air. A shadow passing over the water will cause the larvae to quickly dive and then slowlyrise to the top. How does this diving behavior benefit mosquitoes?

Movement stirs up more food in the water.

More food is available on the bottom.

The larvae avoid some predators.

More larvae are able to find mates.

20) Nitrogen fertilizer is used to increase the growth of farm plants. If too much fertilizer is used, it can run off of farms and into streams and lakes.What is the most common effect of nitrogen runoff on freshwater ecosystems?

It increases the growth of algae, improving the ecosystem by providing increased food for insects and fish.

It increases the growth of algae, whose decomposition decreases dissolved oxygen levels, harming insects and fish.

It harms the gills of fish and insects, making these animals unable to absorb enough oxygen.

It causes growth and reproduction of microorganisms that cause disease in insects and fish.

21) Use the reaction equation to answer the question.

H O O 2 2 ( l ) 2 ( g ) + H O2 ( l )

This reaction equation represents the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into oxygen gas and water. This reaction normally occurs slowly at roomtemperature but speeds up significantly when catalase is added to the hydrogen peroxide. Based on this information, which type of molecule iscatalase?

disaccharide

enzyme

lipid

DNA

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The picture shows some red onion cells in a salt solution. A studentimmerses the cells in distilled water, waits for half an hour, and thenobserves the cells under a microscope. Which picture shows how thecells appear?most likely


The diagram shows ways in which nitrogen cycles through a terrestrial ecosystem. Specialized bacteria that live in root nodules of plants calledlegumes convert nitrogen gas in the air into ions. What contribution to the nitrogen cycle do these bacteria make?water-soluble

converting nitrogen to a form that is useful to animals

converting nitrogen to a form that is useful to plants

transferring nitrogen from plants to the soil

transferring nitrogen from decomposed materials in soil to plant roots

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24) Use the diagrams to answer the question.

In each diagram, the green bar represents a cell membrane, and the triangles represent molecules of a substance dissolved in water. Whichdiagram correctly shows the direction of the net flow of across the membrane, given the relative concentrations of solute in that diagram?water

diagram 1 diagram 3

diagram 2 diagram 4

25) Use the table to answer the question.

Common Third-World Diseases

Disease InfectionAgent

TransmissionMethod

EntryMethod

cholera feces contaminated food or

watermouth tointestine

hepatitis A,viral

feces contaminated food orwater

mouth tointestine

typhoidfever

feces andurine

contaminated food orwater

mouth tointestine

In some third-world communities, all three diseases listed in the table are found in a significant percentage of the people. Which method of diseaseavoidance would protect the people in these communities?best

drinking only bottled water disposing of human waste properly

cooking meat thoroughly using good daily oral hygiene

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26) The quality of water can be determined to some degree by the types of organisms that live in the water. Some organisms are able to live in waterthat is poor in quality, while others cannot. Students made a collection of organisms from a particular stream. Snails with gills were absent from thecollection, whereas snails with lungs were found feeding on water plants at the surface. What does this sample indicate about the water?

Little food is present in the water.

Little light is present in the water.

The water is low in oxygen.

The water is low in carbon dioxide.

27) The color of the flesh of a type of watermelon depends on a single gene. The allele for red (R) is completely dominant to the allele for orange (r).What are the expected results of a cross between two red heterozygous (Rr) watermelons?

all red offspring

one red for every three orange offspring

one orange for every three red offspring

all orange offspring

28) Which process releases water into the atmosphere?

absorption

transpiration

condensation

precipitation


A large ranch became infested by a new weed that had no naturalpredators. This weed was unusually good at competing with otherplants for water, light, and nutrients. The graph shows the percent ofthe land infested by the weed for the first twelve years after its arrival.In year twelve, scientists introduced a new insect onto the ranch. Theinsect specialized in eating the stems and roots of the weed. Whichgraph best predicts how the insect would affect themost likely population of the weed on the ranch?

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30) Many invasive plants and animals have been introduced into the United States over the years. Zebra mussels, which first appeared in this countryin 1988, live in freshwater rivers and lakes. It is estimated that businesses, industries, and municipalities along the Great Lakes and on theMississippi River spend $24 million per year removing zebra mussels. What is the reason for removing the zebra mussels?main

to move the zebra mussels to a more suitable habitat

to prevent further damage by the zebra mussels

to protect the zebra mussels from predators

to create more complex ecosystems in other areas

31) Water hyacinth ( ) is an example of a plant species that was introduced into this country without any natural enemies. Its typicalEichornia crassipes habitats are bogs, marshes, and around lakes. What is the impact of this plant on marsh ecosystems?most likely

It crowds out native plants.

It provides additional food for herbivores.

It increases the number of marsh animals.

It causes bogs and lakes to fill in more quickly.

32) Differentiation in embryos causes unspecialized cells to become specialized. In the late 1800s, Hans Driesch separated the cells of sea urchinembryos in the . He found that the separated cells could develop into two smaller, but otherwise normal, larvae. Which conclusion2-cell stage about sea urchin development is supported by his results?

Differentiation is controlled by the nucleus in each cell of the .2-cell stage

Differentiation in the embryo must occur sometime after the .2-cell stage

Differentiation in the larval stage is slower than in the .2-cell stage

Differentiation is a function of a hormone released by each cell.

