PaBCaBlrdðGURsþalI; cMNgrYmrbs´eyIg38

EpñkTI 4

RbeTsGURsþalIkñúgeBlbc©úb|nñenH

RbeTsGURsþalIKWCapÞaMgdIlVwgelVIyd¾mancMNas´CageKmYykñúgBiPBelak.

vaCaRbeTsZMCageKTI 6 kñúgBiPBelak.

EpñkTI 4 - RbeTsGURsþalIkñúgeBlbc©úb|nñenH 39EpñkTI 4 - RbeTsGURsþalIkñúgeBlbc©úb|nñenH 39

RbeTsGURsþalIkñúgeBlbc©úb|nñenAkñúgTMB&rTaMgenH elakGñknwgdwgGMBIGVIEdleZVIoRbeTsenHBiessya¨gxøaMg. elakGñknwgrkeXIjeRcIneT[tGMBIvb|Zm(rbs´eyIg GñkEdlbegI,t

nUvKMnitzµI>rbs´eyIg nigGtþsJ¦aNCatirbs´eyIg. enAkñúgBiPBelakbc©úb|nñenH RbeTsGURsþalICaédKUmuxCMnYj nigBaNiC¢kmµd¾rs´revIk

ehIyCaBlrdðEdleKeKarBBaseBjBiPBelak. eyIgotémøcMeBaHkarpþl´viPaKTanrbs´CnGenþaRbevsn¾zµI dl´karlUtlas´ya¨geT[gTat´

nigkareZVIeLIgCazµIénRbeTsrbs´eyIg.

TwkdIGURsþalICaRbeTsEdlmanEtmYyKt´xusBIRbeTsd¾éTedayreb[beRcInya¨g. kñúgcMeNamTVIbTaMg 7 kñúgBiPBelak RbeTsGURsþalIKWCaTVIbEtmYy

Kt´EdlRKb´RKgedayRbCaCatiEtmYy. eyIgmancMNuHRbCaCnrs´enATabCageKbMputkñúgBiPBelak edaymanmnusSEtBIrnak´b¨ueNÑaH

kñúgmYyKILÚEm¨Rtkaer¨.

RbeTsGURsþalICapÞaMgdIlVwgelVIymYyd¾mancMNas´CageKkñúgBiPBelak. vaCaRbeTsZMCageKTIR:MmYykñúgBiPBelak. vak*CaTVIbrs´enAEdl

sáÜtCageKEdr ehtuenHehIy:nCaenAtamEpñkPaKeRcInénRbeTsGURsþalI TwkKWCaZnZanmantémøCaxøaMg.

TwkdICaeRcInmandIZøIGn´zy edaymanEt 6 PaKryb¨ueNÑaHEdlsmrmünwgeZVIksikmµ. TIkEnøgdIsáÜtkñúgRbeTsehAza ´tMbn´dac´Rsyal ´

‘the outback’. mankareKarBd¾x¬g´x¬s´cMeBaHRbCaCnEdlrs´enA nigeZVIkarenAbridðanqáaydac´Rsyal ehIyBi:krs´enATaMgenH. eKPaK

eRcIn:nkøayeTACaEpñkéner]gniTanGURsþalI.

edayehtuzaRbeTsGURsþalIKWCaRbeTsZMya¨genH eTIbZatuGakasERbRbYltamEpñkxus>KñaénTVIb. mantMbn´RtUBikenAxageCIgGURsþalI ehIyTI

rehafanenAEpñkkNþal.

Eb¨kxagt|Úg sItuNØPaBGacpøas´bþÚrBIrdUvrgarRtCak´manPñMRBil mkCacMhayekþAenArdUvekþA.

bEnæmBIelIrdðTaMg 6 nigEdndIeKakTaMg 2 rdðaPi:lGURsþalIRKb´RKgdUcCaEdndIEdrnUvekaHTaMgLay dUcCaekaH Ashmore nig Cartier

Islands, Christmas Island, the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Jervis Bay Territory, EdndIQUgsmuRT Coral Sea Islands, Heard

Island nig McDonald Islands enAEdndIGg´tak´TIkGURsþalI nigekaH Norfolk Island.

PaBCaBlrdðGURsþalI; cMNgrYmrbs´eyIg40

kEnøghVÚsuIlrbs´znikstVGURsþalIenArdðGURsþalI

xagt|Úg nigXVInEsøn

ekaH Fraser Island ecjBIeqñrsmuRTxagt|Úgénrdð

XVInEsøn

TIkEnøgek¼dMENlBiPBelakelIsBI 11 PaKryénTVIbrbs´eyIg KWCaTwkdIkarBarRbPBedImCaóTüanbMrugTuk ßóTüanCatiEdl:nRKb´RKgsMrab´karGPirkSeTA tambTdðan

GnþrCati. TItaMgGURsþalIcMnYn 17 RtUv:ndak´cUlkñúgbJ¢Iek¼dMENlBiPBelakrbs´Gg<karshRbCaCatiEpñk Gb´rMviTüasaRsþ nigvb|Zm(

(UNESCO).

tMbn´éRBRkas´ePø[geRcIn Gondwana

énrdðjÚvesAEvl nigXVInEsøn

Great Barrier Reef enArdðXVInEsøn

Greater Blue Mountains enAxaglicRkugsuIdnIy ekaH Heard Island nigekaH McDonald Islands

enAEdndIGg´tak´TikGURsþalI

sYnóTüanCati Kakadu enAEdndIxageCIg

ekaH Lord Howe Island ecjBIeqñrsmuRT

rdðjÚvesAEvl

ekaH Macquarie Island xagt|Úgrdðzasem¨nIja¨

EpñkTI 4 - RbeTsGURsþalIkñúgeBlbc©úb|nñenH 41

sYnóTüanCati Purnululu enArdðGURsþalIxaglic

Royal Exhibition Building nigsYnc|ar

Carlton Gardens enARkugEm¨lb)n

Shark Bay ‘qksmuRTRtIqøam’

enArdðGURsþalIxaglic

Sydney Opera House

éRBrehafan Tasmanian Wilderness

tMbn´RtUBikesIménrdðXVInEsøn

bwg Willandra Lakes enArdðjÚvesAEvl

eyIgsUmelIkTwkcitþoelakGñkBRgIkbT

BiesaZn¾rbs´elakGñk edaykareTAkMsanþ

enAtamkEnøgsMxan´TaMgenH nigTIkEnøg

d¾cEmøkdéTeT[t. elakGñkGacedIr

enATIrehafan ßtameqñrsmuRT elIPñM

ßéRBRkas´Zøak´ePø{g. RKb´CMhanEdl

elakGñkQan KWCaCMhankan´EtCit

eTAnwgkmµsiTÆTwkdId¾ZMTUlay nigrs´

revIkenH.

sYnóTüanCati Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park

enAEdndIxageCIg

PaBCaBlrdðGURsþalI; cMNgrYmrbs´eyIg42

kUnekµgsikSaenAsalaer[ntamviTüúpSaysemøgenArdðjÚvesAEvl

RbeTsd¾ZMTUlay

PaBd¾ZMlVwgelVIyénRbeTsGURsþalI :neZVIoekItmanKMnitzµI>

nigkaréqñRbDit.

enAsm&ymun RbCaCnenAtMbn´dac´RsyalCYnkaleKRtUveZVIdMeNIr

CaeRcInézáedIm|ImkoevC¢bNÐitEdlenACitCageK BinitüeraK. kUn

ekµgCaeRcInrs´enAkñúgéRBeRsagya¨gqáaydac´RsyalBi:kmker[n

enAsalaeBlézá.

RKYsarenAtMbn´dac´RsyalCYbRbTHkarsæitenAqáaydac´BIeK Cakar

Bi:kRTaMRTNas´. sæanIyciJ©wmstVBahn;ZM>GacmanTMhMeRcIn

KILÚEm¨Rtkaer¨. RsþI nigkUnekµgEdlrs´enATIenaHGacBMuCYbmnusS

déTeT[tkñúgry;eBlrab´Ex. BMumanTUrs&BÞeT ehIyRbCaCnman

GarmµN¾enAqáaydac´BIeK niggayTTYlrgeRKaHCaTIbMput.

TaMgenHKWCabJØaEdlCnCatiGURsþalId¾Gs©arü :nedaHRsaytam

ry;karbuinRbsb´ nigkarmanKMnitzµI>.

viTüúeRbIQñan´

enAqñaM 1929, Alfred Traegar mkBIRkugGaeDIELd:ner[bcMviTüú

eRbIzamBlQñan´eCIgTImYy. GñkeRbIR:s´GacrkSaoviTüúsþab´:n

TaMgsgxagedayZak´Qñan´CamYynwgeCIgrbs´eK. pÞHksidðanEdl

dac´qáayBIeK sæanIyebskkmµEdlenAtMbn´dac´Rsyal nigsh

Kmn¾CnCatiGabUrICInITaMgGs´ :nTTYlplRbeyaCn¾GMBIkaréqñRbDit

enH. eBlenaH RsþIEdlenAqáaydac´BIeKGaceZVICamitþPkþinwgKñaeTA

vijeTAmkqøgkat´tamry;rlkZatuGakas.

viTüúeRbIQñan´eCIg:nCYybeg,Itsæab&nGURsþalId¾Gs©arüBIrKW kic©bMerI

raCevC¢bNÐittampøÚvGakas (Royal Flying Doctor Service)

nigsalaer[ntamviTüúpSaysemøg.

kic©bMerIraCevC¢bNÐittampøÚvGakas (The Royal Flying Doctor Service)

buBVCit John Flynn :nrs´enA nigeZVIkarCamYyRbCaCnenA

shKmn¾CnbT. KMnitrbs´elakKWedIm|InaMykevC¢bNÐuiteTABinitü

GñkCmáWenAtMbn´dac´Rsyalo:nqab´bMput EdlGaceZVI:ntam

pøÚvGakas. elakTTYl:nCMnYyzvikarBIrdðaPi:l Rkumh)unGakas

crN¾ Qantas nigGMeNaymnusSZm(. kic©bMerIraCevC¢bNÐit

tampøÚvGakas cab´epþImbMerIenAqñaM 1928 k*b¨uEnþenAEtmanRbCaCn

enAkEnøgdac´Rsyal EdlBMuGacTak´TgCamYykic©bMerIenH:n.

kardak´oeRbInUvviTüúeRbIQñan´ KWedIm|IZanaoRbCaCnenAsæanIydac´

RsyalxøaMg GacehAmkevC¢bNÐit:nya¨gqab´bMputtamEdl

GaceZVI:n.

salaer[ntamviTüúpSaysemøg

rhUtdl´qñaM 1950 kUnekµgrs´enAkEnøgdac´RsyalRtUveTAsala

er[nEdlmankEnøgsñak´GaRs&y ebIBMudUecñaHeT eKRtUvbMeBjemer[n

tamsMbuRtéRbsNIy*.

Adelaide Miethke mkBIRkugGaeDIELd CaRbZanrgénkic©bMerI

PUminÞevC¢bNÐittampøÚvGakasenArdðGURsþalIxagt|Úgyl´za kic©bMerI

PUminÞevC¢bNÐittampøÚvGakas k*GacCYykUnekµgenApÞHoniyayCamYy

RKUbeRg[nrbs´eK:nEdr. kic©bMerIenA Alice Springs epþImpSay

emer[ntamry;viTüúsþab´:nTaMgsgxagenAqñaM 1948. salaer[n

tamviTüúpSagsemøg:nbeg,ItCapøÚvkarb¨unµanqñaMeRkaymk. sala

er[ntamviTüúénRbeTsGURsþalI k*:nCYybNþaRbeTsdéTeT[t

CaeRcInpgEdr oer[bcMkmµviZIdUcKñaenHrbs´eKpÞal´.

viTüúeRbIQñan´CMnan´cas´eBlenHRtUv:ndak´CMnYsedayeRK]gRbdab´

cab´rlkZatuGakasx¬s´ k*b¨uEnþkic©bMerIPUminÞevC¢bNÐittampøÚvGakas

énRbeTsGURsþalI nigsalaer[ntamviTüúenAEtbnþbMerI nigpþl´pl

RbeyaCn¾dl´RbCaCnenAshKmn¾dac´RsyalkñúgRbeTsGURsþalI.

EpñkTI 4 - RbeTsGURsþalIkñúgeBlbc©úb|nñenH 43

GtþsJ¦aNénRbeTsGURsþalI

GtþsJ¦aNénRbeTsGURsþalI:nkIteLIgedaysarek¼dMENld¾bvrEtmYyKt´rbs´eyIg KWvb|Zm(rbs´eyIg nigcrikEdlmanKMniteRcIn

RBmTaMgesckþIsVahab´rbs´RbCaCneyIg.

Ian Thorpe GñkTTYlemdaymaskILaGULaMBikcMnYnR:MelIk

smaCikénRkum:l´Tat´ RsICatiGURsþalI

kILa nigkarelgkMsanþ

CnCatiGURsþalICaeRcIncUlcitþkILa ehIyCaeRcInnak´eZVI:nseRmc

lTÆplKYrocab´GarmµN¾enAkMritGnþrCati.

eyIgmanemaTnPaBcMeBaHkitþis&BÞrbs´eyIg CaRbCaCatién

´kILad¾BUEk ´. kILakr nigkILakarinIGURsþalIRtUv:neKekatsresIr

zaCardðTUtpøÚvkarelItémøénkarxitxMeZVIkargar karelgRtwmRtUv

nigkargarCaRkum.

eBjTUTaMgRbvtþirbs´eyIg kILa:nbJ¢ak´nUvlk¡N;rbs´RbCaCn

GURsþalI ehIybRgYbbRgYmeyIg. cab´BIkartaMglMenAdðanelIkdMbUg

mkemøH kILa:nnaMoePøckarBiténGMeBIeXareXAEdlZøab´man. sUm|I

EtkñúgeBleZVIsRg<am smaCikénkgkmøaMgkarBarCatiGURsþalI:ner[b

cMkarRbkYtRbECgkILaedIm|ICYybnÆÚrPaBtantwgenAelIsmrPUmi.

kILak*pþl´nUvmUldðanrYmpgEdrEdlGnuJ¦atoGñkelg nigGñkTsSna

manGarmµN¾RtUv:nrab´bJ©Úl nigCacMENkénGVImYyEdlsMxan´cMeBaH

sg<mGURsþalI.

CnCatiGURsþalICaeRcIncUlrYmkñúgRkumkILa. kILaRKIkxwt (cricket)

kILa:l´e:H kILavaykUn:l´ kILavaykUneKal elITwkkk nig

vin&ykILa:l´Tat´mankñúgcMeNamkILaEdlmanRbCaRbiyCageK.

karEhlTwkelg etnIs GtþBlkmµ kILavaykUneKal nigkarCiH

kg´CaskmµPaBkMsanþEdlmanRbCaRbiy. TaMgenHk*CakILaEdl

CnCatiGURsþalIelg:nya¨glÁenAÉkarRbkYtGnþrCatipgEdr.

skmµPaBpøÚvkayd¾manRbCaRbiydéTeT[t rab´bJ©ÚlTaMgkaredIrkñúg

éRBeRsag CiHbENþtekþagelITwksmuRT nigelgs<I.

CnCatiGURsþalIk*cUlcitþelg ehIynigemIl:l´Tat´ (football)

pgEdr ‘RtUv:ns<al´zakILa:l´Tat´ soccer Edr’ Rkumsm¬&nÆ

:l´Ob (rugby) nigshPaB:l´Ob nig:l´Tat´tamreb[b

vin&yGURsþalI. ´vin&y:l´Tat´tamreb[bGURsþalI ´ KWCaEl|gsMrab´

EtCnCatiGURsþalImYyb¨ueNÑaH.

RbeTsGURsþalImanemaTnPaBCaCaBiesscMeBaHeCaKC&yEpñkGnþr

Catirbs´xøÜnkñúgkILaRKIkxwt. RkumkILaRKIkxwtGURsþalI nigGg´eKøs

ZøabmankarRbkYtRbECgKñaya¨gxøaMgkøacab´taMgBIcugstvtSr¾TI 19 mk.

BanrgVan´Em¨lb)n (Melbourne Cup) ´karRbNaMgesHEdl

bJÄb´RbCaCatiBIkargar ´KWCakarRbNaMgmYyénkarRbNaMgesHEdl

manZnZan nigxMRbwgERbgCageKbMputkñúgBiPBelak. karRbNaMg

esH Melbourne Cup elIkTImYy:neZVIeLIgenAqñaM 1861. ézá

Gg<ar¾dMbUgkñúgExvicäika CaézáBanrgVan´ Melbourne Cup ehIy

CaézábuNüsaZarN;kñúgvictUrIya¨cab´taMgBIqñaM 1877.

PaBCaBlrdðGURsþalI; cMNgrYmrbs´eyIg44

elak Donald Bradman ‘1908-2001’elak Donald Bradman CaGñkvaykUn:l´kILaRKIkxwtd¾Gs©arüCageKRKb´eBl ehIyCaGñkkILa

GURsþalId¾l|Il|ajmYyrUb.

ekItenA Bowral rdðjÚvesAEvlelak Donald Bradman :nelgEl|gkILaRKIkxwtelIkTImYyrbsKat

sMrab´RkumGURsþalIenAqñaM 1928.

Kat´manrags<m k*b¨uEnþeCIgrbs´Kat´rh&sKYroP\ak´epÁIl. kñúgkarsEmþgrbs´Kat´enARbeTsGg´eKøsqñaM 1930

Kat´:nQñHesIÞrRKb´TaMgkarvaykUn:l´Edlmankt´RtaTukBImun>. enAGmøúgGayu 21 qñaM Kat´køayeTACa

Gñkl|Il|ajGURsþalIrYcCaeRsc.

kñúgkarsEmþgcugeRkayenArbs´elak Bradman kñúgqñaM 1948 Rkumrbs´Kat´RtUv:ns<al´zaCa

‘The Invincibles’ edayeRBaHeKminEdlelgcajenAkñúgkarRbkYtNamYy CamYynwgRbeTsGgeKøseLIy.

elak Donald Bradman RtUv:neKs<al´za ‘The Don’ KWCaGñkvaykUn:l´kILaRKIkxwtBUEkCageK

kñúgBiPBelak. etsþkarvaykUn:l´kILaRKIkxwtrbs´Kat´CamZümKW 99.94.

sil|;

RbeTsGURsþalImanqaksil|;rs´revIk enHrab´bJ©ÚlTaMgvb|Zm(RbéB

NIedIm nigl|ayénvb|Zm(CnGenþaRbevsþn¾. RKb´TRmg´énTsSnIy

PaB nigkarsEmþgsil|;GURsþalIrab´bJ©ÚlTaMgExSPaBynþ el¡an

tRnþI nigr:M:nTak´Taj karekatsresIrTaMgkñúg nigeRkARbeTs.

GkSrsaRsþ

RbeTsGURsþalImanRbéBNIEdlcab´epþImCamYykarniTaner]génCn

CatiedImGURsþalI ehIy:nbnþCaer]gniTanGMBIkarmkdl´rbs´Gñk

eTasenAcugstvtSr¾TI 18.

karsresrelIkdMbUgrbs´RbeTsGURsþalIKWeRcInGMBIéRBRbwkSa nigkar

lM:kénCIvitkñúgbridðanEdlBi:krs´enA. GñkniBnÆdUcCa Henry

Lawson nig Miles Franklin :nsresrkMNaBü niger]gGMBI

éRBRbwkSa nigreb[brs´enArbs´CnCatiGURsþalI.

GñkniBnÆer]gRbelamelakGURsþalI Patrick White :nTTYlrgVan´

NUEb)lGkSrsaRsþenAqñaM 1973. GñkniBnÆer]gRbelamelakman

RbCaRbiydéTeT[tenAsm&yzµIrab´bJ©ÚlTaMg Peter Carey,

Colleen McCullough nig Tim Winton.

Judith Wright ‘1915-2000’

Judith Wright CaRsþIkvId¾

cMNan CaGñkGPirkSbridðan nig

GñkeZVIyuTÆnakaredIm|IsiTÆirbs´Cn

CatiedImGabUrICInI.

Kat´CakvIkrmñak´kñúgcMeNamkvIk

rGURsþalIEdleKRsLaj´bMput.

kar:nsEmþgesckþIRsLaj´rbs´

nagcMeBaHRbeTsGURsþalI nigCn

Catirbs´xøÜnenAkñúgkMNaBürbs´

Kat´. Kat´:nTTYlC&ylaPICaeRcInrgVan´rab´bJ©ÚlTaMgrgVan´

Encyclopaedia Britannica Prize cMeBaHGkSrsaRsþ nig

emdaymasRBHmhakSRtiyanIcMeBaHkMNaBü. Kat´CasmaCikén

KN;kmµkarGPirkSbridðanGURsþalI nigKN;kmµkarsnÆisJ¦a

GabUrICInI.

Judith Wright RtUv:neKcgcaMcMeBaHmuxCMnajrbs´nagCa

kvIkr nigkareZVIorIkcMerIndl´GkSrsaRsþGURsþalI nigkarEkTRmg´

sg<mkic© nigbridðan.

EpñkTI 4 - RbeTsGURsþalIkñúgeBlbc©úb|nñenH 45

el¡an nigExSPaBynþel¡anExSPaBynþ nigGñkplitExSPaBynþGURsþalIRtUv:neKTTYl

s<al´ nigcUlcitþenATIenH nigenAbreTs. sil|krGURsþalIdUcCa

Cate Blanchett nig Geoffrey Rush nigGñkplitExSPaBynþ

dUcCa Peter Weir Zøab´QñHrgVan´GnþrCatiCaeRcIncMeBaHPaBlÁ

RbesIrrbs´eKenAkñúgExSPaBynþ.

sil|;kic©karsil|;GURsþalIEdl:nRtUvTTYls<al´CageK KWrUbKMnUrnimitþ

sJ¦aCnCatiedIm nigTsSnIyPaBéRBRbwkSarbs´GñkKMnUrdUcCa

Tom Roberts, Frederick McCubbin nig Arthur

Streeton. enABak´kNþalstvtSr¾TI 20 sil|;kr Russell

Drysdale nig Sidney Nolan BiBN(naGMBIkarBi:krs´enAtam

tMbn´qáaydac´RsyaledayBN(Rkas´. enAeBlzµI>enH Brett

Whiteley :nTTYlkarekatsresIrCaGnþrCaticMeBaHrcnabzmYy

EbøkBIeK nigPaBrs´revIkrbs´Kat´.

tRnþI nigr:MCnCatiGURsþalI:nTTYlyk nigeZVIo:nRbesIrRKb´EpñkéntRnþI

ehIyRtUv:neKTTYls<al´CaGnþrCaticMeBaHviPaKTanrbs´eKdl´

tRnþIEbbbUraN TICnbT nigr¨uk (rock). óbkrN¾EdlRtUv:neK

TTYls<al´el]nCageKbMputKWh<Ita didgeridoo EdlCaóbkrN¾

ePøgbUraNrbs´CnCatiGabUrICInI.

r:MCnCatiGURsþalI:ncMerInlÁ edaysarkarRbwgERbgrbs´Gñkr:M

nigGñkbgØat´r:Md¾cMNan>dUcCaelak Robert Helpmann,

Meryl Tankard nig Stephen Page.

karseRmceCaKC&yEpñkviTüasaRsþ

nigkaréqñRbDitCnCatiGURsþalI:nTTYllTÆpllÁpþac´xøaMgkøaEdl:nkt´RtaTuk

cMeBaHkarseRmceCaKC&yEpñkviTüasaRsþ nigeC]nel]nkñúgvis&y

evC¢saRsþ bec©kviTüa ksikmµ ZnZan Er¨ nigskmµPaBplit.

