epilepsy fact sheet presentation

8/13/2019 Epilepsy Fact Sheet Presentation

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Epilepsy


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Purpose The purpose of this presentation

is to introduce the information

about Epilepsy.


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Contents

1. What is Epilepsy 2. Statistics

3. Types of Epilepsy

4. Causes

5. Symptoms

6. Treatments 7. Dos and Donts

8. Teaching Strategies

9. New Medical Discoveries

10. Adaptive/Assistive Technology

11. Driving Laws for Epilepsy

12. Resources

13. Quiz

14. References


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1. What is Epilepsy?


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Epilepsy is a persistent disorder ofthe nervous system.

It produces periodic or recurring

seizures that affect a variety ofmental and physical functions.

When a person has two or more

unprovoked seizures, they areconsidered to have epilepsy.


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2. Statistics about Epilepsy


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According to the Centers for Disease

Control and Prevention:

Epilepsy affects

65 million people worldwide

2.2 million Americans, including:

--300,000 children under the age of 15, and

--570,000 adults age 65 and above.

Epilepsy is the 4thmost common neurologicaldisorder in the U.S. after migraine, stroke, and

Alzheimers disease.


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Epilepsy strikes mainly among the very youngchildren and the very old adults.

Returning veterans who have traumatic brain injuryshow an increased risk of developing epilepsy.

Many questions about seizures remainunanswered. Currently no sure cure exists forepilepsy.

Researchers are searching for answers by looking atnew ways to treat epilepsy and determine its cause.


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3. Major Types of Epilepsy

Types of Epilepsy Generalized Epilepsy Partial Epilepsy

Idiopathic (genetic causes) - Childhood absence

epilepsy

- Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy- Epilepsy with grand-mal

seizures on awakening

Others

- Benign focal epilepsy of

childhood

Symptomatic (cause

unknown) or cryptogenic

(cause unknown)

- West syndrome

- Lennox-Gastaut syndrome

- Others

- Temporal lobe epilepsy

- Frontal lobe epilepsy

Others


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Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy

In idiopathic generalized epilepsy,

there is often, but not always, a

family history of epilepsy.

Idiopathic generalized epilepsytends to appear during childhood

or adolescence.

People with idiopathic generalizedepilepsy have normal intelligence

and the results of the neurological

exam and MRI are usually normal.


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Idiopathic Partial Epilepsy

Idiopathic partial epilepsy begins

in childhood(between ages 5 and

8) and may have a family history.

It is also known as benign focal

epilepsy of childhood (BFEC).

Idiopathic partial epilepsy is

considered one of the mildesttypes of epilepsy. It is almost

always outgrown by puberty and

is never diagnosed in adults.


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Symptomatic Generalized Epilepsy

In addition to seizures,

these patients often have

other neurological problems,

such as mental retardationor cerebral palsy.

Multiple types of seizures (generalized tonic-

clonic, tonic, myoclonic, tonic, atonic, andabsence seizures) are common in these patientsand can be difficult to control.


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Symptomatic Partial Epilepsy

Symptomatic partial (or focal) epilepsy is themost common type of epilepsy

that begins in adulthood,

but it does occur frequentlyin children.

Sometimes these brain abnormalities can beseen on MRI scans, but often they cannot beidentified, despite repeated attempts,because they are microscopic.


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4. CausesGenetic or hereditary

Congenital neurological conditions

Trauma with brain injury

Stroke Brain tumors

Infections such as meningitis and encephalitis

Multiple sclerosis

Toxins, such as carbon monoxide and lead

Idiopathic (unknown or genetic)


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5. SymptomsAn epileptic seizure usually lasts a few seconds to a few

minutes. Symptoms you may see are:

Confusion

Wide open eyesthat have a blank stare or are

constantly blinking

Jerking of hands, legs, or face

Breathing that slows or stops

Bluish lips, nail beds, and face if breathing is affected


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Stiff arms or legs

Strange or small constantmovements, such as pickingat clothes or lip smacking

Loss of consciousness


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6. Treatments Drugs

Surgery

Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS)

Special dietary program

Epilepsy is usually controlled, but not cured,with medication, although surgery may be

considered in difficult cases. In some cases theimplantation of a stimulator of the vagus nerve,or a special diet can be helpful.


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7. DO and DONT During an

Epilepsy


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Loosen tight neckwear.

Remove glasses if worn.

Check to see if theperson is carrying an ID or wearing an SOSTalisman or any Medic Alert jewelry, as this

may give information about the seizure typeand medication.


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Clear any frothy saliva from the mouth

and check the airway.Reassure the person during any period

of confusion which may follow

As soon as the convulsions

subside, turn the person

onto his/her side into therecovery position to aid

breathing.


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What Not to Do

DO NOT move the person while theseizure is in progress, unless he/she is inimmediate danger (e.g. in a busy road, atthe top of a flight of stairs, at the edge ofwater, or near a fire).

DO NOT restrict movements.

DO NOT attempt to lift the person up.

DO NOT try to give anything by mouth.