33) The contraction of muscle cells requires the chemical breakdown of ATP into ADP, which releases energy. What type of compound lowers theactivation energy required to start the breakdown of ATP?

a nucleic acid

a lipid

an enzyme

a simple sugar

34) Cells often have to move molecules across the cell membrane from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, a process thatrequires cells to expend energy. Which type of material movement is involved in this process?

osmosis

diffusion

active transport

facilitated diffusion

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The picture shows the 8-cell stage in the development of a rat embryo. A researcher will compare the proteins found in the cells of the embryo.Which results are from this comparison?most likely

The proteins are very similar to each other from one cell tothe next.

The cells can be divided into two equal groups, with similarproteins only among the cells in each group.

The proteins in each of the cells are distinct from those in each ofthe other cells.

The cells can be divided into two unequal groups, with similarproteins only among the cells in each group.

36) During which process does a cell convert ADP to ATP?

capturing energy that was previously contained in a sugar molecule

using energy to build a new protein

making an RNA molecule from a DNA template

moving water from one side of a membrane to the other

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37) Use the drawing to answer the question.

A transport protein in a cell actively transports a molecule across the cell membrane as shown. Which chemical provides the energy for thisprocess?

ADP

ATP

sugar

amino acid


The diagram shows a simplified part of the human immune response system. This immune response system is based on differentcell-mediated types of specialized cells. Which type of cells trigger the immune response based on killer ?T-cells

antigen-presenting cells inactive killer T-cells

inactive helper T-cells active killer T-cells

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39) Which statement describes a property of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?both

ATP is produced by mitochondria.

Proteins are produced by ribosomes.

DNA is in the form of a loop.

DNA is surrounded by a membrane.


Functions of the Immune System

Part ofImmuneSystem

Function

bone marrow produce the various cells used by the immune

system

lymph nodes filter foreign material from lymph; use toT-cells

initiate an immune response

spleen filters foreign material from the blood; activates some

types of immune system cells

thymus converts lymphocytes in the blood into thymocytes,

which mature into T-cells that activate other whiteblood cells

Which part of the immune system is required for the other parts to complete their functions?

bone marrow spleen

lymph nodes thymus

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Comparison of Diets for Deer and Coyotes

Animal Diet Ease of Digestion

deer leaves, twigs, bark, grass difficult to digest

coyote animals, insects, carrion, fruit easy to digest

The table compares the types of foods eaten by deer and coyotes, and the ease with which these foods are digested. Given this information, whichstatement predicts how the bodies of deer and coyotes differ from each other?best

Deer will grow more and stronger teeth than coyotes.

Deer will use less energy than coyotes.

Deer will have a longer, more complex gastrointestinal tract than coyotes.

Deer will have larger, more complex kidneys and livers than coyotes.

42) Enzymes perform important functions within cells. What is one example of a function performed by an enzyme?

joining with other enzymes to form a membrane

storing the instructions for making a protein

breaking a starch into simple sugars

storing and transporting energy for use during chemical reactions

43) Embryonic stem cells are stem cells from a four- or five-day-old embryo that is called a blastocyst. Embryonic stem cells are considered to bepluripotent because they can differentiate into numerous cell types, such as blood, brain, or muscle cells. How are adult body cells different fromembryonic stem cells?

Adult body cells are unable to replicate

Adult body cells have lost some chromosomes.

Adult body cells have specialized into particular types of cells.

Adult body cells can change into only one or two other cell types.

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Diseases That Show Symptoms on the Skin

Disease Cause Symptom

shingles virus pain and skin rash

hemophilia gene cuts don’t stop bleeding

impetigo bacterium blisters on skin

ringworm fungus reddish ring on skin

Some diseases are communicable and can be transferred directly or indirectly from host to host. Other diseases are . Whichnoncommunicable disease listed in the table is ?noncommunicable

shingles impetigo

hemophilia ringworm

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Three women are identified as being at risk of serious disease. All three are about forty-five years old, smoke, get minimal exercise, and eat a dietrich in sugar and fat with few fruits and vegetables. The three women make the lifestyle changes shown in the table. Their weight, heart rate, andblood pressure are measured before and after they make these lifestyle changes. Which statement summarizes the health and longevitybest effects of the lifestyle changes they made?

Only woman 3 improved her health because she was the only oneto quit smoking.

Women 1 and 3 improved their health, but woman 2 did notimprove her health, because her weight, heart rate, and bloodpressure were already healthy.

Only woman 1 improved her health because she was the only oneto lose weight.

All three women improved their health, but woman 3 improved herhealth the most by quitting smoking and starting to exercise.


This diagram shows a cross section of a developing mouse embryo. A single cell is removed at this stage and provided with nutrients. Can thissingle cell still form a new embryo?

Yes, because every cell in any mouse embryo can develop into anew mouse.

No, because every cell in any mouse embryo is unique andspecialized.

Yes, because the mouse embryo has not started to developspecialized organs.

No, because the cells in the mouse embryo have started todifferentiate into specialized tissues.

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47) Mitochondria are cell organelles. They contain their own DNA. The function of this DNA is to

provide structural support for the mitochondria.

transport energy-rich molecules into the mitochondria.

release extra energy for the mitochondria.

direct the production of proteins within the mitochondria.

48) What must a cell produce to make large amounts of a particular protein?

many mRNA copies of the DNA for a single gene

many mRNA copies of the DNA for all the genes in a chromosome

many ribosomes specialized to make that particular protein

many tRNA molecules specialized to make that particular protein


A student drew a Venn diagram to show the three kingdoms of multicellular organisms. In the center of the diagram, the student wants to insert acharacteristic the three kingdoms have in common. Which characteristic should the student use?

ingest food

sessile bodies

photosynthetic

eukaryotic

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50) Use the equation to answer the question.