CnCatiGURsþalI 10 nak´ :nTTYlC&ylaPIrgVan´NUEb)lsMrab´

karrkeXIjEpñkviTüasaRsþ nigevC¢saRsþ.

GñkseRmceCaKC&yEpñkviTüasaRsþ k*Zøab´:nTTYlC&ylaPIRbcaMqñaM

GURsþalI (Australian of the Year Awards) pgEdr. enA

qñaM 2005 C&ylaPI:nRbKl´eTAsaRsþacarü Fiona Wood Edl

:nbeg,ItzñaMrav:j´elIEs|ksMrab´CnrgeRKaHEdlRtUvrlak. enA

qñaM 2006 C&ylaPI:nRbKl´eTAsaRsþacarü Ian Frazer Edl

:nbeg,ItzñaMcak´karBarCmáWmharIks|Ún. enAqñaM 2007 saRsþacarü

Tim Flannery GñkviTüasaRsþnaMmuxEpñkbridðan:nTTYlC&ylaPI

enHEdr.

saRsþacarü Wood nigsaRsþacarü Frazer :neZVIGenþaRbevsn¾

BIRbeTsGg´eKøs mkkan´GURsþalI. édKUGñkéqñRbDitrbs´saRsþacarü

Frazer KWCaevC¢bNÐit Jian Zhou Edl:neZVIGenþaRbevsn¾BIRb

eTscin ehIyk*:nkøayCaBlrdðGURsþalIpgEdr.

GñkdwknaMvg´ePøg nigCaGñkcUlsJ¢atiGURsþalIzµI> Vladimir Verbitsky

CamYynwgvg´dUrütRnþIénrdðGURsþalIxaglic

saRsþacarü Fred Hollows ‘1929-1993’saRsþacarü Fred Hollows

CaeBTüEPñkEdlCk´citþkñúgkar

CYydl´mnusSmYylannak´kñúg

RbeTsGURsþalI nigtamRbeTs

Gn´zyoemIleXIjeLIgvij.

elak Fred Hollows ekIt

enARbeTsjÚveh)SLwn. enA

qñaM 1965 elak:nmkrs´enA

RbeTsGURsþalI ehIyeRkaymk

køayCaRbZannaykdðanEPñkenAmnÞIreBTüsuIdnIy.

elakeC]ya¨gxøaMgkøaelIsmPaBcMeBaHmnusSRKb´rUb ehIyCYyer[bcM

omankic©bMerIBüa:leraKdl´CnCatiGabUrICInI. «LÚvenHmankic©bMerI

cMnYn 60 enABaseBjRbeTsGURsþalI.

mkdl´qñaM 1980 elak Fred Hollows :neZVIdMeNIrBaseBj

BiPBelak edIm|ICYyer[bcMkmµviZIsuxPaBEPñkenAtamRbeTsGn´zy.

elakkøayCaBlrdðGURsþalIenAExemsa qñaM 1989.

kic©kard¾lÁrbs´saRsþacarü Hollows :nbnþmkdl´Priyarbs´

Kat´ Gabi nigmUlniZi Fred Hollows Foundation.

PaBCaBlrdðGURsþalI; cMNgrYmrbs´eyIg46

CnCatiGURsþalIRbcaMqñaMtaMgBIqñaM 1960 mk C&ylaPIsMrab´CnCatiGURsþalIRbcaMqñaM:nGbGrsaTrcMeBaHkarsMerceCaKC&y nigkarpþl´viPaKTanrbs´CnCatiGURsþalI

Qanmux. GñkNak*Gaccat´taMgCnCatiGURsþalImYyrUb ecjBImCÄdðanNak*:nEdrsMrab´TTYlC&ylaPIenH. CnCatiGURsþalIRbcaMqñaMKW

CamnusSEdlmanPaBlÁRbesIrCageKkñúgkic©karrbs´eK ehIy:nbMerIRbCaCati.

qñaM 1995 Arthur Boyd AC OBE

sil|;kr

qñaM 1994 Ian Kiernan OAM

GñkeZVIyuTÆnakar ‘Clean Up Australia’

´e:ssMGatRbeTsGURsþalI ´

qñaM 1992 Mandawuy Yunupingu

GñkdwknaMCnCatiedIm

qñaM 1991 Archbishop Peter Hollingworth AO OBE

GñkKaMRTyutþiZm(kñúgsg<m

qñaM 1990 saRsþacarü Fred Hollows AC

RKUeBTüBüa:lEPñk

qñaM 1989 Allan Border AO

RbZanRkumkILaRKIkxwt

qñaM 1988 Kay Cottee AO

GñkbMEbkÉkGtþBlkmµEpñkCiHTUkekþagmñak´Ég

qñaM 1987 John Farnham

GñkceRm[g nigtRnþIkr

qñaM 1986 Dick Smith

GñkpSgeRBg nigGñkRsLaj´mnusSCati

qñaM 1985 Paul Hogan AM

taraPaBynþ

qñaM 1984 Lowitja O’Donoghue CBE AM

GñkdwknaMCnCatiedIm

qñaM 1983 Robert de Castella MBE

eCIgÉkBiPBelakEpñkrt´RbNaMgpøÚvqáay

qñaM 1982 elak Edward Williams KCMG KBE

naysñgkar KN;kmµkaresIubsYrGMBIeRK]gej{nGURsþalI

qñaM 1981 elak John Crawford AC CBE

sæabtükrén Australia’s Post-War Growth

qñaM 1980 Manning Clark AC

RbvtþiviTU

qñaM 2009 saRsþacarü Michael Dodson AM

GñkdwknaMCnCatiedIm

qñaM 2008 Lee Kernaghan OAM

GñkceRm[g GñktRnþI nigGñker[bcMkarsEmþg ‘Pass the Hat Around’ Tours

qñaM 2007 saRsþacarü Tim Flannery

GñkviTüasaRsþ GñkniBnÆ nigGñkGPirkSbridðan

qñaM 2006 saRsþacarü Ian Frazer

RKUeBTüBüa:lEpñkRbB&nÆkarBarragkay nigCmáWqøg

qñaM 2005 saRsþacarü Fiona Wood AM

RKUeBTüvHkat´Ekragkay CaGñkÉkeTsEpñkkarrlak

ßEksmÖs

qñaM 2004 Steve Waugh

RbZanRkumkILaRKIkxwt nigGñkRsLaj´mnusSCati

qñaM 2003 saRsþacarü Fiona Stanley AC

RKUeBTüBüa:lkumar nigCmáWqøg

qñaM 2002 Patrick Rafter

kILazinñiseCIgÉkñúgkarRbkYtCacMhenAshrdð nigCa

Gñkbeg,ItmUlniZi ‘Cherish the Children Foundation’

qñaM 2001 nayótþmesnIy Peter Cosgrove AC MC

nayesnaZikarénkgT&BGURsþalI qñaM 2000-2002

qñaM 2000 elak Gustav Nossal AC CBE FAA FRS

GñkRsavRCavEpñkCIvsaRsþ

qñaM 1999 Mark Taylor

RbZanRkumkILaRKIkxwt

qñaM 1998 Cathy Freeman

GtþBlkreCIgÉkBiPBelak nigkILaGULaMBik

nigCaGK<rdðTUtCnCatiedIm

qñaM 1997 saRsþacarü Peter Doherty

GñkTTYlC&ylaPINUEb)lxagevC¢saRsþ

qñaM 1996 evC¢bNÐit John Yu AM

RKUeBTüBüa:lCmáWkumar

EpñkTI 4 - RbeTsGURsþalIkñúgeBlbc©úb|nñenH 47

qñaM 1979* RBwTÆsPa Neville Bonner AO

RBwTÆsPaCnCatiGabUrICInITImYy

qñaM 1979* Harry Butler CBE

GñkGPirkSbridðan nigZmµCati

qñaM 1978* Alan Bond

shRKin

qñaM 1978* Galarrwuy Yunupingu AM

GñkdwknaMCnCatiedIm

qñaM 1977* elak Murray Tyrrell KCVO CBE

elxaZikarkariyal&yrbs´GK<eTsaPi:l

qñaM 1977* Dame Raigh Roe DBE

GñkdwknaMsmaKmRsþICnbT

qñaM 1976 elak Edward ‘Weary’ Dunlop AC CMG OBE

RKUeBTüvHkat´sMrab´kgT&B

qñaM 1975* elak John Cornforth AC CBE

GñkTTYlC&ylaPINUEb)lEpñkKImI

qñaM 1975* nayótþmesnIy Alan Stretton AO CBE

embJ¢akarRbtibtþikarCYysRmalTuk¡enARkugdavIn

eRkayeBlxül´BüúH Cyclone Tracy

qñaM 1974 elak Bernard Heinze AC

GñkdwknaMvg´ePøg nigtRnþIkr

qñaM 1973 Patrick White

GñkTTYlC&ylaPINUEb)lEpñkGkSrsaRsþ

qñaM 1972 Shane Gould MBE

eCIgÉkkILaGULaMBikEpñkEhlTwk

qñaM 1971 Evonne Goolagong Cawley AO MBE

kILakrzinñiseCIgÉkkñúgkarRbkYtCacMhenA

Wimbledon nigRbeTs:raMg

qñaM 1970 Eminence Cardinal Sir Norman Gilroy KBE

nayksg¹kaDINal´TI 1 ekItenARbeTsGURsþalI

qñaM 1969 The Rt Hon Richard Gardiner Casey

Baron enAtMbn´ Berwick rdðvictUrIya¨ nigsalaRkug Westminister KG GCMG CH

GK<eTsaPi:lénRbeTsGURsþalI qñaM 1965-69

qñaM 1968 Lionel Rose MBE

eCIgÉkkILaRbdal´BiPBelak

qñaM 1967 The Seekers

RkumtRnþI

qñaM 1966 elak Jack Brabham OBE

eCIgÉkRbNaMgm¨UtUBiPBelak

qñaM 1965 elak Robert Helpmann CBE

GñksEmþgtY nadükr Gñkplit nigGñkbgØat´r:M

qñaM 1964 Dawn Fraser MBE

eCIgÉkEhlTwkkILaGULaMBik

qñaM 1963 elak John Eccles AC

GñkTTYlC&ylaPINUEb)lEpñkevC¢saRsþ

qñaM 1962 Alexander ‘Jock’ Sturrock MBE

embJ¢anavaRbkYtBanrgVan´GaemrikaMg

qñaM 1961 Dame Joan Sutherland OM AC DBE

GñkceRm[gsemøgqµar

qñaM 1960 elak MacFarlane Burnet OM AK KBE

GñkTTYlC&ylaPINUEb)lEpñkevC¢saRsþ

*enArvagqñaM 1975 nigqñaM 1979 RkumRbwkSaézábuNüCatiGURsþalI

enAEXneb)Ira¨ k*:nTTYls<al´CnCatiGURsþalIRbcaMqñaMpgEdr.

eQµaHeRCIstaMgEdl:nkt´TukCaeRkayTaMgenH CaGñkTTYlC&y

laPIRtwmRtUveTAtameQµaH bnÞab´BI:nTTYlrgVan´rYcehIy.

karseRmceCaKC&yrbs´eKeZVIoeyIgKitGMBIGVIEdleyIgGaceZVICabEnæmeT[t edIm|Ipþl´viPaKTandl´RbeTsd¾Gs©arürbs´eyIg. «LÚvenHC&ylaPI

manrab´bJ©ÚlTaMgCnv&yekµgGURsþalIRbcaMqñaM Cnv&ycas´GURsþalIRbcaMqñaM nigvIr;CnRbcaMtMbn´énRbeTsGURsþalI.

PaBCaBlrdðGURsþalI; cMNgrYmrbs´eyIg48

R:k´GURsþalI R:k´rbs´eyIgBiBN(naGMBImnusS nigvtæúl|Il|ajEdlsMxan´cMeBaHRbeTsGURsþalI. CnCatiGURsþalId¾l|Il|ajEdlRtUv:neRCIserIse:HBum¬

dak´rUbenAelIR:k´rbs´eyIg KWCamnusSEdlbgØajoeXIjnUvKMnitpþÜcepþIm nigeTBekaslüd¾Gs©arükñúgvis&ykMENTRmg´sg<m viTüasaRsþ

neya:y karseRmceCaKC&yEpñkkgT&B nigsil|;.

Queen Elizabeth II ‘RbsUtenAqñaM 1926’ mnÞIrrdðsPacas´ nigzµI

RBHmhakSRtiyanI Queen Elizabeth II CaRbmuxrdðénRbeTs

GURsþalI. RBHGg<CamhakSRtIyanIénRbeTsGURsþlI nigcRkPB

Gg´eKøs ehIyrs´enAkñúgRbeTsGg´eKøs. RBHGg<manvtþmand¾xøaMg

nigrwgmaMkñúgraCüsm|tþid¾yUrlg´ ehIymanRbCaRbiyPaBrhUtmk.

RkdasR:k´ 5 duløa bgØajTaMgmnÞIrrdðsPacas´

nigmnÞIrrdðsPazµIenAEXneb)Ira¨.

Dame Mary Gilmore (1865 – 1962)

Dame Mary Gilmore CaGñkniBnÆ GñksarBt(man kvIkr nig

GñkeZVIyuTÆnakaredIm|IEkTRmg´sg<m. Kat´RtUv:neKcgcaMcMeBaH

karsresr nigkarniyayrbs´Kat´kñúgnamRsþICnCatiedImGURsþalI

nigGñkRkIRk.

AB ‘Banjo’ Paterson (1864 – 1941)

Andrew Barton Paterson CakvIkr GñkEtgceRm[g nigGñk

sarBt(man. Kat´sresredayeRbIeQµaH ‘Banjo’ Paterson‘

ehIyRtUv:neKcgcaMcMeBaH ‘Waltzing Matilda’ EdlCaceRm[g

RbCaRbiyd¾l|Il|ajCageKkñúgRbeTsGURsþalI.

Reverend John Flynn (1880-1951)

RBHRKU Reverend John Flynn cab´epþImkic©bMerIEpñkeBTütampøÚvGa

kasTImYy KWkic©bMerIPUminÞevC¢bNÐittampøÚvGakasénRbeTsGURsþalI

(Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia). elakRtUv:n

eKcgcaMcMeBaHkarCYyeRsacRsg´CIvitmnusSCaeRcIn edaysarkarnaM

ykkic©bMerIEpñksuxPaBdl´tMbn´dac´Rsyal kñúgRbeTsGURsþalI.

Mary Reibey (1777-1855)

Mary Reibey CaRsþIGñkCMnYjEdl:nRtYsRtaypøÚvmuneKkñúgGaNa

niKmrdðjÚvesAEvl. eRkayBIkarmkdl´RbeTsGURsþalICaGñktaMg

lMenAdðanCab´eTasv&yekµgmñak´ Kat´k*:nkøayeTACaGñkdwknaMKYro

eKarBkñúgshKmn¾.

EpñkTI 4 - RbeTsGURsþalIkñúgeBlbc©úb|nñenH 49

David Unaipon (1872-1967)

David Unaipon CaGñkniBnÆ GñkEzøgsnÞrkzasaZarN; nigGñk

éqñRbDit. Kat´RtUv:neKcgcaMcMeBaHkarpþl´viPaKTanrbs´Kat´Epñk

viTüasaRsþ nigGkSrsaRsþ ehIysMrab´kareZVIoRbesIreLIgnUvsæan

PaBrs´enArbs´CnCatiGabUrICInI.

Edith Cowan (1861-1932)

Edith Cowan CaPñak´garsg<mkic© Gñkneya:y nigGñkKaMRTRsþI.

Kat´CaRsþITImYy EdlRtUv:neKeRCIstaMgsMrab´rdðsPaGURsþalI.

Sir John Monash (1865-1931)

elak John Monash CavisVkr Gñkrdð:l nigCaembJ¢akarkg

T&BxøaMgBUEkmñak´rbs´RbeTsGURsþalI. elak:nRtUveKcgcaMcMeBaH

kardwknaM PaBévqøat nigevaharbs´elak.

Dame Nellie Melba (1861-1931)

Dame Nellie Melba CaGñkceRm[gsemøgqµarl|Il|ajmñak´kñúg

BiPBelak. Kat´RtUv:neKs<al´CMuvijBiPBelakzaCa

´esþcRsIénceRm[g ´ Kat´CaGñkceRm[gGURsþalITImYyEdlman

kitþinamGnþrCati.

PaBCaBlrdðGURsþalI; cMNgrYmrbs´eyIg50

ézábuNüCati nigkarGbGrsaTrézábuNüCatiénRbeTsGURsþalIqøúHbBa©aMgnUvek¼dMENlyUda-RKIsÞ ehIyGbGrsaTrcMeBaHRBwtþikarN¾sMxan´>EdleZVIorIkcMerIndl´GtþsJ¦aN

GURsþalI cab´taMgBIkartaMglMenAdðanénCnCatiGWru¨bmk.

láacézá:j´kaMRCYcmunézácUlqñaMzµIelIkMBg´EpsuIdnIy (Sydney Harbour) qñaM 2005

kalbriecätEdl:nkMNt´Tuk

ézácUlqñaMzµI ézáTI 1 Exmkra eyIgGbGrsaTreBlcab´epþImqñaMzµI.

ézábuNüCatiGURsþalI (Australia Day) ézáTI 26 ExmkraeyIgGbGrsaTrcMeBaHGVIEdlmann&yzaCaCnCatiGURsþalI ehIycg

caMcMeBaHkarmkdl´énkgnavaTImYyenAqksmuRTsuIdnIy qñaM 1788.

ézábuNü Anzac (Anzac Day) TI 25 ExemsaeyIgcgcaMGMBIkareLIgeKakénkgT&BGURsþalI nigjÚveh)SLwn

(ANZAC) enAÉ Gallipoli kñúgsRg<amelakelIkTImYy. eyIg

k*elIkkitþiysdl´CnCatiGURsþalIRKb´rUbpgEdr EdlBYkeK:nbMerI

nigsøab´enAkñúgCemøaHenaH.

ézábuNüNUEGl/ézábuNüRKIsÞma¨s/ézábuNüRBHeysU)vRbsUt

(Christmas Day) ézáTI 25 ExZñÚ ézápþl´GMeNayTan eyageTAtamBiZIbuNürbs´RKIsÞsasnikenAézá

EdlRBHeys)UvRbsURt.

ézáebIkkBa©b´GMeNay (Boxing Day) ézáTI 26 ExZñÚ

CaEpñkénBiZIbuNüRKIsÞma¨s/buNüNUEGl.

ézáExEdlGacERbRbYl

ézábuNükargar (Labour Day) ßézábuNüeZVIkar 8 ema¨gkñúgmYyézá

GbGrsaTrcMeBaHC&yCMnHénézáeZVIkar 8 ema¨gkñúgmYyézárbs´GñkeZVIkar

GURsþalI - CaelIkTImYykñúgBiPBelak.

ézábuNüRBHeys)UvsuKt/ézábuNüGIuesÞIr (Easter)rMlwkézábuNüRbvtþier]grbs´´RKIsÞsasnik EdlrMlwkGMBIézásuKt

nigézáEdlRBHeys)UvmanRBHCnµrs´eLIgvij.

ézákMeNItRBHmhakSRtiyanI

GbGrsaTrézákMeNItrbs´RbmuxrdðGURsþalI RBHmhakSRtiyanI

Queen Elizabeth II. BiZIGbGrsaTrenH eZVIeLIgenAézác&nÞTIBIr

kñúgExmizunaenARKb´rdð nigEdndI elIkElgEtrdðGURsþalIxaglic.

ézábuNüsaZarN;déTeT[tézábuNüsaZarN;déTeT[tRtUv:neZVIeLIgenAtamrdð EdndI nigTI

RkugepSg>Kña. óTahrN¾ EdndIraCZanImanézábuNü EXneb)Ira¨

rdðGURsþalIxagt|ÚgmanézábuNüGñksµ&RKcitþ (Volunteers Day)

nigrdðGURsþalIxaglicmanézábuNü Foundation Day.

EpñkTI 4 - RbeTsGURsþalIkñúgeBlbc©úb|nñenH 51

RbCaCnGURsþalI

RbeTsGURsþalImanRbCaCnRbEhl22lannak´ ehIyCasg<mmYy

EdlmanPaBepSg>KñaeRcInCageKkñúgBiPBelak. CnCatiedImGURsþa

lIman 2.5 PaKryénRbCaCnTaMgGs´. CagmYyPaKbYnénGñkrs´enA

kñúgRbeTsGURsþalIekItenAeRkARbeTs ehIy:neZVIGenþaRbevsn¾mk

BIbNþaRbeTsCag 200. PaBepSg>KñaénRbCaCn eZVIoRbeTs

GURsþalIsm|ÚreTAedayPasa CMen] RbéBNI nigvb|Zm(epSg>Kña.

cMNgpøÚvkarrvagRbeTsGURsþalICamYynwgRbeTsGg´eKøs:ncuHzy

CayUrmk k*b¨uEnþ«TÆiBlrbs´RbeTsGg´eKøsenArs´kñúgsæab&nGURsþalI

enAeLIy. vak*rs´enAkñúgtémøsIlZm(CaeRcInrbs´eyIg ehIyCaR:

kdKWenAkñúgPasaCatirbs´eyIg. eTaHbICaeKniyayPasa 200 xusKña

enAtampÞH nigkñúgshKmn¾kþI ‘rab´bJ©ÚlTaMgPasaCnCatiedImxus>

KñaCaeRcIneT[t’ PasaGg´eKøsenAEtCacMENksMxan´énGtþsJ¦aN

Catirbs´eyIg.

esdÆkic©énRbeTsGURsþalI

RbeTsGURsþalImanesdÆkic©nwgnr ehIymanlk¡N;RbkYtRbECg.

eyIgotémødl´kmøaMgBlkmµd¾rs´revIk nigmuxCMnajrbs´eyIg.

KuNPaBénCIvitEdlRbCaCnkñúgRbeTsGURsþalIsb|ayrIkray KWCa

KuNPaBmYykñúgcMeNamKuNPaBx¬s´CageKkñúgBiPBelak.

Dick Smith ‘ekItenAqñaM 1944’

elak Dick Smith KWCaGñkCMnYjnaMmuxCatiGURsþalI GñkpSgeRBg

nigGñkRsLaj´mnusSCati.

elak Dick Smith rk:n

RTBüsm|tþielIkdMbUgkñúgmuxCM

nYjEpñkeGLicRtUnikrbs´Kat´.

Kat´:neRbIRTBüsm|tþirbs´Kat´

edIm|IoRbeTsGURsþalI:nrIk

cMerIneTAmux. Kat´:ncab´epþIm

beg,ItRkumh)unGaharrbs´RbeTs

GURsþalIEtb¨ueNÑaH ehIy:neZVI

vinieyaKrab´landuløaedIm|ICYy

rkSaoRkumh)unenAEtCarbs´

RbeTsGURsþalI.

Kat´RtUv:neKoeQµaHzaCaCnCatiGURsþalIRbcaMqñaM 1986 ehIy:n

QñHC&ylaPIcMeBaHkareC]nel]nEpñkbec©keTs nigkarEzrkSa

bridðan. Kat´CamnusSTImYyEdl:neZVIdMeNIrqøgkat´RbeTsGURsþalI

nigsmuRT Tasman edayeb¨ge:¨gehaHedayeRbIkmøaMgxül´

ekþA. Kat´RtUv:neKs<al´edaysarsµartIpSgeRBgrbs´Kat´ eCaK

C&yrbs´Kat´kñúgmuxCMnYj nigesckþIRsLaj´d¾RCaleRCArbs´Kat´

cMeBaHRbeTsGURsþalI.

