eos future designace icomos - dublin - april 2011 village & neighbourhood the optimum design...
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EOS FUTURE DESIGNACE ICOMOS - Dublin - April 2011
Village & Neighbourhood
The Optimum Design Scale for Sustainability
Emer O’Siochrú MRIAI, EOS Future Design
EOS FUTURE DESIGNACE ICOMOS - Dublin - April 2011
If you only focus on passive energy conservation of building fabric you ignore…• The embodied energy & carbon of the building
fabric• The fragility of the fabric i.e internal insulation can
increase masonry frost damage• The fit of the building use to its energy
performance• The transport energy demands of location• The renewable energy potential of the location• The potential synergies of addressing other natural
resource and eco-system challenges
EOS FUTURE DESIGNACE ICOMOS - Dublin - April 2011
1. Enables recycling of waste especially for energy
2. Creates flexibility and resilience
3. Fosters innovation
4. Makes services viable
5. Adds value to land
Proximity minimises travel and also …
EOS FUTURE DESIGNACE ICOMOS - Dublin - April 2011
‘Congested Districts’ 1890s-1930s
Areas of Community Disadvantage ‘CLAR’areas 2002
Dispersal = Disadvantage
EOS FUTURE DESIGNACE ICOMOS - Dublin - April 2011
2010-199050% of existing
Potential for Passive and Active Energy Measures
1930- Back in Time
Age of Building
Gre
ater
Pot
entia
l for
Act
ive
Ene
rgy
mea
sure
sG
reat
er P
oten
tial f
or
Pas
sive
Mea
sure
s
1990-1930
Historic buildings
External expressed brick and stone
New buildings
Active
Passive
EOS FUTURE DESIGNACE ICOMOS - Dublin - April 2011
Distributed v Remote Electricity Generation
4 kinds of benefits : approximate multiples1. Financial economic benefits are 10 times for
renewables, 3-5 times for fossil fuel. 2. Electrical engineering benefits are 2-3 times -
more if grid is congested or reliability required. 3. Miscellaneous benefits are 2 times - more where
waste heat is incorporated. 4. Benefits from ‘Externalities’ are important but
site specific i.e. reduction in green house gasesAmory B. Lovins, 2002
EOS FUTURE DESIGNACE ICOMOS - Dublin - April 2011
Güssing: Distributed Electricity & Heat
Güssing, a historic small town in Austria has today
• a rape-oil-refinery for the production of bio-diesel,
• a district heating unit supplied with wood, and
• a state-of-the art biomass-powerplant
• generation of 2 MW electricity and 4.5 MW heat.
EOS FUTURE DESIGNACE ICOMOS - Dublin - April 2011
Güssing : Proximity Payoff
The 45% Self sufficiency in energy has meant 50 new companies, more than 1,000 new jobs, and total increased sales volume of 13m Euro/year. An eco tourist business now sees 1600 visitors per week eager to learn
EOS FUTURE DESIGNACE ICOMOS - Dublin - April 2011
Kalundborg Denmark: “.…your waste is someone else’s raw material …”
EOS FUTURE DESIGNACE ICOMOS - Dublin - April 2011
Distributed BiogasLünen, a historic town in Germany, uses organic material from local farms to provide electricity for its 90,000 residents producing 6.8mw to power and heat 26,000 houses. The gas is distributed through a new biogas pipeline network being built underground with a horizontal drilling robot
EOS FUTURE DESIGNACE ICOMOS - Dublin - April 2011
Human Waste• Conventional sewerage systems consume
scarce freshwater • and dilute nutrients. The nutrients are carried
to rivers and the sea where they are extremely harmful (eutrophication).
• In turn, more nutrients have to be produced for agriculture, causing depletion of fossil resources and high energy demand.
• Considerable scarce fossil energy is used and greenhouse gases emitted to treat sewage and grey water this way
EOS FUTURE DESIGNACE ICOMOS - Dublin - April 2011
Example: Lübeck, a historic town in
Germany
by
Otte
rWa
sse
r G
mbH
EOS FUTURE DESIGNACE ICOMOS - Dublin - April 2011
Venice: Wastewater Vacuum System
• Small pipes; 25 -100mm • Can go 6m vertically and 3 km on
flat• Low installation and maintenance• Uses only 1 litre of water per
flush. • Can separate different types of
wastewater• Optimizes re-use of organic
material for energy and nutrients
EOS FUTURE DESIGNACE ICOMOS - Dublin - April 2011
Historic Distributed Energy in Villages
Water mills on the Silver River
Cadamstown
Ballyboy
EOS FUTURE DESIGNACE ICOMOS - Dublin - April 2011
Potential Distributed Energy : ENLIVEN Study
Annual Average Wind Speeds (m/s)Cadamstown site = 6.75 - 8.25Ballyboy site = 7– 8.25
Study Conclusions : 43% reduction in fossil fuel use and Co2 emissions in a rural community of 1200 possible by using local renewable energy resources of biomass and organic farm wastes, wind and hydro.
EOS FUTURE DESIGNACE ICOMOS - Dublin - April 2011
Villages / Neighbourhood Resilience Studies
Led by village / neighbourhoods to prepare for a) emergency responses and b) long term sustainability using new Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in SEAI and NIRSA and others
• Map natural resources & eco-systems and risks • Map existing energy use and GHG emissions (and stores) from natural
and built environment• Map existing social and economic resources including food
production and distribution and transport patterns• Map land values of developed settlement and of agricultural, forestry,
bog etc. and identify ownership• Set up on site, cross disciplinary and participative planning and design
process ‘charrette’• Provide for the up-skilling of existing professionals and training of
graduate interns
EOS FUTURE DESIGNACE ICOMOS - Dublin - April 2011
Villages / Neighbourhood Resilience StudiesDevelop Strategy for Resilience• Identify ‘resilience centre’ with emergency energy and other supplies• Emergency communication, transport, food and energy plan• Energy refits as appropriate for building type and ageDevelop Strategy and 3D Plans for Sustainability• Transport plan to a) reduce trips b) reduce GHG in transport• Identify feedstock and /or sites for active renewable energy
generation to maximise co-benefits of waste processing, nutrient recovery, carbon storage, food security and job creation
• Settlement Design for Infill, new infrastructure and services, Design and Performance Guide for new construction
• Settlement Design to protect natural biodiversity and cultural heritage