This equation shows the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis. Which equation shows how plants release energy for cellular processes?

C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O 6O 2 + energy

6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + 6O 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 + energy

6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 + energy

C 6 H O12 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + energy

51) Which cellular organelle is described as a factory that builds proteins?best

chloroplast

lysosome

nucleus

ribosome


Scientists believe that mammals evolved from reptiles. Monotremes resulted from an early branching in the evolution of mammals. Which fossilevidence would further support the scientists’ belief that modern mammals evolved from reptiles?

evidence that fossil monotremes and early mammals had similarjaw and earbone structures

evidence that fossil monotremes, reptiles, and placental mammalsall can be found in the same rock layers on some continents

evidence that the first fossil monotremes appear in older rocklayers than the first fossil placental mammals

evidence that fossil forms of monotremes were once morewidespread and diverse than modern monotremes

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53) Silkworms are caterpillars that produce large quantities of proteins in order to spin silk cocoons. Cells in the caterpillar's salivary glands produce theprotein chains that make up silk. Which cellular component increases in the salivary gland cells as the silk proteins are synthesized?

DNA

RNA

nuclei

vacuoles

54) A human cell is infected with a virus. How does the immune system act to destroy the infected cell?

Antibodies puncture the cell membrane of the infected cell.

T-cells destroy the infected cell and any viruses it contains.

B-cells release toxic compounds into the infected cell.

Macrophages label the infected cell, and neutrophils destroy it.

55) Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes chicken pox in children. Long ago, parents would take their uninfected children to the home of someone whohad chicken pox; once the children had the disease, they were immune to reinfection. Unfortunately, many older adults develop shingles if they hadchicken pox when they were children and the VZV hiding in their nerve cells becomes active again. Which treatment can provide immunity to VZVwithout causing chicken pox?

an herbal analgesic

an antihistamine

a vaccine

an anti-inflammatory

56) The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infects and uses the structures to replicate itself, destroying the cells in the process.T-cells T-cells’ Which statement is supported by the replication requirements of HIV?

Viruses are not considered to be living.

Viruses are a common cause of genetic change in cells.

Viruses are one of the building blocks of new cells.

Viruses are one of the basic units of organisms.

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Fan Speed and Sponge Mass

Fan Speed

Off

Low

Medium High

Mass of drysponge (mg) 150 150 150 150

Mass of spongewith water (mg) 500 500 500 500

Mass of spongeafter 10 minutes (mg) 450 400 290 190

Some students were studying different parts of the water cycle. They used sponges to model water in soil. They cut out four identical small piecesof sponge, added water, and put each piece in front of a fan. The table shows the results of their investigation. Which conclusion is valid?most

The higher the wind speed, the faster water will condense in soil. Wind contributes less than sunlight to the water cycle.

The rate of evaporation from soil increases with the speed ofthe wind.

Precipitation is more likely when the wind speeds are low.

58) Which statement correctly describes how DNA differs from RNA?

DNA has two strands.

DNA codes for proteins.

DNA forms ribosomal subunits.

DNA has a sugar-phosphate backbone.

59) Which aspect of DNA is considered the strongest supporting evidence for the theory of evolution?

the double-helix shape of DNA found in some frozen mammoths

the similarity of DNA among very different species

the control of protein synthesis by DNA

the replication of DNA during mitosis

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60) All living organisms must have phosphorus to make ATP, DNA, RNA, and cellular membranes. What is the source of phosphorus in aoriginal terrestrial ecosystem?

animals

plants

rocks

water


Some scientists have studied the evolution of social behavior in wasps. The original model of wasp evolution was based on thebasic shape of the wasps and patterns of social behavior. The original model proposed that social behavior evolved once andtherefore all three social wasps are closely related. Research based on similarities in DNA sequences suggested a differentmodel. The new model shows that social behavior has evolved twice. Why would scientists want to switch to the new model?

DNA isstrongersupportingevidencethan bodyshape.

It is easier touse DNA toidentify thewasps thanit is to usebody shape.

The newsystem fitsbetter withthe theory ofevolution.

The newsystembetter showsthe waspbehavior.

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The diagram shows the first few steps of meiosis. Which picture shows the step of this process?final

63) Use the pedigree chart to answer the question.

The pedigree chart shows the appearance of a trait in several human generations. Which inheritance pattern does this trait follow?

autosomal dominant

autosomal recessive

sex-linked dominant

sex-linked recessive

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This pedigree chart shows a small part of a family tree of Martin Fugate, who moved to the hills of Kentucky in the 1700s. Some family membershad white skin, while others had skin due to a hereditary condition known as methemoglobinemia. Based on the pedigree chart, whatblue-tinted type of gene is responsible for this condition?

sex-linked recessive gene

sex-linked dominant gene

simple recessive gene

simple dominant gene


The pedigree chart shows the appearance of a trait in several human generations. Which description correctly classifies the inheritance pattern ofthis trait?

autosomal dominant

autosomal recessive

sex-linked dominant

sex-linked recessive

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The pedigree chart shows the appearance of a trait in several human generations. Based on the information in the pedigree chart, which fact aboutthe inheritance pattern of this trait be true?must

The trait is dominant.

The trait is recessive.

The trait is sex-linked.

The trait is autosomal.

67) All children born with a certain lethal genetic disease die within a few years of birth. Nonetheless, the disease continues to occur within humanpopulations. What is the explanation of this fact?most likely

The mutation for the disease continually recurs in human populations.

