eos future designace icomos - dublin - april 2011 village & neighbourhood the optimum design...

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EOS FUTURE DESIGN ACE ICOMOS - Dublin - April 2011 Village & Neighbourhood The Optimum Design Scale for Sustainability Emer O’Siochrú MRIAI, EOS Future Design

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EOS FUTURE DESIGNACE ICOMOS - Dublin - April 2011

Village & Neighbourhood

The Optimum Design Scale for Sustainability

Emer O’Siochrú MRIAI, EOS Future Design

EOS FUTURE DESIGNACE ICOMOS - Dublin - April 2011

If you only focus on passive energy conservation of building fabric you ignore…• The embodied energy & carbon of the building

fabric• The fragility of the fabric i.e internal insulation can

increase masonry frost damage• The fit of the building use to its energy

performance• The transport energy demands of location• The renewable energy potential of the location• The potential synergies of addressing other natural

resource and eco-system challenges

EOS FUTURE DESIGNACE ICOMOS - Dublin - April 2011

1. Enables recycling of waste especially for energy

2. Creates flexibility and resilience

3. Fosters innovation

4. Makes services viable

5. Adds value to land

Proximity minimises travel and also …

EOS FUTURE DESIGNACE ICOMOS - Dublin - April 2011

Compact Settlements

EOS FUTURE DESIGNACE ICOMOS - Dublin - April 2011

Scattered Settlement

EOS FUTURE DESIGNACE ICOMOS - Dublin - April 2011

‘Congested Districts’ 1890s-1930s

Areas of Community Disadvantage ‘CLAR’areas 2002

Dispersal = Disadvantage

EOS FUTURE DESIGNACE ICOMOS - Dublin - April 2011

2010-199050% of existing

Potential for Passive and Active Energy Measures

1930- Back in Time

Age of Building

Gre

ater

Pot

entia

l for

Act

ive

Ene

rgy

mea

sure

sG

reat

er P

oten

tial f

or

Pas

sive

Mea

sure

s

1990-1930

Historic buildings

External expressed brick and stone

New buildings

Active

Passive

EOS FUTURE DESIGNACE ICOMOS - Dublin - April 2011

Distributed v Remote Electricity Generation

4 kinds of benefits : approximate multiples1. Financial economic benefits are 10 times for

renewables, 3-5 times for fossil fuel. 2. Electrical engineering benefits are 2-3 times -

more if grid is congested or reliability required. 3. Miscellaneous benefits are 2 times - more where

waste heat is incorporated. 4. Benefits from ‘Externalities’ are important but

site specific i.e. reduction in green house gasesAmory B. Lovins, 2002

EOS FUTURE DESIGNACE ICOMOS - Dublin - April 2011

Güssing: Distributed Electricity & Heat

Güssing, a historic small town in Austria has today

• a rape-oil-refinery for the production of bio-diesel,

• a district heating unit supplied with wood, and

• a state-of-the art biomass-powerplant

• generation of 2 MW electricity and 4.5 MW heat.

EOS FUTURE DESIGNACE ICOMOS - Dublin - April 2011

Güssing : Proximity Payoff

The 45% Self sufficiency in energy has meant 50 new companies, more than 1,000 new jobs, and total increased sales volume of 13m Euro/year. An eco tourist business now sees 1600 visitors per week eager to learn

EOS FUTURE DESIGNACE ICOMOS - Dublin - April 2011

Kalundborg Denmark: “.…your waste is someone else’s raw material …”

EOS FUTURE DESIGNACE ICOMOS - Dublin - April 2011

Distributed BiogasLünen, a historic town in Germany, uses organic material from local farms to provide electricity for its 90,000 residents producing 6.8mw to power and heat 26,000 houses. The gas is distributed through a new biogas pipeline network being built underground with a horizontal drilling robot

EOS FUTURE DESIGNACE ICOMOS - Dublin - April 2011

Human Waste• Conventional sewerage systems consume

scarce freshwater • and dilute nutrients. The nutrients are carried

to rivers and the sea where they are extremely harmful (eutrophication).

• In turn, more nutrients have to be produced for agriculture, causing depletion of fossil resources and high energy demand.

• Considerable scarce fossil energy is used and greenhouse gases emitted to treat sewage and grey water this way

EOS FUTURE DESIGNACE ICOMOS - Dublin - April 2011

Distributed Waste and Energy

By OtterWasser GmbH

EOS FUTURE DESIGNACE ICOMOS - Dublin - April 2011

Example: Lübeck, a historic town in

Germany

by

Otte

rWa

sse

r G

mbH

EOS FUTURE DESIGNACE ICOMOS - Dublin - April 2011

Venice: Wastewater Vacuum System

• Small pipes; 25 -100mm • Can go 6m vertically and 3 km on

flat• Low installation and maintenance• Uses only 1 litre of water per

flush. • Can separate different types of

wastewater• Optimizes re-use of organic

material for energy and nutrients

EOS FUTURE DESIGNACE ICOMOS - Dublin - April 2011

Historic Distributed Energy in Villages

Water mills on the Silver River

Cadamstown

Ballyboy

EOS FUTURE DESIGNACE ICOMOS - Dublin - April 2011

Potential Distributed Energy : ENLIVEN Study

Annual Average Wind Speeds (m/s)Cadamstown site = 6.75 - 8.25Ballyboy site = 7– 8.25

Study Conclusions : 43% reduction in fossil fuel use and Co2 emissions in a rural community of 1200 possible by using local renewable energy resources of biomass and organic farm wastes, wind and hydro.

EOS FUTURE DESIGNACE ICOMOS - Dublin - April 2011

Villages / Neighbourhood Resilience Studies

Led by village / neighbourhoods to prepare for a) emergency responses and b) long term sustainability using new Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in SEAI and NIRSA and others

• Map natural resources & eco-systems and risks • Map existing energy use and GHG emissions (and stores) from natural

and built environment• Map existing social and economic resources including food

production and distribution and transport patterns• Map land values of developed settlement and of agricultural, forestry,

bog etc. and identify ownership• Set up on site, cross disciplinary and participative planning and design

process ‘charrette’• Provide for the up-skilling of existing professionals and training of

graduate interns

EOS FUTURE DESIGNACE ICOMOS - Dublin - April 2011

Villages / Neighbourhood Resilience StudiesDevelop Strategy for Resilience• Identify ‘resilience centre’ with emergency energy and other supplies• Emergency communication, transport, food and energy plan• Energy refits as appropriate for building type and ageDevelop Strategy and 3D Plans for Sustainability• Transport plan to a) reduce trips b) reduce GHG in transport• Identify feedstock and /or sites for active renewable energy

generation to maximise co-benefits of waste processing, nutrient recovery, carbon storage, food security and job creation

• Settlement Design for Infill, new infrastructure and services, Design and Performance Guide for new construction

• Settlement Design to protect natural biodiversity and cultural heritage

EOS FUTURE DESIGNACE ICOMOS - Dublin - April 2011

So;Think of buildings in groups and in context

when designing for all aspects of sustainability

andConsider active as well as passive measures to

reduce energy and carbon, especially for historic buildings and settlements