TIpSar

sæab&nhirJ¦vtæúTan´sm&y nigmanesærPaB nigPaBtwgrwugxagBnÆdar

nigc|ab´eZVIBaNiC¢kmµ pþl´PaBR:kdRbCadl´skmµPaBCMnYj.

kic©bMerIósSahkmµrab´bJ©ÚlTaMgEpñkeTscrN¾ karGb´rM nigkic©bMerI

EpñkhirJ¦vtæú beg,It:nRbEhlCa 70 PaKryénplTunkñúgRsuk

srub (GDP) rbs´RbeTsGURsþalI.

esærPaBrbs´esdðkic©GURsþalIeZVIoeTACaTIedAKYrocab´GarmµN¾sMrab´

karvinieyaK. TIpSarPaKh)unGURsþalIKWZMCageKTIBIrenAkñúgPUmPaK

GasuI:¨suIhVIk bnÞab´BIRbeTsCb¨un.

BaNiC¢kmµ

édKUBaNiC¢kmµZMCageKrbs´RbeTsGURsþalIKWRbeTsCb¨un RbeTscin

shrdðGaemrik kUer¨xagt|Úg jÚveh)SLwn nigcRkPBGg´eKøs. eyIg

CaGñknaMecjcMbgxagEpñkRsUvsalI eramec[m Er¨Edk sarZatuxniC

nigmas. eyIgk*naMecjpgEdr nUvzamBlEdlmanTMrg´Caósµ&n

ravZmµCati nigZüÚgzµ. esdÆkic©rbs´eyIg:nebIkcMh ehIyBaNiC¢

kmµEtgEtCacMENksMxan´kñúgkarlUtlas´énesdÆkic©rbs´eyIgrhUt

mk. karnaMecjrbs´RbeTsGURsþalIkñúgeBlzµI>enH manTaMgGs´

eRcInCag 200 Ban´landuløakñúgmYyqñaM.

karCIkykEr¨

RbeTsGURsþalIsm|ÚreTAedayZnZanZmµCatidUcCaZüÚgzµ Tg´Edg

ósµ&nravZmµCati nigxSac´xniC. vtæúTaMgenHmanesckþIRtUvkarx¬s´

CaBiessenAkñúgRbeTsEdlmanesdÆkic©Gn´zyenAtMbn´GasuI.

vis&ynaMecjZMCageKrbs´RbeTsGURsþalIKWsarZatuxniC nig«nÆn;

PaBCaBlrdðGURsþalI; cMNgrYmrbs´eyIg52

RbeTsGURsþalICaBlrdðBiPBelakRbeTsGURsþalImanemaTn;PaBcMeBaHmuxgarrbs´xøÜn EdlCaBlrdð

GnþrCatid¾lÁ. eyIgbgØajkic©karenHedaykarCYymnusSEdlman

P&BVsMNagticCagxøÜneyIg enACMuvijBiPBelak.

CMnYyGnþrCati nigkarRbwgERbgEpñk mnusSZm(rbs´RbeTsGURsþalI

kmµviZICMnYyGnþrCatirbs´rdðaPi:lGURsþalI :nCYyp<t´p<g´dl´Rb

eTsGn´exSayedIm|Ikat´bnæyPaBRkIRk nigeZVIoseRmckarGPivD¿n¾

yUrGEgVg. eyIgpþl´karCYyp<t´p<g´enHenAkñúgPUmiPaKrbs´eyIg nig

CMuvijBiPBelakedaykarCYyRbCaCn nigrdðaPi:lnana.

RbeTsGURsþalI:nbgØajnUvkic©sb|úrsZm(d¾sem|Im eBlmaneRKaH

mhnþrayekIteLIgkñúgRbeTsrbs´eyIg ßenAeRkARbeTs. eyIgk*

:npþl´GMeNayCaeT[gTat´pgEdr dl´bNþaRbeTsEdlkMBugbnþ

CYbRbTHnwgkarrgTuk¡. karRbwgERbgrbs´RbeTsGURsþalIcMeBaHkmµviZI

CMnYyrbs´eyIg bgØajoeXIjnUvlk¡N;Biesséncrikrbs´CnCati

GURsþalI.

evC¢bNiÐt Catherine Hamlin AC ‘ekItenAqñaM 1924’

evC¢bNiÐt Catherine

Hamlin CaRKUeBTüBüa:leraK

RsþImaneQµaHl|Il|ajedaysar

karCYyseRg<aHRsþIekµg>Cati

eGtüÚBI (Ethiopian) oputBIkar

QWcab´kñúgCIvit.

cab´taMgBIqñaM 1959 evC¢bNiÐt

Catherine Hamlin :neZVI

karenATIRkug Addis Ababa

kñúgRbeTs Ethiopia edIm|ICYyRsþIEdlmanrbYskñúgkarsRmal

kUnEdleKs<al´zaCa ´rbYseRK]gkñúgedaykarsRmalkUn ´. RsþI

EdlmanbJØaenH minGacRKb´RKgdMeNIrkarkñúgragkayrbs´eK:n

eT ehIyRtUveKkat´pþat´ecjBIsg<m.

evC¢bNiÐt Catherine nigsVamIrbs´Kat´:nbeg,ItmnÞIreBTü

Addis Ababa Fistula. karRbwgERbgrbs´eKTaMgBIr naMoRsþIrab´

Ban´nak´GacRtLb´mkpÞHvij:nedIm|IRbkbCIvitrs´enAmansuxPaB

eBjlk¡N;kñúgPUmirbs´eK.

enAqñaM 1995 evC¢bNiÐt Catherine Hamlin :nTTYlemday

´Companion of the Order of Australia´ EdlCaC&ylaPI

GURsþalIx¬s´CageK. Kat´:nbnþeZVIkarsMrab´RsþIeGtüÚBIteTAeT[t.

RbtibtþikarGURsþalICYysRmalTuk¡enAkñúgRbeTs«NÐÚensIu eRkayeBl

rlkmhasmuRT«NÐa qñaM 2004

karcUlrYmya¨gskmµrbs´RbeTsGURsþalIenA kñúgkic©RbCMuGnþrCati

RbeTsGURsþalICasmaCikskmµénGg<karshRbCaCati (UN) cab´

taMgBIkarcab´epþImrbs´xøÜnkñúgqñaM 1945 mk. enAeRkamGnusJ¦aCn

eP[sxøÜn qñaM 1951 rbs´Gg<karshRbCaCati RbeTsGURsþalIpþl´

karkarBarcMeBaHGñkEdlRtUv:ns<al´za CaCneP[sxøÜnenAeRkamGnu

sJ¦aCneP[sxøÜn qñaM 1951 rbs´Gg<karshRbCaCati. eyIgk*:n

pþl´viPaKTancMeBaHkarRbwgERbgrkSasnþiPaBkic©karmnusSZm(rbs´Gg<

karshRbCaCati nigkareqøIytbeTAnwgPaBGasnñkñúgRbeTsGn´zy

ehIymankarcUlrYmya¨gxøaMgkñúgGg<karGb´rM viTüasaRsþ

nigvb|Zm(rbs´Gg<karshRbCaCati.

enAqñaM 1971 RbeTsGURsþalIkøayCasmaCikeBjsiTÆénGg<karsh

RbtibtþikaresdÆkic© nigGPivD¿n¾ (OECD). OECD maneKaledA

eZVIosæanPaBesdÆkic© sg<mkic© nigkargar:nRbesIreLIgenAkñúg

bNþaRbeTsCasmaCikrbs´xøÜncMnYn30 nigkñúgbNþaRbeTsGn´

zydéTeT[t. kñúgeBlCamYyKñaenaHpgEdr OECD maneKaledA

BRgIkBaNiC¢kmµBiPBelak.

RbeTsGURsþalICYyRTRTg´ya¨gxøaMgcMeBaHshRbtibtþikarCitsñiTÆkñúg

PUmiPaKGasIu-:¨suIhVik. RbeTsGURsþalICasmaCikskmµénsh

RbtibtiþkaresdÆkic©tMbn´GasuI-:¨suIhVik (APEC), kic©RbCMukMBUltMbn´

GasIuxagekIt (EAS), kic©RbCMuPUmiPaK rbs´smaKménRbeTsGasuI

PaKGaeKñy¾ (ARF) ehIynigkic©RbCMubNþaekaH:¨sIuhVik (PIF).

RbeTsGURsþalIbc©úb|nñenH CaRbeTsZMlVwgelVIy niglUtduHdal

EdlmanemaTnPaBcMeBaHkarseRmceCaKC&yelIEpñkkILa sil|;

nigviTüasaRsþ. eyIgotémøcMeBaHKuNPaBénCIvitrbs´RbCaCneyIg

k*b¨uEnþeyIgEtgb¨gR:zñao:nx¬s´CagenHeT[t.

tamry;CMnYyGnþrCati nigkarGPivD¿n¾ RbeTsGURsþalI:ntaMg

sµartInUvkarelg:nRtwmRtUv elIsBIenAelIqakkILa nigcUleTA

kñúgshKmn¾BiPBelak.

EpñkTI 4 - RbeTsGURsþalIkñúgeBlbc©úb|nñenH 53

C&ylaPINUEb)lrbs´CnCatiGURsþalI

RbeTsGURsþalImaneQµaHl|Il|ajcMeBaHkarRsavRCavEpñkviTüasaRsþ nigevC¢saRsþ. CnCatiGURsþalI10nak´:nTTYlC&ylaPINUEb)l

kñúgvis&yTaMgenH.

saRsþacarü William Bragg (1862-1942) nig Lawrence Bragg (1890-1971) GñkrUbviTüa.William Bragg ‘ÓBuk’ nig Lawrence Bragg ‘kUnRbus’ CaGñkTTYlC&ylaPIrYmKñaénrgVan´NUEb)lrUbviTüa qñaM 1915

´cMeBaHkic©bMerIrbs´Kat´TaMgBIr kñúgkareZVIviPaKTRmg´zµRKIsþal´edayeRbIkaMrsµIGikS ´´.

elak Howard Walter Florey (1898-1968) GñkeraKsaRsþ.ekItenARkugGaeDIELd rdðGURsþalIxagt|Úg Howard Florey :nTTYlrgVan´NUEb)lEpñksrIr;viTüa ßevC¢saRsþ qñaM 1945 ‘rYmKñáa’

´cMeBaHkarrkeXIjzñaMeb¨nIsIulIn nig«TÆiBlBüa:lrbs´zñaMenHeTAelICmáWqøgepSgÉeT[t.

elak Frank Macfarlane Burnet (1899-1985) GñkviTüasaRsþEpñkevC¢saRsþ nigGñkCIvsaRsþ. ekItenArdðvictUrIya¨ Frank Burnet :nTTYlrgVan´NUEb)lEpñksrIr;viTüa ßevC¢saRsþ qñaM 1960 ‘rYmKña’

´cMeBaHkarrkeXIjkarmanRbB&nÆsauMnwgeraK EdlminRbqaMgnwgGtisuxumR:N ´.

elak John Carew Eccles (1903-1997) GñksrIr;viTU.John Eccles ekItenARkugEm¨lb)n CaGñkTTYlC&ylaPIrgVan´NUEb)lEpñksrIr;viTüa ßevC¢saRsþ qñaM 1963 ‘rYmKña’

´cMeBaHkarrkeXIjynþkarénGIuyu¨gTak´TinnwgkarrMePIb nigkarrYjraenACMuvij nigenAEpñkkNþalénPñasekasikasrésRbsaT ´.

saRsþacarü John Warcup Cornforth (1917-2007) GñkKImIviTU.John Cornforth ekItenARkugsuIdnIy ehIy:nTTYlrgVan´NUEb)lEpñkKImIenAqñaM 1975 ‘rYmKña’

´cMeBaHkic©karrbs´Kat´GMBIRbtikmµKImIesþerGU EdlmanGg´sIumCakatalIk ´.

saRsþacarü Peter Doherty (ekItenAqñaM 1940) GñkviTUxagPaBsauMnwgeraK.Peter Doherty ekItenAXVInEsøn ehIy:nTTYlrgVan´NUEb)lEpñksrIr;viTüa ßevC¢saRsþ qñaM 1996 ‘rYmKña’

´cMeBaHkarrkeXIjPaBBiessénekasika sMrYlkarkarBarPaBsauMnwgeraK ´.

saRsþacarü Barry Marshall (ekItenAqñaM 1951) RKUeBTüEpñkrlakRkBH-eBaHev[n nigevC¢bNÐit Robin Warren (ekItenAqñaM 1937) eraKviTU.Barry Marshall nig Robin Warren CaGñkTTYlrgVan´NUEb)lrYmKñaEpñksrIr;viTüa ßevC¢saRsþ qñaM 2005

´cMeBaHkarrkeXIjrbs´eKTaMgBIrGMBI ´:k´etrI Helicobacter pylori nigmuxgarrbs´vakñúgCmáWrlakRkBH nigCmáWdMe¶RkBH ´.

saRsþacarü Elizabeth Helen Blackburn (ekItenAqñaM 1948) GñkCIvsaRsþ.Elizabeth Blackburn ekItenATIRkug Hobart ehIy:nTTYlrgVan´NUEb)lEpñksrIr;viTüa ßevC¢saRsþ qñaM 2009 ‘rYmKña’

´cMeBaHkarrkeXIjénEbbya¨gNaEdlRkUm¨UhSÚmRtUv:nkarBareday telomeres nigGg´hSIúm telomerase ´.

RbeTsGURsþalIk*manGñkTTYlrgVan´NUEb)lGkSrsaRsþpgEdr.

Patrick White (1912-1990) GñkniBnÆer]gRbelamelak niger]gel¡an.ekItenATIRkugLúgdug manÓBukmþayCnCatiGURsþalI Patrick White :nTTYlC&ylaPIrgVan´NUEb)lGkSrsaRsþ qñaM 1973

´cMeBaHsil|;bTkaBü nigniTaner]gEpñkcitþsaRsþEdlbgØajTVIbzµIo:ns<al´nUvGkSrsaRsþ ´.

PaBCaBlrdðGURsþalI; cMNgrYmrbs´eyIg54

EpñkTI 5

RbvtþiCnCatiGURsþalIrbs´eyIg

vb|Zm(CnCatiedImGURsþalI

KWCavb|Zm(EdlbnþTukmkmancMNas´CageKkñúgBiPBelak.

EpñkTI 5 - RbvtþiénCnCatiGURsþalIrbs´eyIg 55

sac´er]gRbeTsGURsþalIrbs´eyIger]gseg¡bénRbeTsGURsþalIenH BMuEmnCasac´er]gTaMgmUleT k*b¨uEnþ

vapþl´oelakGñkTukCaKMnitGMBIRBitþikarN¾EdleZVIoRbeTs nigvb|

Zm(rbs´eyIg:nrIkcMerIn. eRcInBan´qñaMmkehIyTwkdIenHRtUv:nrs´

enA nigEzrkSaedayCnCatiedIm. karmkdl´énkgnavaTImYyenAqñaM

1788 eZVIoBiPBrbs´eK:npøas´bþÚrrhUt. Cag 200 qñaMknøgmk

RbeTsGURsþalI:ner[nsURtCaeRcIn emer[nGMBIsmPaB nigsiTÆi

mnusStamKnøgpøÚvrbs´xøÜneq¬aHeTAkan´Bhuvb|Zm(niym nigkarpSH

pSaKña. karEkTRmg´EdleyIg:neZVI mann&yzashKmn¾GURsþalI

EdlelakGñk:ncUlrYmkñúgeBlenH KWCashKmn¾mYyEdlCn

RKb´rUbmanGarmµN¾zaxøÜnRtUv:neKrab´rk ehIymantémø.

CnCatiedImGURsþalI

vb|Zm(CnCatiedImGURsþalI KWCavb|Zm(EdlbnþTukmkmancMNas´

CageKkñúgBiPBelak. CnCatiedImGURsþalI:nrs´enATIenHrvagBI

40000 eTA 60000 qñaMmkehIy.

vb|Zm(rbs´CnCatiGabUrICInI nigvb|Zm(rbs´Gñkrs´enAelIekaH Torres

Strait xusBIKña. eKmanPasa nigRbéBNIrbs´xøÜneKpÞal´.

tamRbvtþisaRsþ CnCatiGabUrICInImkBIRbeTsGURsþalIdIeKak nigrdð

zasemnIja¨. Gñkrs´enAelIekaH Torres Strait mkBIekaHenA

cenøaHcugkat´mat´jkrdðXVInEsøn nig:¨BYjÚKIØen[. Gñkrs´enAekaH

Torres Strait manPaBdUcKñaCaeRcInEpñkxagvb|Zm( eTAnwgBYk

:¨BYjÚKØIen[ nigGñkrs´enAelIekaHdéTeT[tenAtMbn´:¨suIhVik.

Pasa

enAmunkartaMglMenAdðanedayBYkGg´eKøsmaneRcInPasa nigRKam

PasaCag 700 RtUv:neRbIedayRbCaCnGabUrICInI nigGñkrs´enAelI

ekaH Torres Strait. RbmaNCa 145 PasaenAEteKeRbIkñúgeBl

bc©úb|nñenH. BMumanPasasresreT. RbvtþisaRsþtamBaküsMdIén

vb|Zm(GabUrICInImansar;sMxan´éRkElg edayeRBaHeKR:b´odwger]g

rbs´RbCaCn nigTwkdI. óTahrN¾ dUcCaer]gEdlBnül´R:b´BI

karCn´licTwkenAqksmuRT Port Phillip Bay kñúgrdðvictUrIya¨

sMedAeTARBitþikarN¾BitR:kdEdl:nekIteLIgkalBI 10000 qñaMmk

ehIy.

esckþIR:zña (Dreaming)

nigsil|;CnCatiedIm

RkumCnCatiedIm EdlxusKñamaneQµaHrbs´eKpÞal´ cMeBaHGVIEdl

eyIgCaPasaGg´eKøsehAza ‘Dreaming’. Dreaming ß

Dreamtime KWCaRbB&nÆénkaryl´dwg TMnukcitþ nigkarGnuvtþn¾

EdldwknaMCIvitCnCatiedIm. eKbgØajomnusSdwgzaetIeKKYrrs´enA

ya¨gdUcemþc nigetIeKKYrRbRBwtþya¨gdUcemþc. mnusSEdlmineKarB

tamvin&yrbs´eKRtUvTTYlTNÐkmµ.

sac´er]gén Dreaming RtUv:nniTanR:b´dl´kUnekµgedayma

tabita nigbg>rbs´eK. er]gTaMgenHbgØat´okUnekµgdwgzaetITwkdI

rbs´eK:nrIkcMerIn nigmanmnusSrs´enAya¨gdUcemþc ehIyzaetIeK

RtUvRbRBwtþdUcemþc nigehtuGVI. er]gTaMgenHk*pþl´okUnekµgnUvemer[n

Gnuvtþn¾d¾mantémøpgEdr óTahrN¾ kEnøgrkmØÚbGahar.

tRnþICnCatiedIm ceRm[g nigr:MR:b´odwger]gBI Dreaming

nigCIvitRbcaMézá. eBlNaRbCaCnedImeRc[g nigraMeKmanGarmµN¾

ya¨gRCaleRCAP¢ab´eTAnwgbuBVbursrbs´eK.

TRmg´edIménsil|;CnCatiGabUrICInIKWCazµcmøak´ ßKMnUrpat´BN(

nigkarKUsvaselIdI. vtæúTaMgenHxøHmanGayu 30000 qñaM. RbCaCn

mkBIGURsþalIkNþal pat´BN(edayeRbIcMNuc nigrgVg´CatMNag

oTwkdI ßsac´er]gmkGMBI Dreaming. GñkenAEb¨kxageCIgRbeTs

GURsþalIKUrpat´BN(rUbmnusS stV nigRBlwgviJ¦aN.

Dreaming enAbnþCaPaBsMxan´cMeBaHCnCatiedImrhUtdl´

bc©úb|nñenH.

sil|;GabUrICInI kakaDU (Kakadu)

PaBCaBlrdðGURsþalI; cMNgrYmrbs´eyIg56

CnCatiGuWrubTImYymkkan´RbeTsGURsþalI

karrukrkelIkdMbUgrbs´CnCatiGWru¨b

enAstvtSr¾TI 17 GñkrukrkCatiGWr¨ub:nrkeXIjEpñkEdleKehAza

‘Terra Australis Incognita’ TwkdIEdleKBMus<al´enAtMbn´xag

t|Úg. enAqñaM 1606 bursCatihULg´ Willem Janszoon KUs

EpnTIEpñkxaglicéntMbn´lycUlsmuRT Cape York Peninsula

enAÉcugkat´mat´jktMbn´xageCIgRbeTsGURsþalI. enAeBlenaH

Luis Vaez de Torres CiHTUkekþagmkBIRbeTseGs|¨aj¨úl cUlrhUt

dl´RcksmuRTxageCIgTVIb.

eRkaymkenARKaqñaM 1600 navikhULg´:nrukrkeqñrsmuRTenArdðGURsþa

lIxaglic. CnCatihULg´ehATwkdIenHza ´RbeTshULg´zµI ´.

kñúgqñaM 1642 Abel Tasman rkeXIjeqñrsmuRTénTwkdIzµIEdlKat´

oeQµaHza ‘Van Diemen’s Land’ ‘«LÚvenHKWrdðzasemnIja¨’.

Kat´k*:nKUsEpnTIeqñrsmuRTGURsþalIRbEvgrab´Ban´KILÚEm¨RtpgEdr.

EpnTIKUsminTan´ehIyénRbeTshULg´zµIrbs´Kat´ bgØajzaKat´eC]

Cak´zaTwkdICab´nwg:¨BYjÚh<Ien[xageCIg.

William Dampier CabursCatiGg´eKøsTImYyEdl:ndak´eCIg

elIdIGURsþalI. enAqñaM 1684 Kat´eLIgeKakenAeqñrTisBay&Bü.

dIsáÜt nighuy dUecñHKat´KitzavaminmanRbeyaCn¾sMrab´BaNiC¢kmµ

ßkartaMglMenAdðaneT.

naynava James Cook

eqñrsmuRTxagekItRbeTsGURsþalI BMu:nrukrkedayCnCatiGWru¨beLIy

rhUtdl´bursCatiGg´eKøsnaynava James Cook :nmkdl´

enAqñaM 1770 edaysMeBArbs´Kat´ ‘Endeavour’. elak

Cook RtUv:nrdðaPi:lGg´eKøsbJ¢ÚnkñúgdMeNIrénkarrkeXIjén

tMbn´:¨suIhVikxagt|Úg. Kat´:nKUsEpnTIeqñrxagekIt ehIyeLIg

eKakenAqksmuRT Botany Bay enAxagt|ÚgRkugsuIdnIysm&yzµI.

elak James Cook ehATwkdIenHza ´jÚvesAEvl ´ehIyRbkas

zaCaTwkdIrbs´esþc King George III.

kardwkCJ¢ÚnGñkeTas

GURsþalICaRbeTscEmøkEtmYyKt´ EdlGñktaMglMenAdðanCatiGuWru¨b

TImYyrbs´xøÜnPaKeRcInKWCaGñkeTas. eRkayeBlshrdðGaemrik

:nÉkraCümk RbeTsGg´eKøsElgGacbJ¢ÚnGñkeTaseTATIenaH:n

eT[tehIy. BnÆnaKarGg´eKøskøayeTACaENnNan´tan´tab´xøaMg.

enAeBlcMnYnGñkeTasekIncMnYneRcInhYs rdðaPi:lGg´eKøsRtUvkar

rkkEnøgzµIsMrab´BYkeK. enAqñaM 1786 RbeTsGg´eKøssMercbJ¢ÚnGñk

eTasmkkan´GaNaniKmzµIénjÚvesAEvl. enHehAza ´kardwkCJ¢Ún ´.