People with the allele for the disease mate randomly with people with and without the allele.

The disease is caused by a dominant allele; therefore, if one chromosome has the allele, the person will have the disease.

Parents can be carriers of the disease without being affected by the disease; therefore, the allele stays in the population.

68) In guinea pigs, black hair (B) is dominant to white hair (b). If a heterozygous black guinea pig is crossed with a white guinea pig, which genotypicratio is expected?

0BB : 2Bb : 2bb

1BB : 2Bb : 1bb

2BB : 0Bb : 2bb

2BB : 2Bb : 0bb

69) In pea plants, tall (T) is dominant and short (t) is recessive. A homozygous dominant pea plant is crossed with a heterozygous pea plant. What arethe expected genotypes of the offspring?

100% Tt

75% TT and 25% Tt

50% TT and 50% Tt

25% TT, 50% Tt, and 25% tt

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70) Convergent evolution is the development of body structures that have similar functions but have evolved independently. Which pair of structures illustrates convergent evolution?best

the paw of a grizzly bear and the paw of a polar bear

the tail of a great white shark and the tail of a blue whale

the neck bones of a giraffe and the neck bones of a cat

the tail of a crocodile and the tail of a horse


The diagram shows fossil leg bones of horses from (55 million years ago) to (modern horse). Which evidence from theseHyracotherium Equus fossils supports the theory of evolution?best

The fossils were all from animals that lived on grassy plains. The fossils all have toe structures analogous to those of otheranimals.

The fossils show multiple branches of the family tree. The fossils show a series of intermediate stages from earliest tolatest.

72) Which fact about proteins provides evidence for the theory of evolution?

Protein structures are determined by DNA, which is passed from one generation to another.

Proteins do a wide variety of necessary tasks within cells, and life could not exist without them.

Proteins are most similar among closely related organisms, and certain proteins have similar roles in many types of organisms.

Protein structures can range from simple to very complex, depending on the task they need to perform and the complexity of the organism.

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73) Use the picture and key to answer the question.

The dichotomous key distinguishes between a few types of Louisiana trees. According to the key, which type of tree is shown in the picture?

Acer rubrum Betula nigra

Fraxinus pennsylvanica Cercis canadensis

74) Use the pictures to answer the question.

The pictures show organisms that represent two different taxonomic kingdoms. Which statement correctly compares the organisms in thesetwo kingdoms?

All members of kingdom 2 can move in their adult forms, while members of kingdom 1 cannot.

All members of kingdom 2 show radial (circular) symmetry, whereas members of kingdom 1 can have various or no symmetry.

All members of kingdom 1 have cell walls, whereas no members of kingdom 2 have cell walls.

All members of kingdom 1 consume other organisms for energy, while some members of kingdom 2 produce their own food.

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75) Around 1980, scientists proposed a classification system that set up six kingdoms, including Archaebacteria and Eubacteria. What is a keydifference between species in these two kingdoms?

Archaebacteria can survive in extreme environments that eubacteria cannot tolerate.

Eubacteria are relatively large single-celled organisms compared with archaebacteria.

Archaebacteria live in colonies, while eubacteria live as separate cells.

Eubacteria are eukaryotes, while archaebacteria are prokaryotes.


is a genus of very simple organisms in the kingdom Protista. is a genus of very simple organisms in the kingdom Animalia.Chlamydomonas Hydra Which statement correctly describes a basic difference in the life cycles of these two organisms?

Only the has a diploid zygote.Chlamydomonas Only the reproduces both sexually and asexually.Chlamydomonas

Only the has haploid adults.Chlamydomonas Only the produces 1N sex cells from a 2N adult.Chlamydomonas

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The diagram shows the life cycle of moon jellies. How is the life cycle of moon jellies different from the life cycle of vertebrates, such as humans?

Moon jelly larvae develop from fertilized eggs. Moon jellies at different life stages require different environmentalconditions to survive.

Moon jelly adults produce eggs and sperm. The moon jelly life cycle involves both asexual and sexualreproduction.

78) Smallpox is a highly contagious viral disease that killed many people until its recent eradication. In the late 1700s, a country doctor namedEdward Jenner learned that people who had been infected with a similar, but milder, disease called cowpox never got smallpox. Cowpox acts as avaccine against smallpox. How does cowpox protect people from the smallpox virus?

The cowpox breaks the more lethal smallpox into small, harmless particles.

The cowpox primes the body to have an immune response to smallpox.

The cowpox blocks the entry of the smallpox virus by toughening the skin.

The cowpox traps the smallpox virus in digestive vacuoles.

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79) A phage is a type of virus that uses bacteria as its host. Phages can either follow a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle. Which diagram correctlysummarizes the lytic cycle of a typical phage?

80) The polio vaccine used in the 1950s included inactive polio viral particles. How does this vaccine produce immunity against the polio virus?

Polio infections proceed normally but produce no symptoms.

The body incorporates polio genetic material so that polio pathogens do not attack it.

The immune system is sensitized to the polio virus so that the body responds rapidly to infection.

The body changes its blood chemistry, making it impossible for polio viruses to reproduce in the body.

