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    Epilepsy & Seizures

    101Presentation by: Myeshi Briley

    Education Presenter for Epilepsy Foundation(2010)

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    What Is the i!erence Bet"een Epilepsy &

    Seizures#

    Epilepsyis a disorder characterizedby recurrin$ seizures %also no"n as'seizure disorder()

    *seizureis a brief+ te,porarydisturbance in the electrical acti-ityof the brain

    A seizure is a symptomofepilepsy

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    Who .as Epilepsy#

    *bout / ,illion *,ericans ha-eepilepsy

    ou$hly 00+000 ne" cases of

    seizures and epilepsy occur eachyear

    203 of people "ith epilepsy de-elop

    seizures by the a$e of 24 ho"e-er+anyone can $et epilepsy at any ti,e

    5o" there are as ,any people "ithepilepsy "ho are 60 or older aschildren a$ed 10 or youn$er

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    What 7auses Epilepsy#

    In about 803 of people "ith epilepsy+the cause is not no"n

    In the re,ainin$ /03+ the ,ost

    co,,on causes are: .ead trau,a Brain tu,or and stroe 9ead poisonin$ Infection of brain tissue .eredity Prenatal disturbance of brain de-elop,ent

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    roups at Increased is for Epilepsy

    *bout 13 of the $eneral population de-elopsepilepsy

    ;he ris is hi$her in people "ith certain ,edicalconditions:

    Mental retardation 7erebral palsy *lzhei,er

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    ;he Brain Is the Source ofEpilepsy

    *ll brain functions == includin$feelin$+ seein$+ thinin$+ and ,o-in$,uscles == depend on electrical

    si$nals passed bet"een ner-e cellsin the brain

    * seizure occurs "hen too ,any

    ner-e cells in the brain '>re( too?uicly causin$ an 'electrical stor,(

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    What .appens urin$ aSeizure

    Generalized seizureIn-ol-es the "hole brain and loss ofconsciousness

    *bsence: characterized by brief loss of consciousness

    ;onic=7lonic: characterized by rhyth,ic @erin$ of,uscles

    Partial seizureIn-ol-es only part of the brain4 ,ayor ,ay not include loss ofconsciousness

    Sy,pto,s relate to the part of the brain a!ected

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    Sy,pto,s ;hat May Indicate a

    Seizure isorder

    Periods of blacout or confused ,e,ory

    Accasional 'faintin$ spells(

    Episodes of blan starin$ in children

    Sudden falls for no apparent reason

    Episodes of blinin$ or che"in$ atinappropriate ti,es

    * con-ulsion+ "ith or "ithout fe-er 7lusters of s"ift @erin$ ,o-e,ents in

    babies

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    Seizure ;ri$$ers

    Missed ,edication %1 reason)

    StressCanDiety

    .or,onal chan$es ehydration

    9ac of sleepCeDtre,e fati$ue

    Photosensiti-ity ru$Calcohol use4 dru$ interactions

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    First *id for Seizures

    Stay cal, and trac ti,e

    o not restrain the person+ but help the, a-oidhazards Protect head+ re,o-e $lasses+ loosen ti$ht nec"ear

    Mo-e anythin$ hard or sharp out of the "ay ;urn person on one side+ position ,outh to $round

    7hec for epilepsy or seizure disorder I

    nderstand that -erbal instructions ,ay not beobeyed

    Stay until person is fully a"are and help reorientthe,

    7all a,bulance if seizure lasts ,ore than 2,inutes or if it is unno"n "hether the person

    has had prior seizures

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    Potentially an$erous esponses to

    Seizure

    DO NOT

    Put anythin$ in the person

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    When to 7all G11 or E,er$ency

    Medical Ser-ices

    * con-ulsi-e seizure occurs in a person not no"nto ha-e seizures or lasts ,ore than 2 ,inutes

    * co,pleD partial seizure lasts ,ore than 2,inutes BEHA5 its usual duration for the

    indi-idual *nother seizure be$ins before the person re$ains

    consciousness

    *lso call if the person: Is in@ured or pre$nant

    .as diabetesCother ,edical condition

    eco-ers slo"ly

    oes not resu,e nor,al breathin$

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    .o" Is Epilepsy ia$nosed#

    7linical *ssess,ent Patient history

    ;ests %blood+ EE+ 7;+ MI or PE; scans)

    5eurolo$ic eDa, I of seizure type

    7linical e-aluation

    to loo for causes

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    ;reat,ent oals in Epilepsy

    .elp person "ith epilepsy lead fulland producti-e life

    Eli,inate seizures "ithout producin$side e!ects

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    What Factors Inuence

    ecision to ;reat#

    ;reat,ent ,ay beappropriate:

    *bnor,al EEPre-ious seizure

    Partial seizure

    ri-er

    Ather neurolo$ici,pair,ent

    Elderly

    ;reat,ent ,ay5A; beappropriate:

    Sin$le seizure5o history

    5eurolo$icallynor,al

    Houn$ a$eSide e!ects

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    ;ypes of ;reat,ent

    Medication

    Sur$ery

    5on=phar,acolo$ic treat,ent eto$enic diet Ja$us ner-e sti,ulation %J5S) 9ifestyle ,odi>cations