GaNaniKmelIkTImYy

eTsaPi:lTImYyénGaNaniKmjÚvesAEvlKWnaynava Arthur

Phillip. elaknaMkgnavaTImYymancMnYn 11 sMeBABIRbeTsGg´eKøs

mkkan´Epñkm¡ageT[ténBiPBelakRbkbedaysuvtæiPaB. elak:n

ykcitþTukdak´emIlEzCaxøaMgcMeBaHkarpþl´cMNIGahar nigsuxmal

PaBrbs´GñkeTas ehIymancMnYnmnusSsøab´kñúgkareZVIdMeNItictYc

b¨ueNÑaH.

naynava Phillip dwknaMkgnavaTImYycUlmkqksmuRTsuIdnIyenA

ézáTI 26 Exmkra qñaM1788. KWCaTivaxYbénézáenH ÉgEdleyIgGb

GrsaTrézábuNüCatiGURsþalIer[gral´qñaM.

EpnTIénRbeTshULg´zµIrbs´ Abel Tasman qñaM1644

kgnavaTImYyecjdMeNIrBIRbeTsGg´eKøs mkdl´qksmuRTsuIdnIyenAqñaM 1788

qñaMdMbUg

qñaMdMbUgénkartaMglMenAdðanmankarBi:kCaxøaMg. eTsaPi:l

Phillip :neZVIoR:kdzamnusSminRtUvdac´eBaHsøab´ edayEcko

mnusSRKb´rUbnUvrbbdUc>Kña rab´bJ©ÚlTaMgxøÜnelak nigPñak´gar

rbs´elakpgEdr. KMnitsmrmü nigkarebþC\acitþrbs´elak:nCYy

oGaNaniKmGacmanCIvitrs´rankñúgqñaMTImYyd¾EsnlM:k.

kic©karBi:kénkartaMglMenAdðandMbUg RtUv:neZVIeLIgedaykarbg¡M

GñkeTasobeJ©jBlkmµ. eKRtUvvaynwgrMBat´ RbsinebIeKBMuRbwg

ERbgeZVIkar ßRbsinebIeKrt´eKc ßpwkRsaRsvwg. RbsinebIeKRbRBwtþ

bTóRkidð eKRtUvbJ¢ÚnotaMglMenAdðanenATICnbTdac´Rsyal

ßRtUvBüÜrk. GñkeTasEdl:nCab´eTasdl´kMNt´eBl køayCa

burs nigRsþImanesrIPaB ehIycUleTArs´enAkñúgshKmn¾edIm|IeZVI

kar nigciJ©wmRKYsar.

EpñkTI 5 - RbvtþiénCnCatiGURsþalIrbs´eyIg 57

OkaszµI

RbCaCnGWru¨belIkdMbUgrbs´RbeTsGURsþalI rYmpSMeLIgedayCnCati

Gg´eKøs s,útTIs (Scottish), evls¾ (Welsh) nigeG[rLg´

(Irish). CnCatis,útTIs evls¾ nigeG[rLg´ Zøab´:neZVIsRg<amCa

jwkjab´CamYyCnCatiGg´eKøskalBIGtItkal k*b¨uEnþenARbeTs

GURsþalIRkumTaMgbYnenHrs´enA ehIyeZVIkarCamYyKñaya¨gCitsñiTÆ.

TaMgGñkeTas nigGtItGñkeTascab´epþImrk:nOkaszµIenAkñúgGaNa

niKm. nayTahaneRbIeBlevlarbs´eKedIm|IrkR:k´ edayeZVI

BaNiC¢kmµ ehIyeRbIGñkeTas nigGtItGñkeTasoCYyBYkeK. min

yUrbu¨nµan GtItGñkeTasxøH:ner[bcMCamuxCMnYjedayxøÜneKpÞal´

CaGñklk´dUr. GtItGñkeTasxøHeT[tbuinRbsb´CaGñkcMkar BaNiC¢kr

m©as´hag nigm©as´et[m. GtItRsþIGñkeTask*mankarbuinRbsb´kñúg

muxCMnYj ehIyrIkraycMeBaHesrIPaBtamEbbeRcInya¨g CagRsþIenA

RbeTsGg´eKøseTAeT[t.

Caroline Chisholm ‘1808-1877’Caroline Chisholm CaGñk

EkTRmg´sg<mnaMmux EdleZVIo

RbesIrdl´sæanPaBRsþIenAlIv

kñúgGaNaniKmRKadMbUg.

Caroline mkrsenAkñúgRbeTs

GURsþalICamYynayTahanCabþI

rbs´Kat´ nigkUnR:Mnak´kñúg

qñaM 1838. Kat´:nCYynarI

GenþaRbevsn¾Edlrs´enAtam

ceJ©Imzñl´suIdnIy.kñúgry;eBl

2-3 qñaM Kat´:ner[bcMpÞH

sMNak´sMrab´narIGenþaRbevsn¾

cMnYn 16 enACMuvijGaNaniKm.

Caroline xitxMRbwgeZVIkaredIm|IeZVIoCIvitmnusSenAelIsMeBAeZVIdMeNIr

mkGaNaniKm:nlÁRbesIreLIg. Kat´k*:nsRmYlnUvEpnkarx©IR:k´

sMrab´´GñkRketakya¨k edIm|IbMEbkdMeNIrvilcuHeLIgénkarBwgBak´Ga

Rs&yelIeK nigPaBRkIRk.

bc©úb|nñenH mansalaer[nCaeRcInenAkñúgRbeTsGURsþalI:ndak´

eQµaHtam Caroline Chisholm. Kat´RtUv:neKs<al´zaCa

´mitþrbs´CnGenþaRbevsn¾ ´ ehIyRtUv:neKcgcaMcMeBaHkarRbwgERbg

BMuxøacen]yht´edIm|ICYymnusSocab´epþImCIvitzµI.

eTsaPi:ld¾PøWsVag

eZVIkarrYmKñaCamYynwgeTsaPi:l Phillip KWeTsaPi:l Lachlan

Macquarie manfan;ya¨gsMxan´kñúgRbvtþisaRsþdMbUgrbs´eyIg.

elakdwknaMGaNaniKmjÚvesAEvlenAcenøaHqñaM 1810 nig 1821.

elakbeg,ItGaNaniKmtamreb[btaMglMenAdðanedayesrI Edlmin

EmnCaGaNaniKmGñkCab´eTaseLIy. elak:neZVIoRbesIreLIgnUv

karGnuvtþn¾EpñkeZVIERscMkar nigksagpøÚvzñl´ nigTIkEnøgsaZarN;

zµI>. elak:nelIkTwkcitþomankarrukrkénRbeTsGURsþalI.

elak Macquarie :ndak´R:k´eTAkñúgEpñkGb´rM ehIyeKarBsiTÆi

rbs´GñkeTasCMnan´mun. elak:npþl´kargareTAoGñkeTasxøHoeZVI

CaecARkm nigCaGñkbMerIkic©karsaZarN;. elakeTsaPi:l.

eTsaPi:l Macquarie :nTTYlkitþiyskñúgRbvtþisaRsþcMeBaHkar

EkERbCaviC¢manEdlelak:neZVIoekItmandl´GaNaniKm. sakl

viTüal&y Macquarie enArdðjÚvesAEvlRtUv:ndak´eQµaHtam

elak.

ek¼dMENlGñkeTasrbs´eyIg

enAeRkayGaNtþirbs´elak Macquarie eK:nKitzafan;rbs´

eTsaPi:lmanGMNacZMeZgeBkcMeBaHmnusSmñak´ ehtudUecñHenA

qñaM 1823 RkumRbwkSanItib|J¦tþirdðjÚvesAEvl:nbeg,IteLIgedIm|Ipþl´

eyabl´cMeBaHeTsaPi:lelIkeRkay. RkumRbwkSanItib|J¦tþi:nsak

l|gEkTRmg´GaNaniKm edIm|Idak´TNÐkmµGñkeTaso:nRtwmRtUv

ehIykMuors´enA:nsuxRsYleBk. eTaHbICaya¨gNakþI eKminGac

Xat´XaMgOkaslÁsMrab´oGñkeTas:nrs´enAkñúgrdðjÚvesAEvl nig

kñúgGaNaniKmdéTeT[t Edl:nbeg,ItenACMuvijRbeTsGURsþalIenA

edImstvtSTI 19 eT.

GñkeTasTaMgGs´mancMnYneRcInCag 160000 nak´ RtUv:nnaMmk

RbeTsGURsþalI. RbeTsGg´eKøs:nbJÄb´karbJ¢ÚnGñkeTasmk

kan´rdðjÚvesAEvlenAqñaM 1840 mkkan´rdðzasemnIja¨enAqñaM 1852

nigmkkan´rdðGURsþalIxaglickñúgqñaM 1868.

kUnecArbs´GñkeTasmanesrIPaBrhUt edayehtuenHkarEbgEck

epSgKñarvagGñkeTasmun nigGñktaMglMenAdðan:n:t´bg´bnþicmþg>.

cab´BIrvagqñaM 1850mk GñkGaNaniKm:nRKb´RKgedayxøÜnÉg

ehIycg´ksagsg<mmYyEdlGacomaneKeKar. GñkGaNaniKm

køayeTACamankarxµas´eG[ncMeBaHeTaskMhusrbs´xøÜnBIGtItkal

ehIyQb´niyayGMBIer]gTaMgenaHeT[t. RbEhlCamYystvtSr¾

eRkaymk GarmµN¾xµas´eG[nenHk*:npøas´bþÚr. RbeTsGURsþalIcab´

epþImmanemaTnPaBcMeBaHkarmaneTasrbs´xøÜn ehIymnusSCaeRcIn

eBjcitþkñúgkartamrkbuBVbursGñkeTas.

kñúgsµartIénkareyaKyl´ CnCatiGURsþalI:nkøayeTACaRbCaCn

EdlBMucab´GarmµN¾xøaMgeTAelIedImkMeNItRKYsar ßcriyaBIGtItkal

rbs´mnusS. eyIgTTYlykmnusS eBlNaeyIgCYbeK ehIypþl´

omnusSnUvPaB ´yutþiZm( ´.

PaBCaBlrdðGURsþalI; cMNgrYmrbs´eyIg58

CnCatiedIm eRkayeBlkartaMglMenAdðanén CnCatiGWru¨b

tamkar:¨n´RbmaNKWmanCnCatiGabUrICInI nigGñkrs´enAelIekaH

Torres Strait rvag 750000 nig 1.5 lannak´

enAeBlcab´epþIm

kartaMglMenAdðanénCnCatiGWru¨b. cMnYnenHrab´bJ©ÚlRbmaN 250

RbCaCatimYy> nigPasaCag 700 Rkum.

enAeBleKtaMglMenAdðanelIkdMbUgenAkñúgRbeTsGURsþalI rdðaPi:l

Gg´eKøsBMu:neZVIsnÆisJ¦aCamYyRbCaCnGabUrICInIeT. CnCatiedIm

manesdÆkic©xøÜneKpÞal´ nigTMnak´TMngBIburaNCamYynwgTwkdI. rdða

Pi:lBuMGacTTYls<al´er]gEbbenH:neT BIeRBaHeKBMuEdlmanRbB&nÆ

ßCMen]dUcenHenATVIbGWru¨b. CnCatiGabUrICInIBMudaMdMNaM ßsg´pÞHedIm|I

enAEtmYykEnøgdUcCnCatiGg´eKøs:neZVIeT dUecñHrdðaPi:lKitza

CnCatiGabUrICInIBMumanKMnitcg´:nPaBCam©as´kmµsiTÆeLIy. rdða

Pi:lyl´zaeKGacdkhUtTwkdIBICnCatiedIm:nedayesrI.

karb¨HTg<icya¨gsøab´rs´

eTsaPi:lelIkdMbUg:nR:b´kMuoeKb¨HBal´CnCatiGabUrICInI k*b¨uEnþ

GñktaMglMenAdðanCnCatiGg´eKøs:ncUleTAkñúgTwkdIrbs´GabUrICInI

ehIymanCnCatiGabUrICInICaeRcInRtUv:neKsmøab´. CaTUeTA GñktaMg

lMenAdðanBuM:nTTYlTNÐkmµ cMeBaHkarRbRBwtþbTóRkidðTaMgenHeT.

CnCatiGabUrICInI nigGñktaMglMenAdðanxøHGacrs´enACamYyKñaeday

snþiPaB. GñktaMglMenAdðanxøH eRbICnCatiGabUrICInIoXValec[m

nighVÚgstVBahn;enAcMkar. eTsaPi:l Macquarie :nRbKl´

oCnCatiGabUrICInInUvdIpÞal´xøÜneK edIm|IeZVIcMkar niger[bcMCasala

er[nsMrab´kUnekµgGabUrICInI. eTaHCaya¨gNakþI manRbCaCnGabUrICInI

tictYcNas´Edlcg´rs´enAtamreb[bGñktaMglMenAdðan. BYkeKBMucg´

o:t´bg´TMen[mTMlab´vb|Zm(rbs´eKeLIy.

eyIgBMu:ndwgetImanCnCatiedImb¨unµannak´ RtUv:neKsmøab´enAkñúg

karRbyuTÆedIm|ITwkdI k*b¨uEnþeyIgdwgzamanRbCaCnGabUrICInIrab´ry

Ban´Gñk:nsøab´. GVIEdleZVIoCnCatiGabUrICInIsøab´eRcInCageKenaH

KWCmáW EdlCnCatiGWru¨bnaMcUlykmkkñúgRbeTsenH. kar:t´bg´CI

viténCnCatiGabUrICInI KWCamhnþrayd¾ZM. kñúgrdðvictUrIya¨¨enAnaTs

vtSr¾qñaM 1830 RbCaCnGabUrICInImanRbmaNCa 10000 nak´. enA

qñaM 1853 RbCaCnGabUrICInImanEt 1907nak´b¨ueNÑaHEdlRtUv:n

eKrab´eXIj.

RBitþikarN¾sMxan´enAkñúgRbvtiþsaRsþ

karrukrkRsavRCavGMBIekaH

enArdðjÚvesAEvl GñkGaNaniKmelIkdMbUg:nRbQmmuxnwgkar

Bi:kya¨gxøaMg. dIya¨gtictYcbMputénRbeTsGURsþalI CaTICnbT

EdlmanCIrCati. RbCaCnGabUrICInIZøab´er[nsURt RKb´RKg ehIy

rs´enAkñúgbridðanenH dUecñHeKk*mankarBi:kNas´EdrenAeBlman

karraMgsáÜt.

óbsK<ZMbMputTImYy EdlGñktaMglMenAdðanenAsuIdnIy:nRbQm

muxkñúgkarrukrkRsavRCavGMBIekaH CaPñMRbEvg 50 KILÚEmRt xaglic

suIdnIy KW Blue Mountains. enAqñaM 1813 manburs3nak´

KW Blaxland, Wentworth nig Lawson enATIbJ©b´eK:nqøg

kat´PñMenH. pøÚvzñl´ nigpøÚvEdkqøgkat´ Blue Mountains enAEt

mantampøÚvEdlBYkeKZøab´:neZVIdMeNIr.

enAEpñkm¡ageT[ténPñMTaMgenH GñkRsavRCav:nrukrkeXIjTICnbT

lVwgelVIyEdllÁsMrab´ciJ©wmec[m nighVÚgstVBahn;. eTaHCaya¨g

Nak*eday TwkdIEb¨kxagkñúgeT[tKWCaTICnbTsáÜt nigvalrehasæan.

eKmanbJØakñúgkarEsVgrkTwk nignaMykGaharo:nRKb´RKan´sMrab´

rs´enA. GñkRsavRCavrukrkedImkMeNItGaløWm¨g´ Ludwig

Leichhardt :n:t´xøÜn enAeBlkMBugsakl|gqøgkat´TVIbBIxag

ekIt eTAxaglicenAqñaM 1848.

enAqñaM 1860 Burke nig Wills :necjdMeNIrBIEm¨lb)nedIm|I

qøgkat´RbeTsGURsþalI BIt|Úg eTAeCIg. eK:ndwknaMRkumRsavRCav

rukrkd¾ZMmYy k*b¨uEnþkarqøgkat´rbs´eKmankarBi:kCaxøaMg. Burke

nig Wills BMuEmnCaGñkedIrkat´éRBeRsagEdlmankarBiesaZn¾enaH

eT. eK:nTTYlCMnYyÉkeTsBIRbCaCnGabUrICInII Yandruwandha

k*b¨uEnþGñkrukrkTaMgBIrnak´:nsøab´tampøÚvRtLb´mkvij. zVId|itEt

Burke nig Wills xkxanmin:nbMeBjkarRsavRCavrukrkrbs´BYk

eKkþI sac´er]grbs´xøÜnRtUv:neKcgcaMenAkñúgsil|; nigGkSrsaRsþ.

enHCaóTahrN¾d¾exøacpSaénPaBeXareXArbs´TwkdIeyIg.

kareZVIRsavRCavrukrkrbs´ Burke nig Wills qøgkat´RbeTsGURsþalIqñaM 1860

EpñkTI 5 - RbvtþiénCnCatiGURsþalIrbs´eyIg 59

GñktaMglMenAdðan nigGñkRtYsRtaypøÚv

sUm|IEtenAeBlEdlGñktaMglMenAdðanmandIlÁkþI CIvitenAEtmankar

Bi:kCaxøaMg. enAeRkayeBlTwkCn´lic ßkarraMgsáÜt Cajwkjab´

GñkcMkarcaM:c´RtUvcab´epþImsarCazµIeT[t. mkdl´qñaM1838 eram

ec[mCaplitplnaMecjd¾sMxan´mYyrbs´RbeTsGURsþalI ehIy

RbsinebImankarraMgsáÜt ßRbsinebItémøeramec[menARbeTseRkAZøak´

cuH GñktaMglMenAdðanRtUv:t´bg´meZüa:yrs´enArbs´eK. eTaHbICa

ya¨gNakþI RbCaCn:negIbeLIgvijedayxøÜnÉg ehIyRbyuTÆCabnþ

eTAeT[t. ´GñktyuTÆGURsþalI ´ ‘Aussie battler’ KWCaeQµaHEdl

eyIgdak´ocMeBaHGñkenArs´kñúgeBlBi:kdUcenH. GñktyuTÆGURsþalI

KWCatMNagsµartIRbyuTÆ nigkaregIbQreLIgvijrbs´CnCatiGURsþalI.

burs nigRsþIGñkRtYsRtaymuneK RtUv:nelIkkitþiyscMeBaHesckþI

køahanrbs´eKkñúgeBlBi:kTaMgenH. Cajwkjab´ RsþIRtUvbnþmux

karCMnYj ßERscMkarCabnþeT[t eBlNaburseZVIdMeNIreTAkan´TI

qáay ß:nsøab´.

KWenAkñúgry;eBlqñaMdMbUgd¾eXareXATaMgenH EdlsµartIklüaNmitþ

rbs´RbeTsGURsþalI:ncab´epþIm. sµartIklüaNmitþ KWCakmøaMgd¾

xøaMgkñúgcMeNambursEdleZVIdMeNIreTAtMbn´qáaydac´Rsyal eramstV

nigXValhVÚgstV. GñktaMglMenAdðan k*CYyKñaeTAvijeTAmkoputBI

karBi:k. RbéBNIenHenAEtCaEpñksMxan´énCIvitCnCatiGURsþalI

óTahrN¾ mnusSeRcInBan´nak´sµ&RKcitþRbyuTÆnwgePøIgeqHéRBCa

er[gral´qñaM.

karsÞúHsÞarkmas

karrkeXIjmasenArdðjÚvesAEvlenAedImqñaM 1851 RtUv:nBiBN(na

za ´karrkeXIjEdlEkERbRbCaCati ´. bnþiceRkaymkmask*RtUv

:neKrkeXIjenArdðvictUrIya¨¨pgEdr EdlCaGaNaniKmÉkraCüzµI.

mkTl´nwgcugqñaM 1852 manmnusS 90000 nak´:neZVIdMeNIrmk

kan´rdðvictUrIya¨¨ BIRKb´EpñkénRbeTsGURsþalI nigmkBIBaseBjBiPB

elakedIm|IEsVgrkmas.

kgT&BrdðaPi:lmanßkBareRKatRKatCaxøaMgcMeBaHGñkCIkman enA

eBlEdleKRbmUlézøGaC\ab&NÑsMrab´CIkrkmas. enAézáTI 11

Exvicäika qñaM 1854 manmnusScMnYn 10000 nak´:nRbmUlpþMúKñaenA

Bakery Hill, Ballarat edIm|ITTYlykeRbInUvZmµnuJ¦énsiTÆicaM:c´

kñúgliTÆiRbCaZibetyü. BYkeKcg´oGacCIkrkmas:n edayBMucaM

:c´RtUvkaRbg´R:k´sMrab´GaC\ab&NÑd¾ézø. eKk*cg´oGace:HeqñatsM

rab´omnusStMNagBYkeKpgEdr kñúgrdðsPaenArdðvictUrIya¨.

mnusSmYyRkumtUcsg´rbgcRmwgkarBarenAÉkEnøgCIkykEr¨mas

Eureka ehIybgØÚtTg´CatibHe:rrbs´eKEdlmanrUbp,ay

Southern Cross enABIelI. Pñak´garrdðaPi:l:nbJ¢ÚnTahan

edIm|IvayRbharelIrbgcRmwgkarBarenARBwkézáTI 3 ExZñÚ qñaM 1854.

minyUrb¨unµanGñkCIkmask*:ncaj´eRb[beK ehIymanmnusSRbEhl

30 nak´:nsøab´.

Tg´C&y Eureka

masRtUv:neKrkeXIjkñúgGaNaniKmrdðjÚvesAEvl nigrdðvictUrIya¨¨kñúgqñaM 1851

enAeBlembHe:rRtUvdak´otulakarvinicä&ycMeBaHGMeBIk|t´Cati BMuman

KN;vinicä&ytulakarNamYypþnÞaeTasBYkeKeT. KN;kmµkarrk

eXIjzardðaPi:lmankMhus ehIykaresñIsMuCaeRcInrbs´GñkCIkEr¨

:nRtUveKyl´RBm. esckþIR:zñarbs´eK edIm|IkarbeJ©jTsSn;

neya:yk*RtUv:nTTYlyl´RBmEdr. kñúgry;eBlmYyqñaM Peter

Lalor GñkdwknaMkarbHe:r køayCasmaCikrdðsPardðvictUrIya¨.

CaeRcInqñaMknøgmk karbHe:r Eureka :nkøayCanimitþrUbénkar

t½a nigCMen]rbs´eyIgcMeBaHPaByutþiZm(.

karsÞúHsÞarkmas:nEkERbRbeTsGURsþalIkñúgreb[beRcInya¨g. kñúg

ry;eBlénqñaMsÞúHsÞarkmas cMnYnRbCaCnGURsþalITaMgGs´:nekIn

eLIgBI 43000 nak´ enAqñaM 1851 eTAdl´ 1.7 lannak´enAqñaM

1870. pøÚvrdðePøIg nigm¨asuInTUrelxelIkTImYy RtUv:nsagsg´

enAqñaM 1850 edIm|ItP¢ab´TMnak´TMngRbCaCnEdlrIkduHdaleLIg.