81) The deer population in a valley in the mountains increases significantly after a series of mild winters. The vegetation the deer feed on becomesscarce. The next winter, many deer are weak and undernourished. Many are caught by predators, killed by disease, or starve when the snow getsdeep. The deer population decreases and stays small until the vegetation recovers. Which concept is illustrated by this information?best

carrying capacity

ecological diversity

annual cycles

predator-prey relationships

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82) Mr. Green is going to travel from the United States to another country. A certain disease almost never occurs in the United States but is common inthat foreign country. Mr. Green wants to be immune to the disease. Which kind of immunity would a vaccine give Mr. Green?

actively acquired natural immunity

passively acquired natural immunity

actively acquired artificial immunity

passively acquired artificial immunity

83) How are type 2 diabetes and HIV/AIDS from each other?different

HIV/AIDS is potentially lethal, while type 2 diabetes is not.

HIV/AIDS is infectious and spread by certain types of human contact, while type 2 diabetes is not infectious.

A person’s risk of developing HIV/AIDS is affected by their behavior, while type 2 diabetes occurs randomly.

Type 2 diabetes can be effectively treated with medication, while HIV/AIDS cannot.

84) Rob has influenza (the flu), and his symptoms include a cough, fever, and aches. He asks his doctor to prescribe antibiotics. The doctor says thatantibiotics will not help him. Why would antibiotics help Rob?not

Antibiotics can only help a person resist a disease the second time the person is exposed.

Antibiotics are only effective for influenza if they are prescribed before serious symptoms start.

Antibiotics have been commonly used for so long that the influenza virus has become resistant to them.

Antibiotics have no effect on the influenza virus because antibiotics only control diseases caused by bacteria.

85) Influenza vaccines are updated annually. Why is it necessary to update influenza vaccines to maintain their effectiveness?

Vaccines are unstable and chemically decompose in less than a year.

Influenza viruses mutate quickly enough that antibodies often cannot recognize new strains.

The human immune system loses influenza immunity over about a period.one-year

Flu symptoms are caused by a variety of viral and bacterial species.

86) Certain bacteria are now considered “super bugs” because they can survive exposure to antibiotics that would normally kill them. Which type ofchange in the bacteria allows them to survive antibiotic treatment?most likely

an increase in the size of the bacteria

a mutation that produces a new genotype

an increase in the natural life span of the bacteria

an improvement in communication between neighboring bacterial cells

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87) Both the nitrogen and carbon cycles involve living organisms and chemical processes. Which process in an organism is linked to the carbon cyclebut the nitrogen cycle?not

decomposition

respiration

precipitation

fixation

88) Use the food web to answer the question.

The food web shows part of the Yellowstone ecosystem after wolves were totally eliminated by human hunting. Later, wolves were reintroducedinto the ecosystem. Wolves prefer to hunt elk. What is the effect of the reintroduction of wolves on the other organisms in themost likely ecosystem?

The populations of elk, aspens, willows, beavers, insects, and birds would all decline.

The population of elk would decline, and the populations of aspens, willows, beavers, insects, and birds would all increase.

The populations of elk, beavers, and insects would decline, and the populations of willows, aspens, and birds would all increase.

The population of elk would increase, and the populations of willows, beavers, insects, and birds would all decline.

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A farming community has the food web shown. A state agency wants to spray insecticides widely to control a particular insect pest that has beendamaging crops. Which populations will be at risk as a result of such an action?most

birds and insectivorous rodents

birds and snakes

plants and insectivorous rodents

plants and herbivorous rodents


Crawfish are one of the many invertebrates in this lake food web. Given the information in this food web, which change would cause anmost likely increase in the crawfish population in the lake?

removing the carp

removing the bass

adding more sunfish

adding more carp

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The diagram shows a meadow food web. The disappearance of which type of organism would have the greatest impact on this community?

the hawk, because it is a top predator the rabbit, because two predators depend on it

the grass, because it is the producer in the food web the grasshopper, because it is the sole food of the toads

92) Why is a wolf in an arctic food web considered to be dependent on sunlight for food energy?

Cells in all living organisms contain some photosynthetic organelles.

In cold environments, animals use warmth from sunlight to increase their internal chemical energy.

The chemical energy stored in animals the wolf eats ultimately comes from solar energy captured by producers.

Wolves adapt to food scarcity by changing roles from consumers to producers.

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93) Use the energy pyramid to answer the question.

The diagram shows an energy pyramid for an African savanna. Which statement describes the flow of energy in the pyramid?best

The zebras have the least amount of energy because they eat a plant-based diet, which provides less energy than an animal diet.

The lion has the least amount of energy because only ten percentof the energy available at one trophic level moves to the nexttrophic level.

The producers have the least amount of energy because energyincreases by ten percent as it moves up an energy pyramid.

All the organisms have an equal amount of energy because energyis not created or destroyed as it moves from one trophic level tothe next.

94) Use the energy pyramid to answer the question.

The largest animals on Earth are the baleen whales. They feed primarily on krill, a small, animal. What is the advantage toshrimp-like baleen whales in eating tiny consumers rather than eating large animals that are or consumers?first-order third- fourth-order

The tiny first-order consumers are less dangerous than animals ofhigher orders.

The first-order consumers tend to be more spread out than higher-order consumers.

The total amount of available energy is greater in first-order consumers than in higher orders.

The number of available producers is greater for lower orders.

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The graph shows changes in the size of a bacterial population over time in the presence of a limiting factor. Which labeled segment of the graph ismost similar to how a bacterial population would change any limiting factors?without

segment 1

segment 2

segment 3

segment 4

96) In aquatic ecosystems, phytoplankton provide the energy for most food webs. Which organisms generally fulfill the same role in terrestrialecosystems?

fungi

bacteria

plants

animals

97) Whole ecosystems of organisms live underground, where it is dark. These organisms eat decaying materials or other soil organisms and rarely ornever come above ground. Do these soil ecosystems depend on light from the Sun?