DO NOT interfere with the person in theperiod immediately after the seizure. Letthem recover in peace and quiet, but staywith them until any confusion has passed.


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Do not hold or tie the person

down.

Donotplace anything in theperson's mouth or try to force

his teeth apart. The person is

not in danger of swallowinghis tongue.

Donotpour any liquid into

the person's mouth or offer

food or medicines until he is

fully awake.


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8. Teaching Students with Epilepsy:

Strategies

Children with epilepsy often experience learning issuesas a result of their seizures. These may include

ongoing problems with motor skills or cognitive functions,as well as difficulty in acquiring new skills

or knowledge due to a vulnerable working memory thatresults from the seizure disorder. The fact that

epilepsy is associated with such wide-ranging

learning problems makes it critical that children

With epilepsy have the appropriate supports

at school in order to realize their potential.


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The key to helping students with epilepsy

reach their full potential in school and

beyond is to provide them

with opportunities that

take into account theirrange of learning problems,

including difficulties with speech andlanguage, attention, and memory.


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Strategy 1: Curriculum Adaptation

To help students with epilepsy bypass a

vulnerable working memory, teachers can

adapt some of their activities to focus less on

retrieval of information and more onrecognition tasks. In other words, students

with memory problems can show their

understanding of a concept by responding toquestions or prompts that use the information

they know.


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Example 1: Language Arts

Use a graphic organizer, such as a web, to

display the characters, plot, themes, andsettings in a novel. Ask the student to fill in

information as its being read, or have the

student read while you log the information

.


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Have the student use index cards to

make a timeline of key events in a story.Later, the student can use the index cards

as triggers for recounting the plot.


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Strategy 2: Thematic Teaching

Another strategy for helping students withepilepsy is Thematic Teaching. Thematicteaching canexpose the students to the newinformation as often as possible, engage themin learning the same concepts and skills manytimes throughout the day. This can be practicedwith the cooperation of regular classroom

teacher, individual tutorials, homereinforcement and interventions, andoccupational therapies, all of which touch uponsome of the same topics.


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Strategy 3: Tutorial

One-on-one tutorials can support the regularcurriculum by addressing the same themes

and topics multiple times. However, tutorials

can also provide the student with a morefocused look at new concepts, as well as

practice at the process of learning.


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9. New Medical Discoveries Calcium and vitamin D improve

bone density in patients taking

antiepileptic drugs

Chronic epileptic seizure prevented

by low-frequency repetitive

transcranial magnetic stimulation

(rTMS)

50 years after valproate was first

discovered, research published in

the journal Neurobiology of Disease,

reports how the drug works to block

seizure progression.


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Gene that fosters synapse formation in the brain has Implications for

language development, autism, epilepsy.

Brain study uncovers vital clue in bid to beat epilepsy - role played by proteinBDNF identified

Scientists have discovered two new genes linked to severe forms of

childhood epilepsy, a breakthrough reached with new genetic technology,

according to a study published in the journal Nature.

Antiepileptic Drug Use While Pregnant Impacts Early Child Development

2-Week Treatment Found To Prevent Epilepsy In Mice Gives Hope For Drug

Development

A large scientific study has discovered new genes causing severe seizure

disorders that begin in babies and early childhood. The finding will lead to

new tests to diagnose these conditions and promises to lead to improved

outcomes.


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10. Adaptive/Assistive Technology

Flicker-free monitors

Auto-Dial Feature in

Telephones

Electronic Organizers

Picture Exchange

Communication Systems


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11. Driving Laws for Epilepsy

Every state regulates driver'slicense eligibility of persons withcertain medical conditions. Themost common requirement forpeople with epilepsy is that they

be seizure free for a specificperiod of time and submit aphysician's evaluation of theirability to drive safely.

Another common requirement

is the periodic submission ofmedical reports, in some statesfor a specified period of timeand in others for as long as theperson remains licensed.

2 h


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12. Where can I get more

information?

Epilepsy Foundation4351 Garden City DriveLandover , MD 20785-7223Phone: 1- 800 - 332-1000Web Address:http://http://www.epilepsyfoundation.org

American Epilepsy Society342 North Main StreetWest Hartford , CT 06117-2507Phone: 1- 860 - 586-7505Web Address: http://www.aesnet.org


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13. Quiz1. When a person has two or more unprovoked seizures, they

are considered to have epilepsy.a. True b. False

2. Diabetes is one of the causes of Epilepsy.

a. True b. False

3. One of the symptoms of Epilepsy is insomnia.

a. True b. False

4. When a student starts seizure, the teacher should call 911right away and move the student out of the class.

a. True b. False

5. Students with Epilepsy can benefit from Thematic Teaching.

a. True b. False


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14. References

"Epilepsy." FamilyDoctor.org. Information Page. (accessed November 27,2013)http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/common/brain/disorders/214.printerview.html

"Facts about Epilepsy." Epilepsy Institute. Information Page. (accessed

November 27, 2013) http://www.epilepsyinstitute.org/facts/index.htm

Marshall G. Letcher, Roy Sucholeiki, and Fran Hodgkins. Epilepsy, The GaleEncyclopedia of Neurological Disorders, Second Edition. Ed. Brigham Narins.Detroit: Gale, 2012. 2 vols.