KMnrmasZM>RtUv:neKrkeXIjenARKb´GaNaniKmTaMgGs´ elIkElg

EtrdðGURsþalIxagt|Úg. esdÆkic©:nrIkduHdal ehIymaskøayCa

plitplnaMecjrbs´eyIgd¾mantémø Cageramec[meTAeT[t. mk

Tl´RbEhlqñaM 1890 RbeTsGURsþalIGaceTACamankMritCIvPaBrs´

enAx¬s´CageKkñúgBiPBelak. karbHe:r Eureka RtUv:neKnwkzaCaeBlevlaénliTÆiRbCaZib

etyüd¾Gs©arükñúgRbvtþisaRsþGURsþalI. enAÉTIlanCIkmas Ballarat

qñaM 1854 GñkCIkmas:neZVIkart½ad¾ZMRbqaMgnwgreb[beXareXA

EdlPñak´garrdðaPi:l:ncat´EcgelITIlanCIkmas.

PaBCaBlrdðGURsþalI; cMNgrYmrbs´eyIg60

GñktaMgTIlMenAedayKµanc|ab´GnuJ¦at nigGñkERscMkartaMgBIézádMbUgénGaNaniKmmk mnusSEdleKs<al´Ca ´GñktaMg

TIlMenAedayKµanc|ab´GnuJ¦at ´ :nykTwkdIenAkEnøgZMlVwgelVIy

edIm|IeZVIERscMkar. zVId|itEteKBMubg´R:k´sMrab´dITaMenaHk*eday Gñk

taMgTIlMenAedayKµanc|ab´GnuJ¦atcat´Tuk dITaMgenaHzaCarbs´eK

pÞal´. enAeRkayeBlkarsÞúHsÞarkmas:ncb´ mankarts)Uya¨g

xøaMgkøaedIm|IykdIenHBIGñktaMgTIlMenAedayKµanc|ab´GnuJ¦atvij.

naTsvtS¾qñaM 1860 rdðaPi:lcg´lk´dIrbs´GñktaMgTIlMenAedayKµan

c|ab´GnuJ¦atoeTAbursGñkeZVIkar nigRKYsarrbs´eKedIm|IeZVIERscMkar.

GñktaMgTIlMenAedayKµanc|ab´GnuJ¦at xitxMrkSadIo:neRcInbMput

tamEdlGaceZVI:nsMrab´xøÜneK edayTamTarykkarCYlya¨geRcIn

CaBiessGñkEdlmanfan;x¬s´CageK.

GñkERscMkarCMnan´zµI:nRbQmmuxnwgbridðanya¨gBi:k edayenA

qáayBITIpSarrhUtTal´EtpøÚvrzePøIg:nksageLIg. OkasEdlork

:nR:k´cMNUlx¬s´enATIRkugEtgEteZVIoCIvitenAelIdI nigkargar:n

kéRmtictYcBMusUv:nTak´TajcitþeT.

eTaHCaya¨gNakþI GñkcMkareZVI:nlÁenArdðGURsþalIxagt|Úg nig

RbéBNIGURsþalIkñúgkaréqñRbDiteRK]gma¨suIn edIm|IokareZVIERscMkar

kan´EtRsYleLIg :ncab´epþImenATIenaH. óTahrN¾ ma¨suInP¢ÜrrM

elIgKl´eQI ‘naTsvtS¾qñaM 1870’ eZVIodIeRKatRKatRsYlsMGat

edIm|IeZVIdMNaMcMkar.

kareZVIGenþaRbevsn¾naTsvtS¾qñaM 1800 enAedImTsvtS¾qñaM 1800 GñktaMglMenAdðanCatiGg´eKøss,útTIs

evls¾ nigeG[rLg´ KWCaRkumcMbgenAkñúgGaNaniKm. ek¼dMENl

rbs´eKKWCamUldðanénRbCaCatizµI. eRK]gkMsanþrbs´GURsþalI

skmµPaB vb|Zm( nigkarGnuvtþn¾Epñksasna manlk¡N;dUcKña

nwgcRkPBGg´eKøs. eTaHCaya¨gNakþI k*manRkumtUcénCnGenþaRb

evsn¾mkBIGuWrub nigGasIupgEdr. karmkdl´énCnCatiGuWrubenArvag

qñaM 1800 rab´bJ©ÚlTaMgCnCatiGuItalI Rkik b¨ULÚj ma¨l´et

nigrusSIú k*dUcCaGñktaMglMenAdðanCati:raMg EdleZVIkarkñúgósSah

kmµbiTRsaEdr. CnTaMgenHPaKeRcInKWCabursekµgEsVgrkkargar

nigRTBüsm|tþi ßGñkedIrsmuRTEdlrt´ecalk:¨l´rbs´eK.

CnGenþaRbevsn¾Caticincab´epþImmkdl´RbeTsGURsþalIenAeRkayqñaM

1842. cMnYnrbs´eKekIneLIgeRkaykarrkeXIjmas ehIymanTM

nas´EpñkBUCsasn¾enAelITIlanCIkrkmas. karenHCYnkalbNþal

omankub|kmµRbqaMgnwgCnCaticin dUcCaer]gehtuekItmanenAtMbn´

Bendigo kñúgqñaM 1854. TMnas´EpñkBUCsasn¾naMomankardak´kMhit

EpñkGenþaRbevsn¾CaelIkTImYyenArdðvictUrIya¨kñúgqñaM 1855 nigenArdð

jÚvesAEvlkñúgqñaM 1861.

enAeRkaykarsÞúHsÞarkmaskñúgrvagqñaM 1850 CnCaticinPaKeRcInvil

RtLb´eTAkanRsukrbs´eKvij. kñúgcMeNamGñkEdlenACaCnCaticin

KWGñkdaMsYnbEnøsMrab´TIpSarEdlpþl´bEnøEpøeQIRss´EdlcaM:c´Ca

eRcInkñúgtMbn´EdlmankarxVHxatTwk.

cab´BITsvtSr¾qñaM 1860 mnusSmkBIRbeTsGuIr¨g´ eGhSIb nigTYrKImk

edIm|IeZVIRbtibtþikar ´hVwkhVWn ´ stVGUdÆtamtMbn´qáaydac´Rsyal

kñúgRbeTsGURsþalI . eRkaymk manGñkCiHGUdÆCati«eNÐ{ EdleK

eyagzaCaCnCatiGahVh<anIsþan edaysarehtuCacMbgKWsemø{kbM

Bak´dUcKñarbs´eK nigCMen]rYmelIsasnaGIusøam. GñkCiHGUdÆTaMgenH

RtUv:ncat´TukzaCa ´GñkRtYsRtaydIEb¨kxagkñúgRbeTs ´. man

CnCati«eNÐ{RbEhlCa 4000 nak´ nigGñkrs´enAelIekaH:¨suIhVik

6000nak´eZVIkarenAkñúgósSahkmµs,r nigeckkñúgrdðXVInEsønpgEdr.

cab´BIRKaqñaM 1880mk GñkeZVIkarBIRbeTslIbg´:nmkdl´RbeTs

GURsþalI. CnCatilIbg´CaeRcIn:ncUlrYmkñúgósSahkmµRkNat´

nigsemø{kbMBak´. RKYsarCnCatilIbg´EdlmkPaKeRcInmanCMnYj

vaMgnnCarbs´´xøÜnpÞal´ tamTICnbTRbeTsGURsþalI CaRbéBNIEdl

bnþmkdl´bc©úb|nñenH.

TIbMrugrbs´CnCatiGabUrICInI

eRkayBIkarRbyuTÆelIkdMbUgrvagRbCaCnGabUrICInI nigGñktaMglMenA

dðanGMBIer]gTwkdI:ncb´ RbCaCnGabUrICInIrs´enAEk|reRkamvNÑ;

sg<m. GñkxøHeZVIkarenAksidðanciJ©wmec[m nighVÚgstVBahn;enA

tMbn´qáaydac´RsyalEdlrk:n R:k´kMérya¨gTabbMput. rdða

Pi:lGaNaniKm:ner[bcMTIbMrugEdlCnCatiGabUrICInwgGacrs´enA

:n k*b¨uEnþTIkEnøgTaMgenaHminGnuJ¦atoRbCaCnGabUrICInIrs´enAtam

CIvitRbéBNIrbs´BYkeKeT. eKminGacbr:j´ nigRbmUlpþMútamcitþ

cg´:neT.

enAcugTsvtS¾qñaM 1800 rdðaPi:lGaNaniKmdksiTÆirbs´CnCati

GabUrICInIecj. eKGñkR:b´CnCatiGabUrICInI GMBIkEnøgNaEdleK

RtUvrs´enA. rdðaPi:lGaNaniKmR:b´CnCatiGabUrICInI GMBIGñkNa

EdleKGacer[bkarCamYy:n ehIyeK:nykkUnekµgGabUrICInIecj

BIÓBukmþayrbs´eK. kUnekµgTaMgenHRtUv:neKbJ¢ÚneTAoRKYsarCn

CatiEs|ks ßmNÐlkumarkMRBarbs´rdðaPi:l. karGnuvtþn¾TaMgenH

ElgmaneT[tehIy k*b¨uEnþvaenAEtCabuBVehtunaMomankarekItTuk¡ya¨g

RCaleRCAcMeBaHRbCaCnGabUrICInI nigcMeBaHCnCatiGURsþalICaeRcIn.

GñkCiHGUdÆCatiGahVh<anIsþan enAtMbn´qáaydac´RsyalénRbeTsGURsþalI

EpñkTI 5 - RbvtþiénCnCatiGURsþalIrbs´eyIg 61

siTÆie:Heqñat

‘Suffragettes’ KWCaBaküEdleKeRbICMuvijBiPBelak sMrab´RsþI

EdleZVIyuTÆnakaredIm|Io:nsiTiÆe:Heqñatkñúgkare:HeqñateRCIstaMg.

kñúgry;eBlénRKaqñaM 1880 nig 1890RKb´GaNaniKmmanya¨gehac

Nas´sg<mmYyEdlmansiTÆie:Heqñat. Suffragettes RbmUlhtæ

elxaCaeRcInBan´nak´elIJ¦tþiTamTar edIm|Idak´CUneTArdðsPaGaNa

niKm.

RsþIenArdðGURsþalIxagt|ÚgTTYl:nsiTÆie:Heqñat ehIyEsVgrkoeK

e:HeqñatsMrab´rdðsPaenAqñaM 1895. RsþIenAGURsþalIxaglicTTYl

:nsiTiÆe:HeqñatenAqñaM 1899.

kñúgqñaM 1902 RbeTsGURsþalIKWCaRbeTsTImYyEdloRsþImansiTiÆe:H

eqñat nigsiTÆiRtUv:neKeRCIstaMgenAkñúgrdðsPaGURsþalI. RsþI nig

bursCnCatiedImBMumansiTÆie:HeqñateTrhUtdl´qñaM 1962.

Edith Cowan køayCaRsþIsmaCiksPaTImYy enAeBlEdlKat´

RtUv:neKeRCIstaMgenArdðsPaGURsþalIxaglicenAqñaM 1923. rhUt

dl´qñaM 1943 eTIbRsþI Enid Lyons RtUv:neKeRCIstaMgsMrab´rdð

sPaGURsþalI.

Catherine Spence ‘1825-1910’

Catherine Spence

CaGñkniBnÆ GñkeTsna

bJ©úHbJ©Úl GñkKaMRTRsþIePT

nigGñkTamTarsiTiÆe:Heqñat.

Catherine Spence eZVI

GenþaRbevsn¾BIs,útElnmk

kan´RbeTsGURsþalI. Kat´:n

sresrRbelamelak TTYl:n

rgVan´GMBICIvitCnCatiGURsþalI

k*dUcCakarsresrGMBIes[vePAsM

rab´salaer[nEdr.

Kat´:nCYyer[bcMGg<karmYy edIm|ICYydl´kUnekµgEdlKµanpÞH

sEm|g nigCYyp<t´p<g´salametyüzµI nigsalamZümsikSasaZa

rN;sMrab´narI.

Kat´CaRsþITImYyEdl:nQreQµaHsMrab´sPa nigTTYlsnøwkeqñatCa

eRcIn k*b¨uEnþKat´BMu:nQñHekAGIkñúgrdðsPaeT. enAqñaM 1891 Kat´

køayeTACaRbZanrgénRkumsm¬&nÆedIm|IsiTiÆe:Heqñatrbs´RsþIrdðGURsþalI

xagt|Úg.

Catherine Spence KWCanimitþrUbénGVIEdlRsþIGaceZVI:nseRmc

sUm|IEtenAkñúgeBltwgEtgk*eday.

shB&nÆ

GaNaniKm:nrIkcMerIndac´edayELkBIKña k*b¨uEnþenAcugstvtSr¾TI19

mtiTUeTAGMBIGVICarbs´Cati:nrIkduHdaleLIg. GarmµN¾enHRtUv:n

sEmþgecjCaBaküén ‘Advance Australia Fair’´. ceRm[genH

RtUv:nsresreday Peter Dodds McCormick ehIyCa

ceRm[gTImYyenAsIudnIyqñaM 1878. «LÚvenHKWCaePøgCatirbs´eyIg.

eq¬aHeTATIbJ©b´énstvtür¾TI 19 karb¨unb¨gBIrelIk:nRtUveZVIeLIgedIm|I

naMGaNaniKmcUlCamYyKña. kñúgqñaM 1889 elak Henry Parkes

:nGMBavnavedIm|Ibeg,ItCaRbCaCatizµImYyEdlxøaMg. snñisiTÆshB&nÆ

GURsþalIRtUv:neZVIeLIgkñúgqñaM 1890 edIm|IBiPakSaGMBIKMniténshB&nÆ

GURsþalI.

eRkayBIkaryWtyUrxøHmk clnaeq¬aHeTAkan´shB&nÆ:nbEnæmel|}n

enAqñaM 1893. Gñke:HeqñateRCIstaMgerIsyksmaCikénsnñi:t

ZmµnuJ¦elIkeRkay. Gñke:HeqñateRCIstaMge:HeqñatRbCamtiCaBIr

elIkedIm|ITTYlykrdðZmµnuJ¦. karBitEdldMeNIrkarshB&nÆman

mUldðantamkarb¨gR:zñarbs´RbCaCn bgØajoeXIjzaetIRbeTs

GURsþalI:nrIkduHdalya¨gNaxøH.

ézáshB&nÆenARkug Brisbane qñaM 1901

PaBCaBlrdðGURsþalI; cMNgrYmrbs´eyIg62

rdðaPi:lGg´eKøsyl´RBmza RbeTsGURsþalIGacRKb´RKgedayxøÜn

Ég:n ehIyrdðaPi:lGURsþalITImYy:ncUls|zsc©acMeBaHmux

hVÚgmnusSd¾eRcInenAsYnóTüanRbcaMstvtSr¾sIudnIyenAézáTI 1 Exmkra

qñaM 1901. NaykrdðmRnþIénRbCaCatizµIKWelak Edmund Barton

CaGñkEdl:ndwknaMclnaedIm|IshB&nÆenArdðjÚvesAEvl.

eBlenaHGURsþalICaRbCaCatiEtmYy k*b¨uEnþenAeRkamcRkPBGg´eKøs

enAeLIy. eKBMuTan´:nTTYlGMNaceBjeljelIEpñkkarBarCati

nigkic©karbreTseT rhUtdl´qñaM 1931. zVId|itmanGarmµN¾esñha

Cati:nrIkZMeLIgk*eday KMnitEdlyl´zaGURsþalICaCatiGg´eKøsenA

EtmanxøaMgenAeLIy.

edaysarKN;bkSkargarrIkkan´EtZMeLIgenaH KN;bkSdéTeT[t

TaMgGs´k*:nrYmpSMKñabeg,IteTACaKN;bkSesrIkñúg (Liberal Party)

qñaM 1910. KN;bkSenHmaneQµaHCaeRcIn. enAcenøaHsRg<am eK

køayeTACaKN;bkSCatiniym (Nationalist Party) ehIybnÞab´

mkeTACaKN;bkSbRgYbbRgYmGURsþalI (United Australia

Party). enAqñaM 1944 KN;bkSesrIEdleyIgs<al´enAeBlbc©úb

|nñ

enHRtUv:nbeg,IteLIg. enHeZVItamsnñi:ter[bcMeLIgedayelak

Robert Menzies Tak´TinnwgKN;bkSCaeRcInEdlminEmnCa

KN;bkSkargar. elak Robert Menzies eRkaymkkøayCa

naykrdðmRnþIGURsþalI EdlbMerIkic©kar:nyUrCageK.

eRkaysRg<amelakelIkTIImYy KN;bkSCnbTRtUv:nbeg,IteLIg

edIm|IeZVIobuBVehturbs´GñkERscMkarmanclnaeTAmux. bc©úb|nñenH

RtUv:neKs<al´zaCaKN;bkSCati (Nationals) CaTUeTAeKman

skmµPaBcUlrYmCamYynwgKN;bkSesrI.

c|ab´dak´kMhitelIkareZVIGenþaRbevsn¾qñaM 1901(Immigration Restrictions Act 1901)eKalkarN¾ ´RbeTsGURsþalIénCnCatiEs|ks ´ :nkøayCac|ab´

enAeBlkardak´kMhitelIkareZVIGenþaRbevsn¾ qñaM 1901

(Immigration Restrictions Act 1901) RtUv:nGnum&t

enAExZñÚ qñaM 1901. c|ab´enHdak´kMhitCnGenþaRbevsn¾minoeZVIkar

kñúgRbeTsGURsþalI nigcMeBaHkareZVIGenþaRbevsn¾énmnusSEdl

´minEmnCaCnCatiEs|ks ´.

GñkNaEdlBuMmanedImkMeNItBIRbeTstGWru¨b RtUvRbLgsresrtam

GancMnYn 50 BaküCaPasaGWru¨b. smaCikénsPaBaNiC¢kmµcinKW

emZavI William Ah Ket nigCaBaNiC©krcin GñknaMmux:neZVIkar

t½aCasaZarN; k*b¨uEnþkarTaMgenHmin:neCaKC&yenAkñúgkarpøas´bþÚr

c|ab´eT.

CnCaticin «eNÐ{ Gñkrs´enAekaH:¨suIhVik nigmnusSmkBImCÄwm

bUBa(mYycMnYnZM RtUv:nCMnYsedayCnGenþaRbevsn¾mkBIGWru¨bxagt|Úg

kñúgshB&nÆGURsþalIzµI> k*b¨uEnþkarpþl´viPaKTanEpñkvb|Zm(rbs´eK

:neTACacMENkénGtþsJ¦aNsg<m RbeTsGURsþalIrYceTAehIy.

sRg<amelakelIkTImYy 1914-1918 eRkABIkarRbyuTÆtUctacrvagGñktaMglMenAdðan nigRbCaCnGabUrICImk

RbeTsGURsþalIKWCaRbeTssnþiPaBmYyKYrokt´sm<al ´EdlBMuman

sRg<amsuIvil ßbdivtþn¾eT. GñktaMglMenAdðanTImYyesµaHRtg´CamYy

cRkPBGg´eKøsCaxøaMg.

elak Edmund Barton

karkekIteLIgénKN;bkSneya:y

enARKaqñaM 1880 GñkeZVIkarenARbeTsGURsþalI:nksagnUvshCIB

BaNiC¢kmµd¾xøaMg. enAkñúgeBlBi:kénOnPaBesdÆkic© nigkarrIg

sáÜt shCIBTaMgenH:neZVIkUdkmµedIm|IkarBarR:k´cMNUl nigl&k¡

x&NÐrbs´eK. bnÞab´mkGñkeZVIkar:ngakeTArkEpñkneya:yvij.

kñúgqñaM 1891 eKk*:nbeg,ItKN;bkSkargar.

kic©karTImYyrbs´KN;bkSkargarKWedIm|IQñH:nmkvij nigeZVIo

R:k´QñÜl nigl&k¡x&NÐÐrbs´GñkeZVIkar:nRbesIreLIg. RbCaCnzñak´

kNþalrs´enA:nRsYlCagGñkeZVIkar k*b¨uEnþeKyl´BIsæanPaBrbs´

GñkeZVIkar. KN;kmµkarbuK<likRtUv:nbeg,ItedIm|IkMNt´R:k´QñÜl

nigbg,arnUvkareZVIkUdkmµ. enAqñaM 1907 tulakarEpñksMruHsMrYl nig

GaC\akNþal:nkMNt´kMritR:k´QñÜlticbMput edIm|IobursGñkeZVIkar

RbBnÆrbs´eK nigkUnbInak´Gacrs´enA:nRsYledayman

´karsnSMsMéc ´.

EpñkTI 5 - RbvtþiénCnCatiGURsþalIrbs´eyIg 63

eTaHCaya¨gNakþI kñúgfan;CaCnCatiGWur¨ubenACYrmuxeKEk|rRbeTsGasuI

RbeTsGURsþalImanGarmµN¾zaxøÜngayTTYlrgeRKaHNas´ CaBiess

eRkayeBlRbeTsCb¨unkøayeTACamhaGMNacZMmk. RbeTsGURsþa

lITukcitþelIcRkPBGg´eKøs nigkmøaMgkgnavacrN¾rbs´eKedIm|I

karBareyIg. RbeTsGURsþalI:nRbyuTÆkñúgsRg<amelakTaMgBIrelIk

edIm|IrkSacRkPBGg´eKøso:nxøaMg nigkarBarxøÜneyIgpÞal´.

TahanGURsþalIcUlrYmkñúgsRg<amelakelIkTImYy kñúgqñaM 1915

edaykarvayRbhareTAelIsm¬&nÆmitþrbs´GaLWmg´ KWRbeTsTYrKI.

kgT&BGURsþalI nigjÚveh)SLwnRtUv:neKocMENkpÞal´xøÜnenAeRCay

Gallipoli Peninsula edIm|IeZVIkarvayRbhar.

BYkeKRtUv:ndak´eTAelIeqñrsmuRTxuskEnøg ehIyRtUvetageLIgRcaMg

d¾ecatkñúgeBlEdlRtUv:j´edaykgT&BTYrKI. eTaHCaya¨gNak*eday

BYkeK:neLIgeTAelImat´RcaMg nigCIkreNþA zVId|itEtmanbursekµg>

CaeRcIn:nsøab´. CnCatiGURsþalIenAkñúgRsukmanemaTnPaBya¨g

sem|ImkñúgsµartIén Anzacs.

elak Simpson niglarbs´Kat´ - John Simpson Kirkpatrick ‘1892-1915’

elak John Simpson Kirkpatrick CaGñkbMerIenAkñúgkgT&B

nigCaGñkniTaner]gGURsþalI.

Kñúgfan;CaBleTa John

Simpson Kat´:nbMerIenAÉ

Gallipoli kñúgRkumLaneBTüCa

GñkelIkEsñgGñkrbYs. eKman

karBi:kkñúgkarelIkEsñgedIr

tamkUnPñM nigRClgPñM. eday

CMTas´nwgbJ¢arbs´kgT&B Kat´

:neRbIstVlaeQµaH Duffy

edIm|ICYydwkCJ¢ÚnTahanEdl

RtUvrbYsedIm|IRtLb´eTAkEnøgman

suvtæiPaBvij.