No, because the bodies of soil organisms are adapted to live in the dark.

No, because only green plants depend on sunlight.

Yes, because the energy in the decaying materials originally came from sunlight.

Yes, because sunlight drives cellular respiration, which gives the organisms energy to live.

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The diagram shows two elements in the human immune system. How are these two immune system elements in function?different

Macrophages can destroy pathogens; antibodies only mark pathogens for elimination.

Macrophages specialize in killing viruses, antibodies mostly kill bacteria.

Antibodies use a pathogen's own DNA to destroy the pathogen.

Only antibodies are part of the innate immune system.

99) Biological pollutants in homes include dust mites, bacteria, and molds, all of which need nutrients and moisture to thrive. These pollutants mayaffect the health of humans by being toxic, allergenic, or infectious. Which action would be effective in controlling these pollutants?least

Fix leaks and seepage.

Use exhaust fans in bathrooms.

Wash sheets and blankets in hot water with bleach.

Apply a fresh coat of paint.

100) Grain-fed chickens are an important food source for humans. This food chain can be viewed as a series of trophic levels. If chickens are fed5,000 kilograms of grain each year, what mass of humanity could be supported by chickens, according to the 10% rule?

2,500 kilograms

1,000 kilograms

500 kilograms

50 kilograms

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When humans exercise, they use glucose rapidly. In a healthy person, the body usually maintains stable glucose levels even while exercising.Which process helps the body maintain glucose levels during exercise?

release of additional blood cells storage of glycogen

production of insulin release of glucagon

102) Which statement correctly explains the relationship between muscles and human digestion?

Muscles break up food and move it through the digestive system.

Muscles release digestive juices, which break food into smaller molecules.

Muscles sort different types of food into different places for specialized digestion processes.

The muscular system and the digestive system are separate organ systems and operate independently of each other.

103) Environmental issues can affect human health. Which medical condition has an increased risk due to ozone depletion?

skin cancer

asthma

heart disease

brain damage

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104) The skin and the skeletal muscles work together under different environmental conditions to maintain homeostasis in humans. Which aspect of thebody is kept within normal range primarily by the skin and the skeletal muscles?

glucose levels

salt concentration

blood oxygen

body temperature


The diagram shows an energy pyramid for a school flower garden. Which statement best explains why this ecosystem must have a inputconstant of energy from the Sun during the growing season?

The amount of solar energy will decrease in the winter.

Most of the energy flows up to the highest trophic levels.

Energy is constantly lost as heat due to decomposition and respiration.

Photosynthesis allows plants to store solar energy as chemical energy.

106) The desert tortoise ( ) lives in the arid areas of the American Southwest, including the Mojave Desert. Which desert tortoiseGopherus agassizii behavior is a response to the hot midday sun?most likely

returning to their burrows

foraging for fleshy plants

pulling their limbs into the shell

retaining water in their bodies

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In a plant cell, chloroplasts and mitochondria produce the energy needed for the plant to live and grow. What materials, represented by the X in thediagram, are used by a mitochondrion during respiration?

glucose and oxygen glucose and water

carbon dioxide and water carbon dioxide and glucose

108) A protein moves a molecule across a membrane. In the process, it converts two molecules of ATP into two molecules of ADP and two phosphategroups. This cellular process is an example of

active transport because it uses energy.

active transport because it is conducted by a protein.

passive transport because it occurs across a membrane.

passive transport because it does not generate ATP.

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Which statement explains why the level of ATP in skeletal muscles changes during exercise?best

Adenosine and phosphate in ATP are destroyed by the muscles.

Waste ATP accumulates in the blood stream rather than in the muscles.

The mitochondria increases ATP production in the muscles.

ATP is used for energy faster than it can be produced in the muscles.

110) Which diagram shows the levels of organizationbest in an environment ordered by complexity and theirrelationship to one another?

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111) Dan leaves his warm house and goes into his cold garage to do some work. His body temperature begins to decrease. The thermostat in hishypothalamus detects his changing body temperature and activates warming mechanisms. This causes Dan to start shivering and the bloodvessels in his skin to contract. What will happen as Dan’s body begins to warm?most likely

The thermostat in his hypothalamus will detect the increase in his body temperature and shut off the warming mechanisms.

After a fixed amount of time, the hypothalamus will automatically stop activating the warming mechanisms.

The thermostat in his hypothalamus will detect when his body temperature has gone above normal and activate cooling mechanisms.

After his body has warmed up, his brain will turn off the warming mechanisms.

112) Capillaries near the skin can dilate or contract, serving to increase or decrease circulation of blood from the body’s core to its surface. Thismechanism helps to maintain homeostasis of

body salinity.

body temperature.

blood pressure.

blood oxygen concentration.

113) A species of lizard was introduced to the island of Jamaica long ago. Field studies show that there are now at least five closely relatedAnolis species of on the island. Each species fills a different niche. For example, some spend most of their time on thin twigs and have thin bodiesAnolis with short limbs and tails. Those that spend most of their time on the lower trunks of trees and on the ground have short, fat bodies with long hindlegs. Which process is illustrated by these field study results?best

cellular metabolism

ecological succession

biological evolution

energy transfer

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The diagrams show some aspects of the circulatory systems of fish and amphibians. Which statement describes a advantage of the main three-chambered heart of an amphibian compared with the heart of a fish?two-chambered

The more efficient heart of an amphibian can increase the pressureof the blood traveling to the body.

Oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood have an opportunity tomix in the ventricle before being pumped to the capillaries.

