Equal Protection Under Equal Protection Under the Lawthe Law

Chapter 21Chapter 21

What is Discrimination?What is Discrimination?

Name some different types of Name some different types of discrimination.discrimination.

RacialRacial GenderGender AgeAge DisabilityDisability Sexual OrientationSexual Orientation ReligiousReligious

In what Amendment can the In what Amendment can the equal protection clause be equal protection clause be

found?found?

What Supreme Court case What Supreme Court case established the “separate established the “separate

but equal” doctrine?but equal” doctrine?

What Supreme Court case What Supreme Court case overturnedoverturned the “separate the “separate

but equal” doctrine?but equal” doctrine?

Did you know there was Did you know there was a Brown II case in 1955?a Brown II case in 1955?

What did it say?What did it say?

What are some issues that What are some issues that the Supreme Court has the Supreme Court has

dealt with regarding gender dealt with regarding gender discrimination?discrimination?

What was the purpose of What was the purpose of the Civil Rights Acts of 1964 the Civil Rights Acts of 1964

and 1968.and 1968.

What is REVERSE What is REVERSE discrimination?discrimination?

What is AFFIRMATIVE What is AFFIRMATIVE ACTION?ACTION?

Regents of CA v. BakkeRegents of CA v. Bakke (1978) (1978) Oyez: Regents of the UniOyez: Regents of the Uni

versity of California v. versity of California v. BakkeBakke, 438 U.S. 265 (1978), U., 438 U.S. 265 (1978), U.S. Supreme Court Case S. Supreme Court Case Summary & Oral ArgumeSummary & Oral Argumentnt

This case deals with This case deals with reverse discrimination reverse discrimination and affirmative action in and affirmative action in an academic setting.an academic setting.

Gratz v. BollingerGratz v. Bollinger (2003) (2003) Another affirmation action case—more recent.Another affirmation action case—more recent.

Oyez: Oyez: GratzGratz v. Bollinger, 539 U.S. 244 (2003), U.S. Suprem v. Bollinger, 539 U.S. 244 (2003), U.S. Supreme Court Case Summary & Oral Argumente Court Case Summary & Oral Argument

Hopwood v. TXHopwood v. TX (1996) (1996)55thth Cir. Ct of Appls. Cir. Ct of Appls.

The court knocked The court knocked down the use of down the use of affirmative action affirmative action programs being used programs being used by Texas universities.by Texas universities.

This led to the Texas This led to the Texas State Legislature State Legislature creating the Texas creating the Texas Top 10% Program in Top 10% Program in 1997.1997.

Adarand v. PenaAdarand v. Pena (1995) (1995) Oyez: Oyez: AdarandAdarand

Constructors v. Pena, 51 Constructors v. Pena, 515 U.S. 200 (1995), U.S. S5 U.S. 200 (1995), U.S. Supreme Court Case Sumupreme Court Case Summary & Oral Argumentmary & Oral Argument

This case deals with This case deals with reverse discrimination reverse discrimination and affirmative action in and affirmative action in an employment setting.an employment setting.

What is a legal ALIEN?What is a legal ALIEN?

--not from outer space!--not from outer space!

How do you become a How do you become a United States citizen?United States citizen?

Which is which?Which is which?Citizen or Alien?Citizen or Alien?

A.A. Foreign bornForeign bornB.B. Owes alligiance to United Owes alligiance to United

StatesStates

Do Aliens have Do Aliens have constitutional rights in the constitutional rights in the

United States?United States?

Can aliens be deported if Can aliens be deported if they break the laws of the they break the laws of the United States, or any of its United States, or any of its

states?states?