TaMgézáTaMgyb´ BImYyema¨geTAmYyema¨g eKRbzuyeRKaHzñak´dl´CIvit

edayeZVIdMeNIrenAcenøaHkarRbyuTÆ nigCMrMutameqñr.

BleTa John Simpson :nmkdl´ Gallipoli enAézáTI 25

Exemsa qñaM 1915. Kat´:neKRtUv:j´søab´bYnGaTitüeRkaymk

edaykaMePøIgynþrbs´BYksRtUv. mnusSbMerIkñúgkgT&BenAÉCMrMutameqñr

QremIlTaMgTuk¡RBYyedaysáat´esá[medayeXIj Duffy enAEtdwk

TahanrbYsedIrRtwk> eq¬aHeTAkan´eqñredayKµanm©as´ekµgrbs´eKenA

Ek|r.

eRCay Gallipoli Peninsula kñúgeBlsRg<amelakelIkTImYy

ézáExénkareLIgeKakenAÉ Gallipoli ‘ézáTI 25 Exemsa’ KWCaézá

buNüCati. enHRtUv:nehAzaézá Anzac Day sMrab´kgT&B

GURsþalI nigjÚveh)SLwn.

eRkayBI Gallipoli kgkmøaMgGURsþalI:nRbyuTÆenAelIrN;sirSxag

licRbeTs:raMg. KWenARtg´kEnøgenHehIyEdleKmaneQµaHzayuTÆ

CnGñkCIkdI ‘diggers’ BIeRBaHeK:ncMNayeBlya¨geRcInedIm|I

CIk nigCYsCulelNdðan. dwknaMedayembJ¢akarrbs´eKKWótþm

esnIy John Monash yuTÆCnGURsþalI:nTTYleCaKC&yd¾ZM

sem|ImkñúgkarRbyuTÆcugeRkayRbqaMgnwgRbeTsGaLWmg´.

TaMgburs nigRsþIEdlbMerIkñúgkgT&BGURsþalIk*:nbMerIenAmCÄwmbUBa(pg

Edr edaykarcUlrYmkñúgkic©karBarERBkCIksuyeGh* (Suez Canal)

nigkarvayyk:neRCaysIuéNy* (Sinai Peninsula) edaykgT&B

sm¬&nmitþ.

PaBCaBlrdðGURsþalI; cMNgrYmrbs´eyIg64

er]gniTan Anzac RbéBNI Anzac :nbeg,IteLIgenAézáTI 25 Exemsa qñaM 1915 eBlEdlkgkmøaMgGURsþalI nigjÚveh)SLwn (ANZAC) eLIgeKakenAeRCay

Gallipoli Peninsula kñúgRbeTsTYrKI.

eKbJ¢ak´GMBIkarcab´epþImyuTÆnakarEdlmanry;eBl 8 Ex EdlbNþalo:t´bg´CIvitTahanGURsþalIRbmaNCa 25000 nak´ rab´bJ©ÚlTaMg

8700 nak´Edl:nRtUveKsmøab´ ßsøab´edaysarrbYs ßCmáW. esckþIkøahan nigsµartIénGñkTaMgenaHEdlbMerIenAeRCay

Gallipoli Peninsula :neZVIoekItCaer]gniTaneLIg ehIy ‘Anzac’ køayCaEpñkénPasarbs´RbeTsGURsþalI nigjÚveh)SLwn.

kñúgqñaM 1916 KWézáxYbkMeNItTImYyénkareLIgeKak:nRtUvRbtibtþienAkñúgRbeTsGURsþalI jÚveh)SLwn nigGg´eKøs k*dUcKñaedaykgT&BenARbeTs

eGhSIúbEdr. enAkñúgqñaMenaH ézáTI 25 Exemsa:nRtUveKdak´eQµaHzaCaézá ‘Anzac Day’´.

RKaqñaM 1920 ézáBiZIrMlwkézá Anzac Day :nRtUveZVIenABaseBjRbeTsGURsþalI ehIyrdð:ncat´Ecgoézá Anzac Day CaézábuNüsa

ZarN;. kEnøgrMlwkviJ¦aNx&nÆyuTÆCnsøab´kñúgsRg<amZM>:nRtUvsg´kñúgraCZanI nigbUCnIydðankñúgTIRkug nigkñúgTIRbCMuCnBaseBjRbeTsCati

edIm|IrMlwkdl´burs nigRsþIekµgEdl:nsøab´enAkñúgCemøaHenH nigCemøaHeRkay>eT[t.

«LÚvenH ézá Anzac Day KWCaézápþl´kitþiysdl´GñkTaMgenaHEdl:nbMerIenAkñúgsRg<amCemøaH nigRbtibtþikarrkSasnþiPaB. enHminEmnCaBiZI

rwlwkEpñkkgT&Bya¨gBitR:kdeT. enHBMuEmnpþl´kitþiyscMeBaHeCaKC&yeT-yuTÆnakarenA Gallipoli RtUv:nbraC&y. ézáTaMgenHpþl´kitþiys

cMeBaHKuNsm|tþiburs nigRsþIsamJ¦EdlbMerIkñúgkgT&B; klüaNmitþ PaBGt´Zµt´ nigmenaseJ©tnaenAcMeBaHmuxPaBepSg>Kña. bc©úb|nñenH ézá

Anzac Day :nRtUveKeZVIBiZIrMlwkkñúgRbeTsGURsþalI nigCMuvijBiPBelak. burs nigRsþIkñúgkic©bMerIGURsþalIEdl:nRtLb´mkBIeZVIIsRg<amelak

elIkTIBIr nigCemøaHdéTeT[t k*dUcCakgrkSasnþiPaB nigTahaneCIgcas´mkBIRbeTssm¬&nÆmiRtdéTeT[t TaMgGs´Kña:nedIredaymanemaTnPaB

kñúgk|ÜnEhr ézá Anzac Day.

BiZIrMlwkézá Anzac Day naeBlRBHGaTitürHenA Gallipoli

EpñkTI 5 - RbvtþiénCnCatiGURsþalIrbs´eyIg 65

vibtþiesdÆkic©d¾ZM qñaM 1929-1932 vibtþiesdÆkic©d¾ZM KWCaeBlEdlmankarBi:kbMputcMeBaHRbCaCnenARbeTsGURsþalI. eKcab´epþImkñúgeBlCamYyKñanwgkardYlrlMénTIpSarh)unenA

TIRkugjÚy¨k k*b¨uEnþmanktþadéTeT[tEdrEdlnaMoekItmanvibtþiesdÆkic©. TaMgenHrab´bJ©ÚlTaMgkarZøak´cuHéntémø nigkarlk´plitplnaMecj

karZøak´cuHénR:k´km©IeRkARbeTs nigkarkat´cMNayrbs´rdðaPi:l nigkarZøak´cuHénEpñksagsg´. enABak´kNþalqñaM 1932 swgEt 32

PaKryénCnCatiGURsþalI:n:t´bg´kargareZVI.

karb¨HTg<icénvibtþiesdÆkic©mkelIsg<mGURsþalI KWCamhnþraymYy.

edayKµankargareZVI nigR:k´cMNUleT[gTat´ mnusSCaeRcIn:t´bg´

pÞHsEm|grbs´eK. eKRtUvbg¡Mcitþrs´enAkñúgCMrkCabeNþaHGasnñeday

Kµanma¨suInkMedA nigGnam&y. ÓBukxøHrt´ecalRKYsarrbs´eK ßkøay

CaGñkRbmwk. kUnekµgénvNÑ;GñkeZVIkar cab´epþImcakecjBIsalaer[n

enAGayu 13 ß 14 qñaM. RsþICaeRcIneZVIkarkñúgkargarEdlcaM:c´dUc

CakaremIlEzkUnrbs´eK nigpÞHedayxøÜnÉg.

kñúgeBlkarnaMeq¬aHeTArkvibtþiesdÆkic© rdðaPi:lGURsþalIBuMmankmµviZI

mCÄwmsMrab´Gñk«tkargareZVIeT. eRkAEtBIGg<kar sb|úrsZm( nigGg<

karÉkCnxøH RbCaCnRkIRkRtUvsg¹wmelIKMeragkargar nigKMeragkic©

karsaZarN;.

esdÆkic©cab´epþImRbesIreLIgvijenAqñaM 1932 k*b¨uEnþkñúgkrNIyCaeRcIn

karxUcxatEdlmaneTAelIRKYsarminGacCYsCul vij:neLIy. kñúg

ry;eBlvibtþiesdÆkic©d¾ZM muxgarsMxan´>rbs´Gg<karsb|úrsZm(GURsþa

lI nigGñksµ&RKcitþkan´EtelceLIgoeXIjc|as´.

kardYss)ubEckBIcRg,andaMsø kñúgeBlekItmanvibtþiesdðkic©

elak Charles Kingsford Smith ‘1897-1935’ elak Charles Kingsford Smith CaGñkebIkynþehaHd¾køahan GñkRtYsRtayEpñkGakascrN¾

nigCavirbursGURsþalI.

kñúgsRg<amelakelIkTImYy elak Charles Kingsford Smith :nRbyuTÆenA Gallipoli

nigehaHehIrCamYykgGakascrN¾.

karseRmc:neCaKC&yZMbMputrbs´Kat´KWkarehaHkat´smuRT:¨suIhVik BIkalIhV&rnIja¨ mkrdðXVInEsøn

enAqñaM 1928. TIbJ©b´ enAeBlynþehaHrbs´Kat´eQµaH Southern Cross :nehaHmkdl´GURsþalI

RbCaCnEdleKarBRsLaj´Kat´cMnYn 25000 nak´ :nmkTIenaHedIm|IERskGbGrsaTrvirbursrbs´xøÜn

‘Smithy’´. Kat´:nRtUvEtgtaMgCaGsSßTÆicMeBaHkic©bMerIrbs´Kat´ dl´GakascrN¾enAqñaM 1932.

KYroexøacpSar edayehtuenAqñMa 1935 Kat´:nZøak´ynþehaHkñúgeBlehaHehIrBIRbeTsGg´eKøs mkkan´

RbeTsGURsþalI ehIy:nRtUv:t´xøÜnrhUtmk.

elak Charles Kingsford Smith :nRtUveKcat´TukzaCaGñkebIkynþehaHd¾Gs©arüCageKkñúgelak ehIyKat´:nRtUveKnwkeXIjcMeBaHkar

pþl´oRbCaCnenABak´kNþaleBlmanvibtþiesdÆkic© nUvvirbursGURsþalId¾BitR:kdmYyrUbsMrab´eKarB.

PaBCaBlrdðGURsþalI; cMNgrYmrbs´eyIg66

sRg<amelakelIkTI 2 qñaM 1939-1945enAkñúgsRg<amelakelIkTI 2 kgT&BGURsþalI:nRbyuTÆedIm|Ism¬&nÆmitþ

enAelITIrehafanGaRhVikxageCIg nigenATIkEnøgdéTeT[tCaeRcIn.

enAGaRhVikxageCIg eK:nRbyuTÆenAkñúgkareLamB&TÆd¾Evgrbs´kgT&B

GaLWmg´ nigGIutalIkñúgTIRbCMuCn Tobruk. sRtUvehABYkeKzaCa

´kNþúrzURbuk ´ BIeRBaHeKRtUvCab´erIxøÜnminrYc ehIybriePaKGaharGVIk*

edayEdleKGacrk:n. kgT&BGURsþalIRbyuTÆ nigenArs´kñúgsæan

PaBd¾twgEtgTaMgenH edayehtuenHeKTTYlykeQµaHenHsMrab´xøÜneK.

kareLamB&TæenHbgØajoeXIjza bursTaMgGs´enHmansµartIRbyuTÆ

rbs´yuTÆCnGñkCIkdIenAsRg<amelakelIkTImYy. BYkTahanxøÜnÉg

dwgzaeKrs´enAsMrab´TMen[mTMlab´d¾Gs©arümYyEdleKman.

eRkayeBlRbeTsCb¨uncab´epþImsRg<amrbs´eKenAtMbn´:¨suIhVik Cn

CatiGURsþalITaMgburs nigRsþIEdlbMerIkñúgkgT&B:nRtLb´mkRsuk

eTsvij. munnwgBYkeKGacRtLb´mkvij:n :¨BYrjÚh<Ien[caM:c´

RtUvTTYlkarkarBar. kic©kard¾sem|ImenH:nRbKl´oTahankñúgRkb

x&NÐ nigTahanekNÐekµg>Edlmin:nhVwkhat´oditdl´. eKRb

yuTÆnwgsRtUvenAkñúgéRBeRsag RBmTaMgelIpøÚvlMecatEbkPk´Edl

s<al´zaCapøÚvRkLikRkLúkenAkUkUda (Kokoda Track).. kgT&B

GURsþalI:nbJÄb´dMeNIrmkmuxénkgT&BCb¨un ehIypøÚvRkLikRkLúk

enAkUkUda k*:ncUlrYmCamYyqksmuRT Anzac Cove enA

Gallipoli CakEnøgeZVIZmµyaRtaénCnCatiGURsþalICaeRcInnak´.

karcgcaMrbs´GURsþalId¾exøacpSarmYyGMBIsRg<am KWGMBIkareZVI:bya¨g

sahavyg´XñgelIBYkbursTaMgenaHedayBYkkgT&BCb¨un. zVId|ItEt

TahanGURsþalICaeQøIysRg<amEmnBit eKxitxMRbwgERbgCYyemIlKña

eTAvijeTAmkNas´ ehIymannayTahanRbusRsIRbRBwtþcMeBaHKñaeTA

vijeTAmkedayPaBesµIrKña ehIymanCnCatiGURsþalICaeRcIn:nsøab´.

ézárMlwkcgcaMk*dUcCaBiZIbuNüCapøÚvkarénézá Anzac Day Edr ézácgcaMk*Caézá

EdlCnCatiGURsþalInwkeXIjGñkTaMgGs´enaHEdl:nbMerI nigsøab´

enAkñúgsRg<am. enAevlaema¨g 11 RBwk ézáTI 11 Exvicäika

‘ExTI 11’ ral´qñaM CnCatiGURsþalI:nQb´sRmakya¨gxøIedIm|I

rMlwkGMBIkarlHbg´rbs´burs nigRsþIEdl:nsøab´ ßQWcab´kñúg

sRg<am nigCemøaHk*dUcCacMeBaHGñkEdl:ncUlbMerIkñúgkic©karenH

Edr. enAézáenaH eyIgBak´rUbp,apubPIRkhm (poppy).

TahanrbYsenApøÚvRkLikRkLúkkUkUda :nCYyedayGñkEsgCnCati:¨BYr

p,apubPIRkhmRtUv:neRbICanimitþrUbénkarrMlwkcgcaM cab´taMgBI

sRg<amelakelIkTImYyrhUtmk.

enAeBlCb¨unyk:nmUldðanT&BGg´eKøsenAsaMgh<aBYr qñaM 1942

kgT&BGURsþalIcMnYn 15000 nak´ enAkñúgcMeNamGñkEdlRtUvcab´

:nCaeQøIy ehIyykeTAeZVIkarsagsg´pøÚvrzePøIgéz-PUma. KWkñúg

karsg´pøÚvrzePøIgéz-Puma enAeRkamCb¨un kñúgry;eBlsRg<amelak

elIkTI 2 enHehIy EdleQøIysRg<amGURsþalI nigGg´eKøsrab´Ban´

nak´:nsøab´.

kñúgeBlzµI>enH kgkmøaMgkarBarCatiGURsþalI:ncUlrYmkñúgCemøaHenA

TIm&rxagekIt GIura¨k´ s)Udg´ nigGah<anIsþg´ ehIy:nrYmcMENkkñúg

RbtibtþikarrkSasnþiPaB rbs´Gg<karshRbCaCatiCaeRcInkEnøgkñúg

BiPBelak rab´bJ©ÚlTaMgGaRhVik mCÄwmbUBa( nigPUmiPaKGasIu

:¨suIhVik.

EpñkTI 5 - RbvtþiénCnCatiGURsþalIrbs´eyIg 67

CnGenþaRbevsn¾CatiGWru¨bmkdl´RbeTsGURsþalI

elak Edward ‘Weary’ Dunlop ‘1907-1993’elak Edward ‘Weary’

Dunlop KWCaeBTüvHkat´d¾

køahan nigykcitþTukdak´

ehIyCavirbursGURsþalIkñúg

sRg<am.

kñúgsRg<amelakelIkTI 2 elak

Weary CaeBTüTahanEpñk

vHkat´. elak nigKñIKñaRbus>

rbs´elak RtUv:nTahanCb¨un

cab´CaeQøIy ehIyykeTARb

eTsPUmaeZVIkarsagsg´pøÚvrzePøIg

éz-Puma. enHKWCakic©kard¾yUr ehIyBi:kCaxøaMg.

kñúgfan;CaembJ¢akarrbs´eK elak Weary eLIgniyaykarBar

kUnecArbs´Kat´ nigkñúgnaméneBTüvHkat´rbs´BYkeK Kat´:ncMNay

eBlCaeRcInema¨geZVIoBYkeK:nCasHes|Iy. Kat´RtUveKeZVITaruNkmµ

kñúgCMruM k*b¨uEnþenAEtbnþbMerIkic©karTaMgrwgTTwg.

Kat´:nRtUvpþl´fan;CaGsSßTÆienAqñaM 1969 cMeBaHkarpþl´viPaKTan

rbs´Kat´kñúgvis&yevC¢saRsþ. enAeBlKat´søab´ manmnusScMnYn

10 000 nak´:nQrtRmg´CYrtampøÚvenARkugEm¨lb)n edIm|IeKatrB

buNüsBCapøÚvkarénvirbursEdleKehAza

´RKUeBTüvHkat´tamdgpøÚvrzePIøg ´ .

kareZVIGenþaRbevsn¾enAedImqñaM 1900 kñúgry;eBlrvagsRg<amelakelIkTImYy nigTIBIr l&k¡x&NÐdak´kMhit

cMeBaHkarcUlmkRbeTsGURsþalIenAEtman. eTaHCaya¨gNak*eday

mankarduHdalkñúgkareZVIGenþaRbevsn¾rbs´RbCaCn CaBiessmnusS

RbusmkBIGWru¨bxagt|Úg. eK:nnaMmkCamYynUvmuxCMnaj karGb´rM

nigtémøEpñkvb|Zm(rbs´eKpÞal´. eK:nCYyGPivD¿ósSahkmµCnbT

nigksagpøÚv nigpøÚvrzePøIg. CageZVIpÞHCatiGIutalI :neZVIviPaKTan

ya¨gsMxan´kñúgkarsagsg´GaKarsaZarN;rbs´eyIg nigkEnøg

sMrab´RbCaCnrs´enA.

enAcugqñaM 1930 GñkeP[sxøÜnCatiyUda (Jewish)cab´epþImmkBI

RbeTsGWru¨b. eKrt´eKcBIkarKMramkMEhgrbs´BykNasuIGaLWmg´.

BYkeKmkBIRbeTsGaLWmg´ GURTIs eqkUsøÚ½aKI hugh<arI nigb¨ULÚj.

mnusSCaeRcInCaGñkeP[sxøÜnEdlmankarGb´rM nigeTBüekaslüx¬s´

CaGñkEdl:npþl´viPaKTanya¨gsem|Imdl´CIvitvb|Zm(GURsþalI.

TahanGIutalIcMnYndb´R:MBIrBan´nak´ EdlRtUvcab´xøÜnkñúgsRg<am

elakelIkTIBIr RtUv:ndak´kñúgCMrMuGñkeTassRg<amkñúgRbeTsGURsþalI.

BYkeKRtUv:nRbRBwtþmkelIya¨gsmrmü.

BYkeKrs´enAkñúgCMrMuEtkñúgry;eBlxøIb¨ueNÑaH k*b¨uEnþeKdwger]gxøH>GMBI

TwkdI nigRbCaCn. enAeRkayeBlsRg<am mnuusSCaeRcIn:nRtLb´

mkRbeTsGURsþalIvij kñúgfan;CaCnGenþaRbevsn¾.

CneP[sxøÜneRkaysRg<am

enAeRkaysRg<am RbeTsGURsþalI:nnaMcUlCnGenþaRbevsn¾mkBI

RbeTsdéTeT[tBItMbn´GWru¨b edIm|IksagcMnYnRbCaCnokan´EteRcIn

eLIg. mnusSrab´lannak´:nrt´eKcBIBYkNasuIGaLWmg´ ßBMuGac

RtLb´eTARsukkMeNItvij edayeBlenaHRtUv:nkan´kab´eday

RbeTsru¨sSI. RbEhlCa 170000 énGñkCemø[sTaMgenaHRtUv:n

TTYlmkcUlkñúgRbeTsGURsþalI edIm|IksagCIvitzµI.

kñúgRbeTsGURsþalI k*mankarxVHxatmnusSeZVIBlkmµya¨gZán´Zárpg

Edr. rdðaPi:lGURsþalIeC]za karrIkduHdaléncMnYnRbCaCnrs´enA

KWCakarsMxan´sMrab´GnaKtrbs´RbeTsCati. CnGenþaRbevsn¾eBj

v&yEdlmansuxPaBlÁmanGayueRkam 45 qñaM GaceZVIdMeNIrmkkan´

RbeTsGURsþalIedaybg´ézø 10 epan ehIykUnecArbs´eKGaceZVIdMeNIr

mkCamYyedayesrI. eTaHCaya¨genHkþI sJ¢atienAEtRtUv:ndak´

kMhitTTYlykEtmnusSmkBIcRkPBGg´eKøs nigGWru¨beT.

edIm|IeZVIoRbeTsGURsþalImanskmµPaBrs´revIkeLIgvij rdðaPi:l

GURsþalIcab´epþImeZVIkarelIKMeragkard¾emaHmutenAqñaM 1949 edIm|ITb´

TwkenA Snowy River ‘sÞwgRBil’ enAmunTwkhUrZøak´eTAÉsmuRT

enAxagekItrdðvictUrIya¨. TwkTaMgenH:nRtUvbEgVrohUrZøak´eTAelIdI

kñúgtMbn´ sMrab´:cbJ©ÚlERscMkar nigedIm|IeRbIbeg,ItCazamBl

GK<IsnI.

enHKWCaKMeragkard¾ZMsem|Im EdlcMNayeBlcMnYn25qñaMedIm|IbMeBj

o:ncb´. manmnusScMnYn 70 PaKryénGñkeZVIkarkñúgKMeragenHKW

CaCnGenþaRbevsn¾.

PaBCaBlrdðGURsþalI; cMNgrYmrbs´eyIg68

KMeragkarTMnb´½arIGK<IsnIenAPñMRBil

KMeragkarPñMRBil (Snowy Mountains Scheme) KWCanimitþrUbsMxan´énGtþsJ¦aNGURsþalI CaRbeTsÉkraCüBhuvb|Zm( nigRbkbeTA

edayZnZan.

enHKWCaKMeragvisVkmµd¾ZMbMputkñúgRbeTsGURsþalI ehIyk*CaKMeragkarmYy kñúgcMeNamKMeragkar½arIGK<IsnIZMCageKkñúgBiPBelak.