Only fully oxygenated blood is sent to the body. The 3-chambered heart of an amphibian increases the amount ofdeoxygenated blood sent to the body.

115) Fatimah grows a bean seedling in a pot until it is about ten centimeters tall. Then she turns the pot on its side and continues to care for the plant.How will the roots and shoot of the seedling grow after this change?most likely

The roots will continue to grow toward the bottom of the pot, and the shoot will bend upward.

The roots will continue to grow toward the bottom of the pot, and the shoot will continue growing straight out.

The roots will bend downward, and the shoot will bend upward.

The roots will bend downward, and the shoot will continue growing straight out.

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African ground squirrels live in a hot, dry climate. On hot, windless days these squirrels mainly forage with their backs to the sun and their fluffy tailsheld overhead as shown in the picture. What is the advantage of this behavior to the survival of the species?

It lowers the amount of solar energy absorbed.

It provides camouflage from potential predators.

It makes the squirrel look larger to birds of prey.

It serves as a warning to other animals.

117) The function of antibodies in the immune system is to

consume bacteria and viruses.

destroy human cells that are infected with viruses.

signal B-cells and to reproduce rapidly to respond to an infection.T-cells

label foreign material for destruction by other parts of the immune system.

118) Chemical runoff from fertilizers on farms and lawns can enter ponds. The increased nutrients can lead to an algal bloom, an explosion of the algaepopulation in the pond. The algae cover the surface of the pond, reducing the amount of light that penetrates the water. They also contribute to adecrease in the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water as they decompose. Which organisms are to benefit from this situation?most likely

bacteria that break down organic matter

bottom plants that photosynthesize

fish that eat insects

raccoons that eat fish

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119) Use the graphs to answer the question.

A certain butterfly has two wing-coloration patterns. One pattern has dark eyespots, and the other pattern has light eyespots. The graphs show thefrequency of the two patterns at two times, many years apart. Which statement is the plausible explanation for the change in the ratiomost over time?

The allele for dark eyespots is dominant.

The allele for dark eyespots is recessive.

The butterflies with light eyespots are better able to attract mates.

The butterflies with light eyespots are more likely to be eaten by a new predator.

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120) In the twentieth century, brown tree snakes were accidentally introduced to Guam, a fairly large island in the Pacific Ocean. The snakesencountered abundant prey and no predators. As a result, the tree snakes eventually spread to the entire island. Which graph shows how thetree snake population increased during the first few years after this species was introduced to Guam?most likely

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121) Use the circle graph to answer the question.

The carbon footprint of a person is the total amount of carbon dioxide a person generates each year through various activities. On average, eachperson in the United States generates 20.2 tons of CO . Which change would do the to reduce the average carbon footprint in the2 most

United States?

turning computers off rather than leaving them in sleep mode

riding a bicycle to the store instead of driving a car

burning waste at home instead of having it hauled away

eating vegetables and fruits instead of meats


scallops are a genus of scallops that have ridges and a distinctive flattened area on each side of the shell. The diagram shows fossilsChesapecten of two different species of and the approximate age of each. Which finding would provide the supporting evidence that Chesapecten greatest

s evolved from ?C. septenariu C. coccymelus

living specimens of both and C. septenarius C. coccymelus

fossils of that are the same age as fossils of C. coccymelus C. septenarius

fossils of another genus older than 13 million years

fossils with intermediate characteristics in the time between these two species

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123) Dalmatians are a breed of dog with a small gene pool. Many Dalmatians carry a gene that causes them to get kidney stones. Which breedingpractice allows the frequency of this gene to remain high in the dalmatian gene pool?

removing Dalmatians with the gene from breeding stock

crossbreeding Dalmatians with a dog breed that lacks the gene

not removing kidney stones from breeding Dalmatians

breeding Dalmatians with other Dalmatians

124) Use the equations to answer the question.

Based on these equations and your knowledge of trees, what important effect has the logging of forests had on Earth’s atmosphere?

an increase in water vapor in the air

an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide

an increase in atmospheric oxygen

an increase in energy available in the air

125) The diagrams show the nervous systems of some simple animals. All these animals can move around and sense their environment. Which nervoussystem belongs to the animal that moves around the ?least

126) Chimpanzees in the Congo River basin in Africa have been observed using a variety of specialized sticks to dig termites out of undergroundhabitats. Which environmental stimulus are the chimpanzees responding to?

predation

presence of a food resource

competition for a niche

habitat loss

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127) Which model illustrates the common structure of DNA?most


The major function of the diaphragm in the respiratory system is to

keep the lungs from collapsing. diffuse gases between the air and the blood.

force air in and out of the lungs. keep food and digestive waste out of the lungs.

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129) Modern genetic engineering techniques, such as gene insertion, have produced corn plants that are lethal to some insects. Farmers can use lesspesticide on genetically modified corn than on other corn. Which step had to be taken in order to develop these corn plants?first insect-resistant

selecting genetically modified corn plants

mapping the complete corn genome

using a transfer vector to carry genetic information to corn

identifying organisms that naturally kill insectsplant-eating

130) Which mammal forelimb is adapted for flying?

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In some situations, the frilled lizard stands up and spreads the frill of extra skin around its neck, as shown in the picture. This behavior helps thefrilled lizard survive in its environment. Which type of interaction between species would be affected by this behavior?most

commensalism

mutualism

parasitism

predator-prey

132) A particular biome has moderate rainfall. Summers are warm but winters are quite cold. Most of the land does not contain trees or shrubs. Animalsinclude mice, coyotes, quail, and grasshoppers. What type of biome is this?

desert

taiga

grassland

tundra

133) In a forest, the color of tree bark gradually darkens over many years due to industrial pollution. A population of insects hides fromlight-colored predators during the day on the tree trunks. Which effect would the change in tree color have on a gene in the insectmost likely dark-colored population?

