epid mg 8
TRANSCRIPT
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EPID MG 8
EPIDEMIOLOGI PENYAKIT
GIGI & MULUT
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PENYAKIT GIGI & MULUT
1. KARIES
2. PENY. JAR. PERIODONTAL
3. PENY. HEREDITER
4. PENYAKIT LAIN
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EPIDEMIOLOGI KARIES GIGI
KARIES ; MULTIFACTORIAL DISEASE PENYEBAB :BAKTERI PERKEMBANGAN KAVITAS MEMERLUKAN
DUKUNGAN LINGKUNGAN ( HOST DIET OF
REFINED CH ) PENURUNAN RESISTENSI HOSTWAKTU
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INTERAKSI FAKTOR H-A-E WAKTU
BAKTERI HOST / GIGI
KARIES
DIET
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PROSES KARIES
PIT & FISSURE DENTIN PULPA
KELARUTAN EMAIL
ASAM : PD ENAMEL ROOT
CHELATION : PD INTI PRISMATA
KOMPONEN MATRIKS ORGANIK
KOMPONEN ORGANIK & ANORGANIK
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HOST : SALIVA & GIGI
GIGI: BENTUK & LETAK KOMPOSISI MINERAL GIGI
HIPOPLASIA FLUOROSIS PROSES MINERALISASI HIPOKALSIFIKASI
PRE ERUPSI
POST ERUPSI
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SALIVA
KOMPOSISI :
99.5 % AIR
0.5 % BAHAN ANORGANIK
K, Na, Ca, Mg & Phosphat
GAS CO2, O2, N2 ( LARUTAN )
BIKARBONAT ( BUFFER )
BAHAN ORGANIK
GLIKOPROTEIN
SERUM ALBUMIN
IMUNOGLOBULIN /GAMMA GLOBULIN
KH & ENZYM :
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FUNGSI SALIVA
1. ANTI BAKTERI :LISOSIM & GAMMA GLOBULIN
2. ANTI KOAGULANT : FAKTOR VIII,IX, X
3. BUFFER
4. PELINDUNG MULUT & SAL. PENCERNAAN
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FUNGSI PROTEKSI SALIVA
KIMIAWI
DENGAN PENGATURAN PH SALIVA
FISIK
TERGANTUNG PADA KANDUNGAN AIR & FLOW RATE SALIVA
KOMPONEN ANTIBAKTERI / SISTIM BUFFER
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AGENT : BAKTERI
STREPTOCOCCUS :
MUTANS
MITIS
SANGUIS ± 60 % PLAK SALIVARIUS
STREP. BERSIFAT:
ACIDOGENIC & ACIDURIC LACTOBACILLUS
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DIDALAM PLAK KUMAN TERPENDAM
DIDALAM
*POLISKHARIDA EKSTRA SELULER
DEKSTRAN ( POLIMER GLUKOSA )
LEVAN ( POLIMER FRUKTOSA )
*PROTEIN SALIVA
KUMAN SEBELAH DALAM : ANAEROB
PERMUKAAN : AEROB
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BAKTERI MEMERLUKAN
ASAM AMINOASAM LEMAKMONOSAKHARIDAVITAMIN / MINERAL
DIET
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ENVIRONMENT
SUBSTRAT
LINGKUNGAN DALAM MULUT
JENIS MAKANAN
KH
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HUB.KARBOHIDRAT & KARIES
GULA ( KH ) + PRODUK GULA
MENINGKATKAN METABOLISME AGENT
MENINGKATKAN KEASAMAN
MENGAWALI DEMINERALISASI
PERKEMBANGAN KARIES
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KURVA STEPHEN HUBUNGAN PH PLAK DENGAN KOMSUMSI GLUKOSA ( KH) 7
5
PH TIME
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PERAN KH DALAM PROSES KEASAMAN DIPENGARUHI OLEH :
1. TOTAL INTAKE KH
2. FREKUENSI
3. KONSISTENSI
4. WAKTU KONSUMSI
5. JENIS KH KARIOGENIK
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PHASE SIKLUS PLAK
GIGI ERUPSI TERPAPAR PLAK
PHASE PEMBENTUKAN PLAK
- PEMBENTUKAN ACQUIRED PELLICLE
- PEMBENTUKAN PLAK
- PEMBENTUKAN KARANG GIGI
PENYAKIT PERIODONTAL
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EPIDEMIOLOGI PENYAKIT PERIODONTAL
HOST : JAR. PERIODONTAL AGENT : MIKROORGANISME
GRAM –, ANAEROB ENVIRONMENT ; LINGKUNGAN DALAM
MULUT FAKTOR RISK AL: OH
USIA
SOSEK
KONDISI SISTEMIK
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INDIKATOR PENGUKURAN PADA SURVEY KESEHATAN GIGI & MULUT
A.JARINGAN KERAS GIGI ( KARIES )1. GIGI PERMANENT INDEKS DMF : DMF-S / DMF-T2.GIGI SULUNG INDEKS DEF : DEF–S / DEF-T3 KEBUTUKAN PERAWATAN KARIES INDEKS UTN ( UNMED RESTORATIVE
TREATMENT NEEDS ) UTN = D / D+F X 100 %
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B. KEBERSIHAN MULUT
1. OHI-S = ORAL HYGIENE INDEX SIMPLIFIED
( GREEN & VERMILLION, 1964)
2. Pl-I =PLAQUE INDEX
( LOE & SILNESS,1964) (O’LEARY)
3. CALCULUS INDEX
( ENNEVER,1961)
4.PHP = PATIENT HYGIENE OERFORMANCE INDEX
( PONDSHADLEY & HALEY)
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C. PERADANGAN GINGIVA
1. PMA INDEX ( SCHOUR & MASSLER,1947)
2.GI= GINGIVAL INDEX ( LOE & SILNESS,1964)
3. SBI=GINGIVAL SULCUS BLEEDING INDEX
( MUHLEMAN –MAZOR,1970)
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D. KERUSAKAN JAR. PERIODONTAL
1. PI = PERIODONTAL INDEX
( RUSSEL,1956)
2, PDI = PERIODONTAL DISEASE INDEX
( RAMFYORD,1959)
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E. PENY. PERIODONTAL & KEBUTUHAN PERAWATANNYA
CPITN = COMMUNITY PERIODONTAL INDEX AND TREATMENT NEEDS. ( WHO)
F. KESEHATAN GIGI & MULUT
OHX = ORAL HEALTH INDEX
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TUGAS;
1.BACA URAIAN MASING-MASING INDEKS
KHUSUSNYA: GIGI INDEKS PERMUKAAN YANG DIUKUR CARA MENGUKUR PENILAIAN
2. PROSES PERUBAHAN PLAK MENJADI KARANG GIGI