KMeragkarenHpþl´TwkEdlsMxan´sMrab´ósSahkmµcMkarelIdIxagkñúgrdðjÚvesAEvl nigvictUrIya¨. sæanIyzamBlrbs´eK plitdl´eTA 10 PaKry

énGK<IsnITaMgGs´sMrab´rdðjÚvesAEvl.

manEt 2 PaKryénKMeragkarPñMRBilb¨ueNÑaH EdlemIleXIjenAelIdI. manTMnb´TwkZM>cMnYn 16 sæanIyzamBlcMnYn 7 sæanIysñb´ nigrUgpøÚv

RbEvg 225 KILÚEm¨Rt bMBg´bUmeRbg nigRbLayTwk.

kargarelIKMeragkar:ncab´epþImenAqñaM 1949 ehIy:ncb´enAqñaM 1974. mnusSCag 100000 nak´ mkBI 30 RbeTs:neZVIkarkñúgKMerag.

citsibPaKryénGñkeZVIkarTaMgenH KWCaCnGenþaRbevsn¾. eRkayeBlKMeragenH:nbMeBjrYcehIy GñkeZVIkarCatiGWru¨brs´enAkñúgRbeTsGURsþalI

CabnþeT[t eZVIviPaKTand¾mantémøcMeBaHsg<mBhuvb|Zm(rbs´RbeTsGURsþalI.

KMeragkarPñMRBilsæitenAelIóTüanCati Kosciuszko National Park rdðjÚvesAEvl. karb¨HBal´eTAelIbridðan:nRtUvBinitüemIlya¨gdit

dl´. enAkEnøgxøH KMeragkarnaMosÞwgRBilkñúgbc©úb|nñenHpÞúkTwkEt 1 PaKryénTwkEdl:npÞúkBImunmk.

edIm|Iobridðan:nlÁRbesIr rdðaPi:lrdðvictUrIya¨ nigjÚvesAEvl :nyl´RBmeZVIosÞwgmanTwkhUrdl´eTA 28 PaKryeLIgvij.

GñkeZVIkarenAkñúgKMeragPñMRBil

EpñkTI 5 - RbvtþiénCnCatiGURsþalIrbs´eyIg 69

karRbRBwtþeTAelICnCatiedIm

kñúgqñaM 1940 nig 1950 eKalkarN¾rbs´rdðaPi:lGURsþalIcMeBaH

RbCaCnGabUrICInI:nEkERb edIm|IeZVIoRCYtRCabcUlKñaEtmYy. enH

mann&yza CnCatiedImRtUveKR:b´ors´enAdUcBMuEmnCnCatiedIm.

kic©karenHBMuGaceZVIekIteT eRBaHRbCaCnGabUrICInIBMucg´o:t´bg´vb|

Zm(RbéBNIrbs´eKeT.

kñúgqñaM 1960 eKalkarN¾:nRtUvEkERbeTArkkardak´bJ©ÚlKña.

bursPaKeRcInTTYl:nsiTiÆe:HeqñatkñúgqñaM 1850 k*b¨uEnþsiTÆie:H

eqñatsMrab´kum¨µnEvl BMu:nRbKl´oCnCatiedImGURsþalIRKb´rUbeT

rhUtdl´qñaM 1962. CamYynwgkarrYmbJ©ÚlKña RbCaCnGabUrICInI

:nRtUvpþl´omanesrIPaB Epñksuivil k*bu¨EnþBYkeKenAEtRtUvcg´o

sRmbsRmYltamvb|Zm(EdlminEmnCaCnCatiedImGURsþalI.

karEkERbbEnæm:nekItmanenAqñaM 1967 enAeBlEdlCnCatiGURsþa

lIeRcInCag 90 PaKry:ne:HeqñateZVIkaryl´RBm ’:T/cas@ ´

edIm|IGnuJ¦atoCnCatiGabUrICInI:nrab´bJ©ÚlkñúgCMer]n. RbCamtienH

KWCaRBitþikarN¾sMxan´RbcaMRbvtþisaRsþ. eKbgØajoeXIjzamtiPaK

eRcInd¾elIslb´énCnCatiGURsþalIcg´ oCnCatiedImRtUv:nrab´

bJ©Úl nigosiTÆidUcmnusSRKb´rUbdéTeT[tEdr.

«riyabTebIkcMhrrbs´CnCatiGURsþalIenH nigkart½ad¾xøaMgkøarbs´

CnCatiGabUrICInIenAeBlenaH naMomaneKalkarN¾sMrab´karseRmc

citþedayCnCatiedImxøÜnÉgenAqñaM 1970. rdðaPi:lGURsþalITTYl

s<al´ nigyl´RbmzaCnCatiedImGURsþalIKYrEtmansiTÆiniyayedIm|I

karGPivD¿n¾neya:y esdÆkic©sg<mkic© nigvb|Zm(rbs´eKpÞal´.

kareZVIGenþaRbevsn¾ - karpøas´bþÚrbnþicmþg>

enAkñúgqñaM 1950 nig 1960 shKmn¾GasuIGñkkan´RKIsÞsasna

nigRkumsg<mkic©TaMgGs´:nt½aobJ©b´nUveKalkarN¾

´RbeTsGURsþalIénCnCatiEs|ks ´.

enAqñaM 1958 rdðaPi:lGURsþalI:ne:Hbg´ecalkarRbLgsresr

tamGan ehIyenAqñaM 1966 RbeTsGURsþalI:nebIkTVarcMhrsMrab´

kareZVIGenþaRbevsn¾rbs´CnCatiGasuIEdlmanmuxCMnaj nigCnCati

BMuEmnGWru¨bEdlRtUv:neKsMritsMraMug. enATIbJ©b´ CnCatiGURsþalI

RKb´kEnøgTTYls<al´nUvtémøénkarrab´bJ©ÚlRbCaCatiTaMgGs´ kñúg

kmµviZIénkareZVIGenþaRbevsn¾rbs´eyIg. ´RbeTsGURsþalIénCnCati

Es|ks ´:nRtUvcb´enAqñaM 1973 ehIyRbeTssæitenAelIpøÚveTAkan´

Bhuvb|Zm(niym.

enAqñaM 1973 rdðaPi:lGURsþalI:ndkecjnUvKuNsm|tþiEpñkCati

sasn¾sMrab´kareZVIGenþaRbevsn¾. enAqñaM 1975 eRkaysRg<amenA

ev[tNam RbeTsGURsþalI:nTTYlcMnYnCneP[sxøÜn nigCnGenþa

Rbevsn¾GasuIeRcInCageK.

RbCaCnTaMgenHPaKeRcInmkBIRbeTsev[tNam k*b¨uEnþCnGenþa

Rbevsn¾cin nig«eNÐ{k*:ncab´epþImmkdl´cMnYnya¨geRcInpgEdr.

cab´taMgBIqñaM 1975mk RbeTsGURsþalI:nTTYlCneP[sxøÜnmkBI

RbeTsEdlbMpøitpMpøajedaysarsRg<amrab´bJ©ÚlTaMg Bosnia

nig Herzegovina nigmkGMBIRbeTsenAmCÄwmbUBa( nigGaRhVik.

bc©úb|nñenH CnGenþaRbevsn¾rbs´eyIgmkGMBIRKb´TIkEnøgkñúgBiPB

elak.

RbeTsGURsþalI:nkøayeTACaRbCaCatiénRKb´TwkdITaMgGs´. KWCa

eCaKC&yd¾ZMmYykñúgBiPBelaksm&yzµI. cab´taMgBIqñaM 1945mk

manmnusScMnYn 6.5 lannak´:nmkdl´RbeTsGURsþalI. Cag 1

PaK 4 énCnCatiGURsþalI:nekItenAbreTs.

CnGenþaRbevsn¾:neRCIserIsmkRbeTsGURsþalI nigrYmcMENkkñúg

témørYmrbs´eyIg. eKdak´nUveRK]g:¨k´taMglMGrbEnæmeTAkñúgCIvit

GURsþalI.

kardak´bJ©Úl

bc©úb|nñenH RbeTsGURsþalIKWCasg<mBhuvb|Zm(EdlsiTÆirbs´buK<l

RKb´rUbkñúgkarGnuvtþn¾nUvCMen]rbs´eK ehIykareZVItamTMen[mTMlab´

vb|Zm(kñúgRkbx&NÐénc|ab´RtUv:neKarB ehIykarBar.

RbeTsGURsþalIbc©úb|nñmaneKalkarN¾dak´bJ©Úlya¨gskmµ Edl

mnusSRKb´rUbénRKb´sJ¢atimanGarmµN¾zaCaEpñkénsg<mrbs´eyIg.

eKalkarN¾enHcUlRCYtRCabRKb´PinPaKénvb|Zm(GURsþalI. enHKW

CaEpñkénkmµviZIGb´rMrbs´eyIgtaMgBIkumarPaBdMbUg rhUtdl´sakl

viTüal&y ehIy:nRtUvGnuvtþenAkñúgkEnøgeZVIkarrbs´eyIg nigenA

tamkic©bMerIEpñkósSahkmµ.

siTÆirbs´buK<lRKb´rUbRtUv:ncat´TukedayesµIPaB nigKµankarerIs

eGIg ehIyRtUv:nkarBaredayKN;kmµkarrkSasiTÆimnusSGURsþalI

nigTIPñak´garRbqaMgnwgkarerIseGIgenARKb´rdð nigEdndI. karRbkan´

BUCsasn¾RtUv:npþnÞaeTasCasaZarN; ehIyCabTóRkidðenAeRkam

c|ab´.

RbeTsGURsþalI:nkøayeTACasg<mBhuvb|Zm(énkarcuHsRmugKña nig

karGt´On. enHKWCaRbeTsEdlCnGenþaRbevsn¾CnCatiedIm nigGñk

ÉeT[tekItkñúgRbeTsGURsþalI GacGnuJ¦atoeZVItameKalbMNgrbs´

eKedaysnþiPaB. enHKWCaRbeTsEdlCemøaH nigkMhwgBIGtItkal

GacRtUvTukecalenABIxageRkay.

PaBCaBlrdðGURsþalI; cMNgrYmrbs´eyIg70

Albert Namatjira ‘1902-1959’

Albert Namatjira CaviciRt

krGURsþalId*eqñImmYyrUb CaGñk

beg,Itsalaer[nKMnUrEdlbnþ

rhUtmkdl´sBVézáenH.

kñúgPaBCabursv&yekµg

Arrernte, Albert :n

bgØajnUvGMeNayZmµCatixag

karpat´BN(.

Kat´mankarhVwkhat´RtwmRtUv

ya¨gbnþicbnþÜcbMput k*b¨uEnþkar

pat´BN(Twkrbs´Kat´GMBITICnbTGURsþalImanRbCaRbiyCaxøaMg ehIy

lk´dac´TaMgGs´ya¨gqab´rh&s.

Kat´ nigPriyarbs´Kat´CaCnCatiGabUrICInITImYykñúgRbeTsGURsþalI

EdlRtUv:nGnuJ¦atokøayCaBlrdð. enH:nn&yzaeKGace:H

eqñat cUleTAkñúgsNÆaKar nigsg´pÞHenAkEnøgNaEdleKeBjcitþ.

karcUlsJ¢atiGURsþalIrbs´ Albert :nbJ¢ak´oeXIjzakarBitKW

CnCatiGabUrICInIdéTeT[tBMumansiTÆiTaMgenHeT.

CIvitrbs´Kat´ :nbgØajeTAdl´mnusSEdlBMuEmnCaCnCatiedIm

GURsþalI o:neXIjBIPaBGyutþiZm(énc|ab´Rbkan´BUCsasn¾ ehIy

pþl´CaviPaKTanedIm|IomanEkERbsMrab´RbCaCnGabUrICInI.

Eddie Mabo ‘1936-1992’

Eddie Koiki Mabo

CaskmµCn nigCaGñknaMBakü

GMBIsiTiÆelITwkdIrbs´CnCatiedIm.

Murray Island ekItenAekaH

Murray elITwkdIRbéBNIén

Rkum Mabo. cab´BIGayuv&y

ekµg Kat´:nRtUvbgØat´odwg

ya¨gBitR:kdzaetIedImeQINa

mYy nigzµNamYyEdlKUs

bJ¢ak´BIRBMEdnTwkdIrbs´RKYsarKat´.

rhUtdl´eBleRcInqñaMeRkaymkeTIb:n Eddie dwgzaRsukkMeNIt

Kat´RtUv:ncat´TukCaTwkdIrdðenAeRkamc|ab´GURsþalI ehIyBMuEmnCa

TwkdIrbs´RKYsarKat´eT. Kat´:neZVIokMhwgrbs´Kat´ køayeTACa

skmµPaB ehIynaMykkrNIrbs´Kat´eLIgeTAtulakarkñúgnamén

RbCaCnekaH Murray.

eRkayeBlCaeRcInqñaMmkenAqñaM 1992 krNIrbs´ Eddie :nQñH

enAtulakarCan´x¬s´. esckþIsMercrbs´ Mabo :nseRmcCapøÚv

karzaRbsinebICnCatiedImGacbgØajPsþútagza eKmanTMnak´TMng

rvagRbvtþiRbéBNICamYynwgTwkdIrbs´eK ehIyTMnak´TMngenHenAEt

manCabnþ enaHeKGacTamTarkmµsiTÆénTwkdI:n ebIBMudUecñaHeTenaH

eKBMuGacTamTar:neLIy. karseRmcesckþIenH:nnaMomankarRb

Kl´kEnøgTwkdId¾ZMeTAom©as´edImeKvij.

Eddie Mabo RtUv:neKnwkeXIjcMeBaHesckþIkøahanrbs´Kat´

nigkarTTYl:nsiTÆelITwkdIsMrab´CnCatiedImGURsþalI.

evC¢bNÐit Victor Chang ‘1936-1991’ evC¢bNÐit Victor Chang KWCaRKUeBTüvHkat´ebHdUgd¾CMnajmYyrUbrbs´RbeTsGURsþalI.

elak Victor Peter Chang Yam Him ekItenARbeTscin enAqñaM 1936 ehIy:nmkrs´enAkñúg

RbeTsGURsþalI kñúgkalKat´manGayu 15 qñaM.

elakeZVIkarenAmnÞIreBTü St. Vincent’s Hospital enARkugsuIdnIy EdlenAqñaM 1984 Kat´:ner[bcM

mCÄmNÐlTImYykñúgRbeTsGURsþalIEdlmanÉkeTsxagkarpSaMebHdUg. kñúgqñaM 1986 elak Victor

Chang :nTTYlkarbMBak´emday Companion of the Order of Australia EdlCargVan´

GURsþalIx¬s´bMput.

elak Victor mankarRBYy:rmØGMBIkarxVHxatGñkeZVIGMeNayebHdUg edayehtuenHKat´k*cab´epþImbeg,ItebH

dUg sib|nimitþmYyEdlCitnwg:nsMerc enAeBlKat´RtUveKsmøab´ya¨gexøacpSaenAqñaM 1991.

mCÄmNÐlRsavRCavrukrkzµI:ner[bcMeLIgedIm|IrMlwkGMBIKat´. Kat´:nRtUveKnwkeXIjcMeBaHEpñkÉkeTs

suTidÆiniym nigKMnitzµIrbs´Kat´.

EpñkTI 5 - RbvtþiénCnCatiGURsþalIrbs´eyIg 71

CnCatiedIm - BIrTsvtSr¾énkarEkERbkart½arbs´CnCatiGabUrICI nigGMBIsiTiÆelITwkdIeZVIomankarcab´Ga

rmµN¾BIsMNak´saZarN;CnenAqñaM 1960 CamYynwgkUdkmµ

Gurindji enAksidðanciJ©wmstVBahn; Wave Hill kñúgEdndII

xageCIg. GñkciJ©wmstVCnCatiGabUrICInIdwknaMeday Vincent

Lingiari :nedIrecjBIkargarenAksidðanciJ©wmstV. kart½arbs´

eKKWGMBIkarR:k´eb[vtSr¾ nigl&k¡x&NÐkargar k*b¨uEnþRtLb´eTACakar

esñIsMusiTÆielITwkdIeTAvij. skmµPaBrbs´eK:nnaMpøÚvsMrab´o Eddie

Mabo nigGñkÉeT[tRbyuTÆedIm|IsiTiÆelITwkdIrbs´CnCatiedIm.

enAeRkamc|ab´siTÆiRKb´RKgelITwkdIGabUrICInI qñaM 1976 ‘EdndIxag

eCIg’ (Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act

1976) CnCatiGabUrICInIRtUv:nRbKl´TIkEnøgd¾ZMlVwgelVIyéntMbn´

qáaydac´RsyalGURsþalI. enAedImRKaqñaM 1990 karseRmcesckþI

kñúgkrNIer]g Mabo rbs´tulakarCan´x¬s´ nigc|ab´siTÆieZVICam©as´

TwkdItamedImkMeNItqñaM1993 (Native Title Act 1993) TTYl

s<al´zaCnCatiedImmankarTamTarcMeBaHTwkdI edayeyageTAelI

c|ab´RbéBNI nigTMen[mTMlab´rbs´xøÜneKpÞal´. bc©úb|nñenH RbCMudI

GURsþalICag 10 PaKry RtUv:nkarBaredaykarkMNt´énc|ab´m©as´

TwkdItamedImkMeNIt. TIenH PinPaKénsg<mRbéBNIenArs´ranenA

eLIy. vb|Zm(CnCatiedIm:nbnþlUtlas´ ehIyTTYlkarekat

sresIrya¨gZMeZgBIshKmn¾d¾ZMTUlay.

enAExósPa qñaM 1997 r:ykarN¾ ´naMBYkeKeTAlMenAdðanvij ´

:nRtUvelIkykmkBiPakSaenAkñúgrdðsPaGURsþalI. r:ykarN¾

KWCalTÆplénkarsYrBt(man GMBIkarykecjénkUnekµgGabUrICInI

nigGñkrs´enAelIekaH Torres Strait mYycMnYnZMBIRKYsarrbs´eK.

kUnekµgTaMgenHRtUv:neKs<al´za ´CMnan´mnusSEdleKlYccab´ ´

‘Stolen Generations’. edaysarlTÆplénr:ykarN¾enH

CnCatiGURsþalIrab´Ban´nak´ :nbgØajnUvkarKaMRTcMeBaHCnCatiedIm

GURsþalIEdlCaKñIKñarbs´´eK edaykaredIrEhrCak|ÜnCamYyKñaenA

´ézásMueTas ´ ‘Sorry Day’ CatielIkTImYyenAqñaM1998.

karsMueTascMeBaHCMnan´mnusSEdleKlYccab´ qñaM2008enAézáTI 13 ExkumÖ; qñaM 2008 naykrdðmRnþIGURsþalI:neZVIkarsMu

eTasCatienAkñúgrdðsPaGURsþalI cMeBaHCMnan´mnusSEdleKlYccab´.

elak:nniyaykñúgnaménCnCatiGURsþalITaMgGs´. elak:nniyay

suMeTascMeBaHreb[bEdlCnCatiedImGURsþalI RtUv:neKRbRBwtþþeTA

elIkalBIGtItkal. elak:nniyaysuMeTasCaBiesscMeBaHreb[b

EdlkUnekµgCnCatiedIm:nRtUveKykecjBIÓBukmþayrbs´xøÜn.

snÞrkzaenH:npSaytamsæanIyTUrTsSn¾ nigviTüú. CnCatiGURsþalI

rab´Ban´nak´RbmUlpþMúKñaenATsaZarN; nigkEnøgeZVIkarrbs´eKedIm|I

sþab´snÞrkzaGMBI ´karsuMeTas ´. snÞrkza:ner[brab´CapøÚvkarGMBI

PaBGyutþiZm(BIGtItkal nigkarsuMeTascMeBaHBYkeK. enHKWCaCMhan

d¾sMxan´mYyeq¬aHeTArkkarpSHpSarKñaCamYyCnCatiedIm ehIyedIm|Io

R:kdzaGMeBIGyutþiZm(TaMgenHnwgminRtUvekIteLIgeT[teLIy. snÞrk

zasuMeTas KWCaCMhaneTAmuxd¾sMxan´sMrab´CnCatiGURsþalIRKb´rUb.

ynþehaHsresrkñúglMhrGakasCaBakü ´suMeTas ´ enAelIRkugsuIdnIy

bc©úb|nñenH karpþl´viPaKTand¾mantémørbs´CnCatiedImcMeBaHGtþ

sJ¦aNGURsþalIRtUv:nTTYls<al´ nigGbGrsaTr. CnCatiGabUrI

CInI nigGñkrs´enAelIekaH Torres Strait kan´tMENgnaMmuxeKRKb´TI

kEnøgkñúgkgkmøaMgGURsþalI rab´bJ©ÚlTaMgRbB&nÆyutþiZm( neya:y

sil|; nigkILa. kmµviZI MARVIN CaKMnitzµIrbs´CnCatiGabUrICInII

kñúgrUbKMnUr CIvcledayxumBüÚeZIr :nQñHrgVan´CaeRcIn ehIyRtUv

:neRbIkñúgvis&yviTüasæanGb´rM nigmuxCMnYjkñúgbNþaCagémÖRbeTs

CMuvijBiPBelak.

esckþIsniñdðan

TMB&rTaMgenH:npþl´CUnelakGñko:neXIjRtYs>b¨ueNÑaH GMBIsac´

er]gRbeTsCatiGURsþalIrbs´eyIg. elakGñkGacdwgzakarecHdwgzµI

enH:nebIkcMhrkaryl´dwgrbs´elakGñkEpñkbridðan. elakGñk

Gaccab´epþImemIleTAelIézáExEdleKcarenABIelIGaKarcas´> ehIy

cab´epþImyl´enAkñúgGtæbTRbvtþisaRsþ. eBlNaelakGñkTTYlp,a

pubPI edIm|IBak´enAézáTI 11 Exvicäika elakGñknwgdwgzaenHKWsMrab´

rMlwkdl´burs nigRsþIbMerIkñúgkgT&Brbs´eyIgEdl:nsøab´. eBl

NaelakGñkCYbnwgCnCatiedImGURsþalI elakGñknwgTTYlGarmµN¾

zamanvb|Zm(CMnan´buraNEdldwknaMeK. eyIgsUmENnaMoelak

GñkBRgIknUvkardwgyl´rbs´elakGñk edaykareRbInUvZnZanRbcaM

tMbn´ nigtamry;kareZVIdMeNIr. kalNaelakGñkdwgkan´EteRcIn

enaHelakGñknwgkt´sm<al´eXIjkan´EteRcInpgEdr.

eyIgsUmsVaKmn¾elakGñkkñúgPaBeZVICaBlrdðGURsþalI ehIysUm

GeJ¢IjkarcUlrYmya¨geBjTMhwgrbs´elakGñk mkkñúgRbeTsRbCa

ZibetyüRbkbedaysnþiPaBrbs´eyIg.