Teaching Students with Epilepsy: Strategies for Educators. Growing up withEpilespy.Information Page. (accessed November 30, 2013)http://www2.massgeneral.org/childhoodepilepsy/pdf/strategies_for_educators.pdf
http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/common/brain/disorders/214.printerview.htmlhttp://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/common/brain/disorders/214.printerview.htmlhttp://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/common/brain/disorders/214.printerview.htmlhttp://www.epilepsyinstitute.org/facts/index.htmhttp://www.epilepsyinstitute.org/facts/index.htmhttp://www.epilepsyinstitute.org/facts/index.htmhttp://www.epilepsyinstitute.org/facts/index.htmhttp://www2.massgeneral.org/childhoodepilepsy/pdf/strategies_for_educators.pdfhttp://www2.massgeneral.org/childhoodepilepsy/pdf/strategies_for_educators.pdfhttp://www2.massgeneral.org/childhoodepilepsy/pdf/strategies_for_educators.pdfhttp://www2.massgeneral.org/childhoodepilepsy/pdf/strategies_for_educators.pdfhttp://www2.massgeneral.org/childhoodepilepsy/pdf/strategies_for_educators.pdfhttp://www2.massgeneral.org/childhoodepilepsy/pdf/strategies_for_educators.pdfhttp://www.epilepsyinstitute.org/facts/index.htmhttp://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/common/brain/disorders/214.printerview.htmlhttp://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/common/brain/disorders/214.printerview.htmlhttp://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/common/brain/disorders/214.printerview.html


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http://www.epilepsyfoundation.org/resources/Driving-Laws-by-State.cfm

http://evengrounds.com/blog/assistive-technologies-for-people-with-epilepsy

http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/categories/epilepsy

http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/epilepsy/detail_epilepsy.htm
http://www.epilepsyfoundation.org/resources/Driving-Laws-by-State.cfmhttp://www.epilepsyfoundation.org/resources/Driving-Laws-by-State.cfmhttp://evengrounds.com/blog/assistive-technologies-for-people-with-epilepsyhttp://evengrounds.com/blog/assistive-technologies-for-people-with-epilepsyhttp://www.medicalnewstoday.com/categories/epilepsyhttp://www.medicalnewstoday.com/categories/epilepsyhttp://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/epilepsy/detail_epilepsy.htmhttp://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/epilepsy/detail_epilepsy.htmhttp://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/epilepsy/detail_epilepsy.htmhttp://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/epilepsy/detail_epilepsy.htmhttp://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/epilepsy/detail_epilepsy.htmhttp://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/epilepsy/detail_epilepsy.htmhttp://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/epilepsy/detail_epilepsy.htmhttp://www.medicalnewstoday.com/categories/epilepsyhttp://www.medicalnewstoday.com/categories/epilepsyhttp://www.medicalnewstoday.com/categories/epilepsyhttp://www.medicalnewstoday.com/categories/epilepsyhttp://www.medicalnewstoday.com/categories/epilepsyhttp://evengrounds.com/blog/assistive-technologies-for-people-with-epilepsyhttp://evengrounds.com/blog/assistive-technologies-for-people-with-epilepsyhttp://evengrounds.com/blog/assistive-technologies-for-people-with-epilepsyhttp://evengrounds.com/blog/assistive-technologies-for-people-with-epilepsyhttp://evengrounds.com/blog/assistive-technologies-for-people-with-epilepsyhttp://evengrounds.com/blog/assistive-technologies-for-people-with-epilepsyhttp://evengrounds.com/blog/assistive-technologies-for-people-with-epilepsyhttp://evengrounds.com/blog/assistive-technologies-for-people-with-epilepsyhttp://evengrounds.com/blog/assistive-technologies-for-people-with-epilepsyhttp://evengrounds.com/blog/assistive-technologies-for-people-with-epilepsyhttp://evengrounds.com/blog/assistive-technologies-for-people-with-epilepsyhttp://evengrounds.com/blog/assistive-technologies-for-people-with-epilepsyhttp://evengrounds.com/blog/assistive-technologies-for-people-with-epilepsyhttp://www.epilepsyfoundation.org/resources/Driving-Laws-by-State.cfmhttp://www.epilepsyfoundation.org/resources/Driving-Laws-by-State.cfmhttp://www.epilepsyfoundation.org/resources/Driving-Laws-by-State.cfmhttp://www.epilepsyfoundation.org/resources/Driving-Laws-by-State.cfmhttp://www.epilepsyfoundation.org/resources/Driving-Laws-by-State.cfmhttp://www.epilepsyfoundation.org/resources/Driving-Laws-by-State.cfmhttp://www.epilepsyfoundation.org/resources/Driving-Laws-by-State.cfmhttp://www.epilepsyfoundation.org/resources/Driving-Laws-by-State.cfm

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