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    Factors ;hat *!ect the7hoice of ru$

    Seizure typeC Epilepsy syndro,e

    Side e!ects

    Patient a$e 9ifestyle

    7hildbearin$ potential

    Ather ,edications

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    Factors ;hat Inuence esponse to Medication

    7onsistent use

    Inade?uate dosa$e or ine!ecti-e,edication

    ru$ factors

    isease

    Seizures donotrespond%03)

    Seizures,aredly

    reduced%/03)

    Seizureseli,inated%203 of people)

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    ;oleratin$ Medications

    Most Common Side Effects

    Rash

    Clumsiness

    Drowsiness

    Irritability Nausea

    Side effects may be related to dose

    Care must be taken in discontinuing

    drug due to risk of seizure recurrence

    Warning Signs of Possible

    Serious Side Eects Prolon$ed fe-er ash+ nauseaC-o,itin$

    Se-ere sore throat Mouth ulcers Easy bruisin$ Pinpoint bleedin$ Weaness

    Fati$ue S"ollen $lands 9ac of appetite *bdo,inal pain

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    Sur$ery

    Factors inuencing decision 9ielihood seizures are due to

    epilepsy 9ielihood sur$ery "ill help *bility to identify focus of seizures

    Ather treat,ents atte,pted Bene>ts -sK iss

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    Ja$us 5er-e Sti,ulation

    e-ice is i,planted tocontrol seizures bydeli-erin$ electricalsti,ulation to the -a$usner-e in the nec+ "hichrelays i,pulses to"idespread areas of thebrain

    sed to treat partialseizures "hen,edication does not "or 7ourtesy of 7yberonics

    008

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    eto$enic iet

    Based on >ndin$ that star-ation == "hichburns fat for ener$y == has an antiepileptice!ect

    sed pri,arily to treat se-ere childhoodepilepsy+ has been e!ecti-e in so,e adults &adolescents

    .i$h fat+ lo" carbohydrate

    and protein intae sually started in hospital e?uires stron$ fa,ily co,,it,ent

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    Epilepsy in Wo,en

    .or,onal e!ects .or,onal chan$es durin$ puberty+ ,enopause+

    and the ,onthly cycle ,ay a!ect seizure fre?uency Polycystic o-ary syndro,e

    SeDuality & contraception SeDual dysfunction Birth control pills ,ay be less e!ecti-e

    Pre$nancy & ,otherhood 5eed to continue ,edication Sli$ht increased ris for birth defects

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    Epilepsy in Alder *dults

    Epilepsy is co,,on in the elderly+and is often unreco$nized or,isdia$nosed

    Alder people face increasedtreat,ent riss

    Maintainin$ independence is a

    challen$e after the dia$nosis ofepilepsy

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    roups at Increased is for Epilepsy

    *bout 13 of the $eneral populationde-elops epilepsy

    ;he ris is hi$her in people "ithcertain ,edical conditions: Mental retardation 7erebral palsy

    *lzhei,er

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    7lassifyin$ Epilepsy and Seizures

    7lassifyin$ epilepsy in-ol-es ,ore than@ust

    seizure type

    Seizure types:

    Partial Generalized

    Si,ple 7o,pleD *bsence7on-ulsi-e7onsciousness

    is,aintained

    7onsciousnessis lost ori,paired

    *ltereda"areness

    7haracterized

    by,usclecontractions"ith or"ithout lossofconsciousness

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    ;ools to 7on>r, the ia$nosis of Epilepsy

    EE I,a$in$ Scans

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    Epilepsy in Infants & Houn$ 7hildren

    Balancin$ nor,al de-elop,ent andthe special concerns of epilepsy

    ood parentin$ sills 7hildcare E!ects on brothers and sisters

    Early childhood inter-entionser-ices

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    Epilepsy in 7hildren *$ed 6=1

    .andlin$ feelin$s Fa,ily relationships

    Safety School and childcare e-elop,ental sta$es

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    Epilepsy in ;eens & Houn$ *dults

    *ssu,in$ responsibility ealin$ "ith feelin$s Friends and social pressures School ri-in$

    rinin$ atin$ E,ploy,ent

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    Ather ;reat,ent *pproaches

    Beha-ioral therapy Biofeedbac elaDation Positi-e reinforce,ent

    7o$niti-e therapy *ro,atherapy

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    5ational and 7o,,unity esources

    ;he Epilepsy Foundation 9ocal aLliates Website: """KepilepsyfoundationKor$

    Medic *lert Foundation

    Social Security *d,inistration *ccreditation 7ouncil on Ser-ices for People "ith isabilities S ept of Education State ALces

    Jocational ehabilitation

    Protection and *d-ocacy i-ision of e-elop,ental isabilities

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    ;han Hou+Myeshi Briley Personal 5ote:

    I "ould lie to than you for your ti,eand support in readin$ the infor,ationto learn ,ore about epilepsyK Please

    share the infor,ation "ith othersK Isupport a -ariety of charitableor$anizations throu$h the "orldK Mypassion is research that "ould one day

    >nd a cure for epilepsyK I a, also anad-ocate for helpin$ childrenC adults "ithlife sills once dia$nosed "ith epilepsyK