PaBCaBlrdðGURsþalI; cMNgrYmrbs´eyIg72

snÞanuRkménEpñkEdlBuMykmkRbLgGK<rdðTUt

mnusSEdltMNagoRbeTs ßpSBVpSayskmµPaBNamYyoRbeTs

KN;kmµkar

mnusSmYyRkumEdlRtUv:neRCIserIssMrab´eZVIkarsMerc óTahrN¾ GMBIzaetIRtUvRKb´RKgRkumh)unya¨gdUcemþc

salaer[nmankEnøgsñak´GaRs&y

salaer[nEdlkUnsisSsñak´GaRs&y ehIyBMuRtLb´mkpÞHvijkñúgqmassikSaTaMgmUl

éRBeRsag

tMbn´CnbTGURsþalIEdlenAEtmansPaBCaZmµCati

ksidðanciJ©wmstVBahn;

TIcMkarZM>EdlhVÚgstVBahn;RtUv:neKciJ©wmsMrab´plitsac´eKa

ZmµnuJ¦

esckþIRbkaslaylk¡N¾GkSrCapøÚvkarGMBIsiTÆi nigkarTTYlxusRtUv

Rkum

RkummnusSEdlmanTMnak´TMngsac´Qam ßGaBah¾BiBah¾ EdlrYmcMENkelITwkdIdUcKña

mUldðanrYm

rYmcMENkkñúgEpñkEdleKcUlcitþ

TahanekNÐ

TahanEdlBMu:nsµ&RKcitþcUlbMerIkñúgkgT&B k*b¨uEnþRtUvEtcUlbMerIkñúgT&BenAeBlmansRg<am

TwkdIrdð

TwkdIEdlCakmµsiTÆrbs´rdðaPi:l

kmµviZI

emer[nsMrab´sikSa

Rketakya¨k

BMumanR:k´ ßBuMmanmeZüa:yedIm|IrkR:k´

óbkrN¾ePøg didgeridoo

eRK]gelgePøgmüa¨grbs´CnCatiGabUrICIGURsþalI eZVIGMBIkMNat´eQIEvgRbehagkñúg

PaByutþiZm(

Okassmehtupl ßesµIKñasMrab´CnRKb´rUbedIm|IeZVIo:nRbesIr

elgo:nsmrmü

karcUlrYmya¨glÁkñúgkarRbwgERbgCaRkumedayeKarBtamvin&y edIm|ICaKuNRbeyaCn¾dl´mnusSRKb´rUb nigkargarlÁkñúgRkum

burs nigRsþIbMerIkñúgkgT&BEdlsøab´

burs nigRsþIbMerIkñúgkgT&BEdlsøab´kñúgsRg<am ßsmrPUmi

beg,IteLIg

sagsg´ ßbeg,IteLIg

plitplkñúgRsuksrub

témøplitpl nigkic©bMerIEdleZVI:nenAkñúgRbeTskñúgmYyqñaM

cMhayekþA

ZatuGakasekþAxøaMgEdlekItmanry;eBlCagBIrézábnþbnÞab´Kña

GMeBIk|t´Catid¾Zán´Zár

elµIsbTóRkidðd¾Zán´Zár EdlTak´Tinnwgkarb¨unb¨gpþÜlrMlMrdðaPi:l

snÞanuRkménEpñkEdlBuMykmkRbLg 73

rUbKMnUrnimitþsJ¦aCnCatiedIm

sil|;EdlEbøkBIRbeTsd¾éT ehIyCatMNagoCnCatiedIm

RbCMudI

TIkEnøgéndI

RBwtþikarN¾sMxan´

ehtukarN¾sMxan´NamYykñúgRbvtþisaRsþ

siTÆieZVICam©as´TwkdItamedImkMeNIt

siTÆitamRbéBNI EdlCnCatiedImmanelIdI nigTwk EdlsMercesckþIenAkñúgRbB&nÆc|ab´GURsþalI

RbvtþiniTan

karniyayrMlwkrbs´RbCaCn GMBIGVIEdl:nekItmaneLIgBIGtItkal

GñkRtYsRtaymuneK

GñktaMglMenAdðanelIkdMbUg ßGñksMerceCaKC&yenAézádMbUgénkartaMglMenAdðanGaNaniKm

tMNagEpñkneya:y

:neZVICatMNagedayGñkneya:ykñúgrdðsPa

TIbMrug

TIkEnøgdIEdlbMrugTukedayELk edayrdðaPi:lsMrab´RbCaCnGabUrICInIrs´enA

kardak´eTas

ry;eBlCab´eTasóRkidð edaykardak´TNÐkmµ

R:k´eb[vtSr¾Edl:nkMNt´Tuk

eZVIkarsMerczaetIRtUvbg´R:k´oGñkeZVIkarcMnYnb¨unµan cMeBaHkargarEdleK:neZVI

karEkTRmg´sg<m

kareZVIosg<m:nRbesIrbnþicmþg> CaCagkareZVIbdivtþn¾

buNüsBCapøÚvkar

buNüsBEdlbg´R:k´edayrdðaPi:l edIm|ICakitþiysdl´BlrdðEdl:npþl´viPaKTansMxan´dl´RbeTsCati

rbgcRmwgkarBar

r:MgkarBarCMuvijeZVIedaybeg<aleQI

GñkciJ©wmstV

bursEdleKCYledIm|IoEzTaMhVÚgstVBahn;

kUdkmµ

óTahrN¾ eBlNanieyaCitQb´eZVIkaredIm|IRbqaMgCMTas´nwgesckþIsMercrbs´nieyaCk

siTiÆe:Heqñat

siTÆedIm|Ie:HeqñatkñúgkareRCIstaMgsaZarN;

cUls|zsc©a

TTYlyl´RBmeZVIkarkñúgkariyal&ysaZarN; kñúgBiZICapøÚvkar

elIkykmkBiPakSa

RtUv:ndak´bgØajCapøÚvkaredIm|IBiPakSa ßyl´RBmenAkñúgrdðsPa óTahrN¾ r:ykarN¾RtUv:neKelIkykmk BiPakSa

kargar ßvNÑ;kñúgsg<m

vNÑ; ßedImkMeNIt kargar fan;kñúgsg<m

PaBCaBlrdðGURsþalI; cMNgrYmrbs´eyIg74

cMeBaHBt(manbEnæmPaBCaBlrdðGURsþalI

edIm|ITTYl:nBt(manbEnæm GMBIreb[bcUlCasBa¢atiGURsþalI sUmemIlviubrbs´PaBCaBlrdðGURsþalI (Australian citizenship) enARtg´

www.citizenship.gov.au.

RbeTsGURsþalI

elakGñkGacTTYl:nBt(manbEnæmeT[tGMBIRbeTsGURsþalI enAtambNÑal&yRbcaMtMbn´rbs´elakGñk. viubsaydUcteTAenHGacpþl´CUnBt(man

bEnæmeT[tpgEdr;

• RbeTsGURsþalIedayseg¡b (Australia in Brief) www.dfat.gov.au/aib

• pøÚvlMeTAkan´vb|Zm( nigkarkMsanþ (Culture and Recreation Portal) www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au

kmµviZI nigkic©bMerInanarbs´rdðaPi:lGURsþalI

elakGñkGacTTYlBt(manGMBIkmµviZI nigkic©bMerInanarbs´rdðaPi:lGURsþalI :nBIviubsay www.australia.gov.au.

smaCiksPashB&nÆ ßRBwTÆsPa

smaCiksPashB&nÆRbcaMtMbn´ ßRBwTÆsPaRbcaMrdð ßEdndIrbs´elakGñk manBt(manmYycMnYnGMBIIkmµviZI nigkic©bMerInanarbs´rdðaPi:lGURsþalI.

bJ¢IrayeQµaHsmaCiksPa nigRBwTÆsPaGacrkeXIjenAtamviubsay www.aph.gov.au.

Gg<karrdðaPi:lGURsþalI

elakGñkGacTTYlBt(manbEnæmeT[tGMBIGg<karrdðaPi:lGURsþalI Edl:neyagenAkñúges[vePAB&t(manenH enAtamviubsaydUcteTA;

• kgkmøaMgkarBarCatiGURsþalI (Australian Defence Force) www.defence.gov.au

• KN;kmµkarcat´Ecgkare:HeqñatGURsþalI (Australian Electoral Commission) www.aec.gov.au

• b¨UlIsshB&nÆGURsþalI (Australian Federal Police) www.afp.gov.au

• KN;kmµkarsiTÆimnusSGURsþalI (Australian Human Rights Commission) www.humanrights.gov.au

• KN;kmµkarkILaGURsþalI (Australian Sports Commission) www.ausport.gov.au

• RksYgBnÆdarGURsþalI (Australian Taxation Office) www.ato.gov.au

• kEnøgrMlwkviJ¦aNx&nÆyuTÆCnsøab´kñúgsRg<am (Australian War Memorial) www.awm.gov.au

• ZnaKarbMrugGURsþalI (Reserve Bank of Australia) www.rba.gov.au

cMeBaHBt(manbEnæm 75

Gg<kareRkArdðaPi:l

elakGñkGacTTYlBt(manbEnæmeT[tGMBIGg<karrdðaPi:lGURsþalI Edl:neyagenAkñúges[vePAB&t(manenH enAtamviubsaydUcteTA;

• mUlniZi Bradman GURsþalI (Bradman Foundation Australia) www.bradman.com.au

• Hamlin Fistula International www.fistulatrust.org

• kic©bMerIPUminÞevC¢bNÐittampøÚvGakasénRbeTsGURsþalI

(Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia) www.flyingdoctor.net

• salaer[ntamviTüúpSaysemøg (School of the Air) www.schoolair-p.schools.nsw.edu.au

• GaC\aZrTMnb´½arIGK<IsnIenAPñMRBil

(Snowy Mountains Hydro-Electric Authority) www.snowyhydro.com.au

• mUlniZi The Fred Hollows Foundation www.hollows.org.au

• mCÄmNÐlekrþi¾dMENlBiPBelak UNESCO (UNESCO World Heritage Centre) whc.unesco.org

• Gg<karshRbCaCati (United Nations) www.un.org

• viTüasæanRsavRCavCmáWebHdUg Victor Chang (Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute) www.victorchang.edu.au

• karbMerIsµ&RKcitþ GURsþalI (Volunteering Australia) www.volunteeringaustralia.org

viubsayÉeT[t

EsVgrkBt(manBIviubsaydUcteTAenH edIm|ITTYlykBt(maneRcInEzmeT[tGMBImuxRbZandUcteTAenH;

• rdðZmµnuBa¦RbeTsGURsþalI www.aph.gov.au/senate/general/constitution

• C&ylaPIsMrab´CnCatiGURsþalIRbcaMqñaM

(Australian of the Year Awards) www.australianoftheyear.org.au

• r:ykarN¾ ´naMBYkeKeTAlMenAdðanvij ´

‘Bringing them home’ www.humanrights.gov.au/social_justice/bth_report/index.html

• sYneQI nigTIbMrugshB&nÆ www.environment.gov.au/parks/index.html

• CnCatiGURsþalIEdll|IeQµaH;

vc©nanuRkmGURsalIénCatiGURsþalIEdll|IeQµaH;

vc©nanuRkmGURsalIénCIvRbvtþie:HBum¬pSaytamGiuneZINwt http://adbonline.anu.edu.au/adbonline.htm

• bBa¢IcuHGMBIc|ab´eRB[gzµI>Edl:nelIkeLIgenArdðsPa www.aph.gov.au/bills/index.htm

• rdðsPaGURsþalI www.aph.gov.au

• kic©bMerIGb´rMEpñkrdðsPa www.peo.gov.au

• ézábuNüsaZarN; www.australia.gov.au/topics/australian-facts-and figures/public-holidays

• karsuMeTaseTAkan´CMnan´mnusSEdleKlYccab´ www.abc.net.au/news/events/apology/text.htm

PaBCaBlrdðGURsþalI; cMNgrYmrbs´eyIg76

esckþIEzøgGMNrKuN

rUbPaBdUcteTAenH TTYl:nedaykareRCamERCgBImnÞIrrkSaÉksarCatiGURsþalI;

TMB&r 42- kUnekµgCiHec[mkmµelITwkdIrdðjÚvesAEvl - salaer[ntamviTüú rUbPaBztenAqñaM 1962 ‘Éksareyag; A1200:L42511’

TMB&r 51- buK<liklk¡N;- Dick Smith GK<naykénGaC\aZrEpñkGakascrN¾suIvil qñaM 1991 ‘Éksareyag; A6135:K23/5/91/1’

TMB&r 56- EpnTIRbeTsGURsþalIrbs´elak Tasman qñaM 1644 ‘Éksareyag; A1200:L13381’

TMB&r 59- rUbPaBRbvtþisaRsþénkarsÞúHsÞarkmaskñúgRbeTsGURsþalI qñaM 1851 ‘Éksareyag; A1200:L84868’

TMB&r 60- ´CnCatiGah<anIsþan ´ nigGUdÆrbs´eKeZVIkarenAelIdIxagkñúgRbeTsGURsþalI ‘Éksareyag; A6180:25/5/78/62’

TMB&r 67- buK<liklk¡N;- elak Edward ‘Weary’ Dunlop kñúgkariyal&yrbs´Kat´ qñaM 1986 ‘Éksareyag; A6180:1/9/86/12’

TMB&r 67- kareZVIGenþaRbevsn¾ - karmkdl´RbeTsGURsþalIénCnGenþaRbevsn¾ - Gñkkab´GMeBACnCatiGIutalIenAelI Flaminia

kñúgtMbn´ Cairns qñaM 1955 ‘Éksareyag; A12111:1/1955/4/97’

rUbPaBdUcteTAenH TTYl:nedaykareRCamERCgBIbNÑal&yCatiGURsþalI;TMB&r 18- :tukrRbmUlKñamksþab´GñkniyayenAkEnøgRbmUlpþMúKñaedIm|IRbqaMgsRg<ameZVIenA Garema Place, Civic, raCZanaEXneb)Ira¨Ç

ézáTI 15 ExkumÖ; qñaM 2003 ztrUbPaBeday Greg Power ‘Éksareyag; nla.pic-vn3063592’

TMB&r 44- rUbzt Judith Wright e:HBumÖpSayenAqñaM 1940 ‘Éksareyag; nla.pic-an29529596’

TMB&r 52- RsþI«NÐÚeNsIurak´Tak´cMeBaHbuK<likénkgkmøaMgkarBarCatiGURsþalI kñúgeBleZVIRbtibtþikarCYysRmalTuk¡ enA Aceh RbeTs«NÐÚeNsuI

eRkayeBlekItmhaBüúHsmuRTkalBIézáTI 30 ExZñÚ qñaM 2004 zteday Dan Hunt ‘Éksareyag; nla.pic-vn3510861’

TMB&r 56 - kgnavaTImYyenAqksmuRTsuIdnIy ézáTI 27 Exmkra qñaM 1788 beg,Iteday John Allcot qñaM 1888-1973

‘Éksareyag; nla.pic-an7891482’

TMB&r 57- rUbzt Caroline Chisholm e:HBumÖpSayeday Thomas Fairland qñaM 1804-1852‘Éksareyag; nla.pic-an9193363’

TMB&r 58- karRtLb´mkvijrbs´ Burke nig Wills eTAkan´GUr Coopers Creek beg,Iteday Nicholas Chevalier qñaM 1828-1902

ehIye:HBumÖpSayenAqñaM 1868 ‘Éksareyag; nla.pic-an2265463’

TMB&r 61- rUbzt Catherine Helen Spence e:HBumÖHpSayenAqñaM 1890 ‘Éksareyag; nla.pic-an14617296’

TMB&r 63- John Simpson Kirkpatrick nigstVlarbs´Kat´ Gallipoli qñaM 1915 ‘Éksareyag; nla.pic-an24601465’

TMB&r 65- rUbzt Charles Edward Kingsford Smith e:HBum¬pSayenArvagqñaM 1919 nig 1927

‘Éksareyag; nla.pic-vn3302805’

TMB&r 70- rUbzt Albert Namatjira enA Hermannsburg Mission EdndIxageCIg e:HBum¬pSayqñaM 1946 ßqñaM 1947

zteday Arthur Groom ‘Éksareyag; nla.pic-an23165034’

rUbPaBkEnøgek¼dMENlBiPBelakcMnYn 14 TTYl:nedaykareRCamERCgBIRksYgbridðan Twk ek¼dMENl nigsil|; nigmnusSdUcteTAenH;TMB&r 40- kEnøghVÚsuIlrbs´znikstVGURsþalIenArdðGURsþalI zteday Colin Totterdell

TMB&r 40- sYnóTüanCati Blue Mountains (Blue Mountains National Park) zteday Mark Mohell

TMB&r 40- ekaH Fraser Island zteday Shannon Muir

TMB&r 40 - tMbn´éRBRkas´ePø[geRcIn Gondwana Rainforests énRbeTsGURsþalI zteday Paul Candlin

TMB&r 40 - sYnóTüanCati Kakadu National Park zteday Sally Greenaway

TMB&r 40 - ekaH Lord Howe Island zteday Melinda Brouwer

esckþIEzøgGMNrKuN 77

TMB&r 40 - ekaH Macquarie Island zteday Melinda Brouwer

TMB&r 41 - sYnóTüanCati Purnululu National Park zteday Rod Hartvigsen

TMB&r 41 - Royal Exhibition Building nigsYnóTüan Carlton Gardens zteday Michelle McAulay

TMB&r 41 - qksmuRT Shark Bay zteday Kelly Mullen

TMB&r 41 - éRBrehafan Tasmanian Wilderness zteday Nicola Bryden

TMB&r 41 - sYnóTüanCati Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park zteday Andrew Hutchinson

TMB&r 41 - tMbn´RtUBikesIménrdðXVInEsøn zteday Colin Totterdell

TMB&r 41 - tMbn´bwg Willandra Lakes Region zteday Mark Mohell

rUbPaBdUcteTAenH:nTTYlkareRCamERCgBI iStockphoto:Rkbxagmux - Wattle, ©iStockphoto.com/Ressy (Éksareyag; 3322510)

TMB&r 14 - t|ÚgGUplexµArbs´GURsþalI ©iStockphoto.com/Alicat (Éksareyag; 8323912)

TMB&r 22 - mnÞIrrdðsPa ©iStockphoto.com/Tim Starkey (Éksareyag; 2256743)

TMB&r 22 - Gavel niges[vePA ©iStockphoto.com/Dem10 (Éksareyag; 2397687)

TMB&r 27 - rUbkak´hirJ¦vtæú ©iStockphoto.com/Robyn Mackenzie (Éksareyag; 2335549)

TMB&r 27 - karsresrrbs´evC¢bNÐit ©iStockphoto.com/Carlos Arranz (Éksareyag; 6498434)

TMB&r 38 - eqñrsmuRT Bondi Beach, ©iStockphoto.com/Edd Westmacott (Éksareyag; 3048786)

TMB&r 38 - Kings Canyon, ©iStockphoto.com/Francois Marclay (Éksareyag; 5733853)

TMB&r 51 - GñkTamTar:nvijelIkEnøgEr¨Edk ©iStockphoto.com/Christian Uhrig (Éksareyag; 9819736)

TMB&r 54 - cabuI Didgeridoos, ©iStockphoto.com/Adam Booth (Éksareyag; 834207)

TMB&r 55 - sil|;zµrbs´CnCatiGabUrICInI – Saratoga fish, ©iStockphoto.com/Alpen Gluehen (Éksareyag; 2761924)

rUbPaBdéTeT[tTaMgGs´:nTTYledaykareRCamERCgBIGg<kar nigmnusSdUcteTAenH;TMB&r 8 - edIm Spotted gums elIkRmalRkaldaMedayedImetñatmüa¨g enAsYnóTüanCati Murramarang National Park

rdðjÚvesAEvl zteday Dario Postai

TMB&r 20 - rUbPaBmnusSdak´snøwkeqñatrbs´eKeTAkñúghwbeqñat TTYl:nedaykareRCamERCgBIKN;kmµkarcat´Ecgkare:HeqñatrdðvictUrIya¨

TMB&r 24 - rUbPaBc|ab´rdðZmµnuJ¦énkumµ¨nEvlGURsþalI qñaM 1900; c|ab´cmøgBIc|ab´edIménkMNt´RtasaZarN; TTYl:nedaykareRCamERCgBI

karRbmUlTukCaGMeNay karRbmUlTukCasil|;énmnÞIrrdðsPa RksYgénkic©bMerIrdðsPa EXneb)Ira¨ ACT

TMB&r 27 - rUbPaBkUnekµgGg<úybnþbnÞab´Kña TTYl:nedaykareRCamERCgrbs´ Getty Images zteday Mel Yates

TMB&r 28 - rUbPaBtulakarCan´x¬s´ TTYl:nedaykareRCamERCgrbs´tulakarCan´x¬s´GURsþalI

TMB&r 40 - rUbPaBekaH Big Ben Heard Island TTYl:nedaykareRCamERCgBIkumµ¨nEvlénRbeTsGURsþalI Australian Antarctic Division

© Commonwealth of Australia zteday L. E. Large (ref:1892A2)

TMB&r 40 - rUbPaB Great Barrier Reef TTYl:nedaykarCYyeRCamERCgBIGaC\aZróTüanClsar

TMB&r 41 - rUb Sydney Opera House TTYl:nedaykareRCamERCgBITIRkugsuIdnIy zteday Patrick Bingham-Hall

PaBCaBlrdðGURsþalI; cMNgrYmrbs´eyIg78

esckþIEzøgGMNrKuNTMB&r 43 - rUbPaBsmaCikRkum:l´Tat´RsþICatiGURsþalI (Matildas) TTYl:nedaykareRCamERCgBIKN;kmµkarkILaGURsþalI

TMB&r 44 - rUbelak Donald Bradman TTYl:nedaykareRCamERCgrbs´sar;mnÞIr Bradman Museum of Cricket

elak Donald Bradman Bak´mYkkatibsMrab´´eZVIetsþGURsþalIrbs´Kat´ ehIyelgkñúgry;rdUvqñaM 1931-1932

TMB&r 45 - rUbPaBsaRsþacarü Fred Hollows TTYl:nedaykareRCamERCgBImUlniZi Fred Hollows ztrUbeday Frank Violi

TMB&r 50 - rUbPaBkar:j´kaMRCYcenAláacmunézábuNüRKIsÞma¨s´BIelIkMBg´EpsuIdnIy Sydney Harbour rUbPaBTTYl:nBIsalaRkugsIudnIy

TMB&r 52 - rUbPaBevC¢bNÐit Catherine Hamlin AC TTYl:nedaykareRCamERCgBImUlniZiCYysRmalTuk¡ Hamlin Fistula nigCMnYy (Hamlin Fistula Relief and Aid Fund)

TMB&r 61 - rUbelakm©as´ Lord Lamington EzøgeTAkan´hVÚgmnusSenAézáshB&nÆ Rkug Brisbane qñaM 1901 rUbPaBTTYl:nedaykar

eRCamERCgBIbNÑal&yrdðXVInEsøn zteday H.W. Mobsby (Éksareyag; 47417)

TMB&r 65 - rUbPaBs)ubenAcRg,an TTYl:nedaykareRCamERCgBIbNÑl&yrdðénjÚvesAEvl (Mitchell Library). kUnekµgsalaQrtRmg´CYr

KñaedIm|ITTYlkarEcks)ub nignMb&ugcMNit salardð Belmore North Public School ézáTI 2 ExsIha qñaM 1934

zteday Sam Hood (Éksareyag; H&A 4368)

TMB&r 66 - rUbPaBpøÚvRkLikRkLúkenApøÚvedIrkUkUda Kokoda Track TTYl:nedaykareRCamERCgBIkEnøgrMlwkviJ¦aNx&nÆyuTÆCnsøab´kñúg

sRg<amGURsþalI (Éksareyag; 014028)

TMB&r 66 - p,apubPIBN(RkhmenAkEnøgrMlwkviJ¦aNx&nÆyuTÆCnsøab´kñúgsRg<amGURsþalI zteday Torie Brims

TMB&r 70 - rUbPaBevC¢bNÐit Victor Chang :nTTYl:nedaykareRCamERCgBIviTüasæanRsavRCavEpñkCmáWebHdUg

TMB&r 70 - rUb Eddie Mabo plitCazµIeLIgvijtamkarGnuJ¦atrbs´ Bernita nig Gail Mabo