Mutations will be more likely to produce the dark-colored gene.

The dark-colored gene will shift from recessive to dominant.

The frequency of the dark-colored gene will rise in the population.

Offspring will be more likely to inherit the gene if one of their parents has the gene.dark-colored

134) Which effect would be caused by interference in the flow of blood between the heart and lungs?directly

oxygen buildup in the blood

carbon dioxide buildup in the blood

decrease in blood-sugar levels

decrease in salt levels in the blood

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135) The structure of the heart and lungs determines the efficiency of the circulatory system. Which arrangement of blood flow through the heart andlungs would be efficient for an animal with high oxygen requirements, such as an eagle?most

136) Which practice would be valuable for good nutrition as part of a good health maintenance program?most

eating a wide variety of foods

buying food from health food stores

eating only locally grown foods

taking large daily doses of vitamins

137) HIV can be spread by several different means. Which measure would help to prevent the spread of HIV in a hospital setting?most

using disposable syringes

wearing paper breathing masks

washing hands frequently with antibacterial soap

testing daily for HIV antibodies

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Hookworms were once a very common problem in the southern parts of the United States, especially among children in areas without sewersystems. Which practice could have prevented many hookworm infections?

daily bathing wearing shoes

taking cough medicine eating refined foods

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Three ocean islands appear to have three related types of birds. Scientists hypothesized that the ancestral bird gave rise to the other two specieson the younger islands. Which evidence would demonstrate that species 1 evolved from the ancestral species and species 2 evolved frombest species 1?

The differences in beak shape of each species.

The width of the ocean barrier that separates the species.

The age of the islands inhabited by each species.

The variation in genetic makeup of each species.

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140) Use the diagram and key to answer the question.

According to the key, which isopod is shown in the diagram?

Lirceus spp. Oniscus asellus

Caecidotea spp. Armadillidium nasatum

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141) Which diagram illustrates the flow of carbon through a terrestrial ecosystem?best

142) The Louisiana black bear ( ) is a threatened species. Scientists want to determine whether the bear should be put on theUrsus americanus luteolus state endangered species list. Which level of organization will scientists use as the determining factor in this decision?

the population of the bears

the ecosystem of the bears

the community of the bears

the biome of the bears

143) Laurel uses the parts of a city to represent the different organelles. Which part of a city is the comparison for mitochondria?best

storage units

city planning offices

streets and highways

power plants

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144) Nitrogen-fixing bacteria take in nitrogen gas from the air and produce nitrogen compounds that living organisms can use. Which organisms can use these nitrogen compounds?directly

decomposers only

producers and certain bacteria

producers and consumers

producers, consumers, and decomposers


This diagram shows a eukaryotic cell. Which part of the cell can be used to determine the cell is eukaryotic and not prokaryotic?

part 1 (ribosomes)

part 2 (nucleus)

part 3 (cytoplasm)

part 4 (cell wall)

146) In cats, having extra toes (called ) is a dominant trait, represented by P. If a cat with a PP genotype mates with a cat with apolydactyly Pp genotype, what percent of their offspring can be expected to have an number of toes?ordinary

0%

25%

50%

75%

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147) Which characteristic is shared by most plants but by any fungi?not

cell walls

membrane-bound nuclei

ability to reproduce sexually

ability to photosynthesize


The diagram shows two ways that spider plants reproduce. How is the reproduction of a strain of bacteria different from the reproduction of spiderplants?

Bacteria do not use meiosis and fertilization.

Bacteria cannot reproduce asexually.

Bacteria produce spores rather than seeds.

Bacteria have distinct adult and juvenile forms.

149) In a marine ecosystem, a fish eats plankton and is then eaten by a dolphin. Which statement describes the energy flow through this process?best

Most of the energy from the plankton is passed on to the dolphin, but about ten percent of the energy is lost.

About half of the energy from the plankton is lost through feces, and the other half is passed on to the dolphin.

Most of the energy from the plankton is converted to heat, and only a small amount is passed on to the dolphin.

The energy from the plankton becomes about ten times more concentrated in the fish and concentrates again in the dolphin.

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150) Researchers have developed a type of rice that contains genes that produce a certain insecticide. What is an possible of using this typeadvantage of rice?

The rice plants produce more rice because they suffer less damage from insects.

The rice plants spread the gene for the insecticide to other plants living in the area.

The rice plants are more able to withstand drought than regular rice plants.

The rice plants enable predators living in the area to become resistant to the insecticide.

151) Use the diagram and key to answer the question.

To which phylum does the sea star belong?

Arthropoda Echinodermata

Mollusca Cnidaria

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Copyright © 2017-2018 Data Recognition Corporation.


The diagram shows an injury to a person’s skin by a small wooden splinter. When this injury occurs, what part of the immune system initiallyattacks the new type of bacteria introduced in the wound?

white blood cells

antigens

antibodies

red blood cells

153) The internal surface of the small intestine has many folds, giving it an enormous total surface area. This structure helps the small intestine to

insulate the abdomen from digestive acid.

absorb nutrients from material passing through it.

filter pathogens out of food flowing by.

retain heat with a minimum of energy expenditure.

eoc practice subject: science, grade: hs, year created

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