eref - european renewable energy federation sustainable energy for europe - inforse-europe seminar,...

EREF - European Renewable EneEREF - European Renewable Energy Federation rgy Federation

Sustainable Energy for Europe Sustainable Energy for Europe - INFORSE-Europe Seminar, Brussels -- INFORSE-Europe Seminar, Brussels -

André Vieira Pinheiro – BrüsselAndré Vieira Pinheiro – Brüssel

November 2002November 2002


Introduction (I)Introduction (I)About EREFAbout EREF

A federation made up of national associations of renewable A federation made up of national associations of renewable energy producers, belonging to 10 different countries of the energy producers, belonging to 10 different countries of the European Union, that have decided to unite their powers by European Union, that have decided to unite their powers by creating a European network that defends and promotes ‚green‘ creating a European network that defends and promotes ‚green‘ energy energy

EREF unites the powers of thousands of European companies, EREF unites the powers of thousands of European companies, who work in the field of energy production through the use of who work in the field of energy production through the use of renewable energy sources such as small hydro, wind, tidal, renewable energy sources such as small hydro, wind, tidal, wave, solar, geothermal and bioenergy wave, solar, geothermal and bioenergy

Associations coming from the sector of non-biological waste Associations coming from the sector of non-biological waste generation are not included in EREF, and will not be invited to generation are not included in EREF, and will not be invited to joinjoin.


Introduction (II)Introduction (II)What has EREF observed?What has EREF observed?

That the emissions caused by carbon dioxide and other harmful That the emissions caused by carbon dioxide and other harmful gaseous substances impose a great risk on the climate and on gaseous substances impose a great risk on the climate and on the general welfare the general welfare

Conventional energy resources are at risk of being exhausted Conventional energy resources are at risk of being exhausted within a time period of only a few generations within a time period of only a few generations

Nuclear energy presents inherent risks as much in regards to Nuclear energy presents inherent risks as much in regards to safety as to the unsolved problem of radioactive wastesafety as to the unsolved problem of radioactive waste


•

The last couple of years renewable energy has experienced a The last couple of years renewable energy has experienced a considerable boom within those countries of the European Union considerable boom within those countries of the European Union that have implemented legal standards such as minimum pricing that have implemented legal standards such as minimum pricing schemes, purchase obligation and priority access to the gridschemes, purchase obligation and priority access to the grid


Introduction (III)Introduction (III)What are our aims?What are our aims?

Actively support the rapid and sustainable growth of the usage of Actively support the rapid and sustainable growth of the usage of renewable energy in Europe, with the hope to at least meet the renewable energy in Europe, with the hope to at least meet the fixed objective of the White Book of Renewable Energiesfixed objective of the White Book of Renewable Energies

Promote the expansion of legal mechanisms that work in favour Promote the expansion of legal mechanisms that work in favour of renewable energy into the European Unionof renewable energy into the European Union

Support the establishment of a realistic and fair pricing scheme Support the establishment of a realistic and fair pricing scheme on the basis of the European internal market for energy on the basis of the European internal market for energy respecting the principle of subsidiary of each member staterespecting the principle of subsidiary of each member state


Ensure that transmission system operators grant priority access Ensure that transmission system operators grant priority access to the transmission of electricity from renewable energy sources to the transmission of electricity from renewable energy sources under standard rules based on objective, transparent and non-under standard rules based on objective, transparent and non-discriminatory criteriadiscriminatory criteria


European Climate Change European Climate Change Programme (ECCP)Programme (ECCP)

since 1991 several climate-related initiatives (e.g. RES-since 1991 several climate-related initiatives (e.g. RES-electricity, voluntary commitments by car makers to electricity, voluntary commitments by car makers to improve fuel economy, proposal for emission trading improve fuel economy, proposal for emission trading scheme etc.)scheme etc.)

Target to cut EU greenhouse gas emissions to 8 % Target to cut EU greenhouse gas emissions to 8 % below 1990 levels by 2008-2012below 1990 levels by 2008-2012

June 2000 - launch of the ECCPJune 2000 - launch of the ECCP


ECCP - First PhaseECCP - First Phase

Focus on energy, transport and industry sectorsFocus on energy, transport and industry sectors Set up of working groups (summer 2000)Set up of working groups (summer 2000) Result: ECCP - report june 2001, identifying 42 Result: ECCP - report june 2001, identifying 42

possible measures, with emission reduction potential possible measures, with emission reduction potential of about 664 - 765 MtCO2 equivalentof about 664 - 765 MtCO2 equivalent

Action Plan for the ECCP in form of a Communication Action Plan for the ECCP in form of a Communication from the Commission from the Commission

Proposal for ratification of the Kyoto ProtocolProposal for ratification of the Kyoto Protocol Proposal for Emissions TradingProposal for Emissions Trading


ECCP - Second PhaseECCP - Second Phase

Aims to facilitate and support the actual Aims to facilitate and support the actual implementation of the priorities identified in the first implementation of the priorities identified in the first phasephase

Measures: Measures: – Proposal for EU framework for emissions trading (see above)Proposal for EU framework for emissions trading (see above)– Proposal for a Directive on the promotion of biofuelsProposal for a Directive on the promotion of biofuels– Proposal for a Directive to promote combined heat and power Proposal for a Directive to promote combined heat and power

(CHP) (CHP)


DirectiveDirective 2001/77/EC 2001/77/ECof 27 September on the Promotion of Electricity of 27 September on the Promotion of Electricity

Produced from Renewable Energy Sources (RES-Produced from Renewable Energy Sources (RES-directive)directive)

Follow-up to the 1997 White Paper on RESFollow-up to the 1997 White Paper on RES

Target of 12% of gross inland energy consumption Target of 12% of gross inland energy consumption from RES for the Community as a whole by 2010, with from RES for the Community as a whole by 2010, with

electricity representing 22, 1%electricity representing 22, 1%

promotion of RES as an essential part of the package promotion of RES as an essential part of the package of measures needed to comply with the commitments of measures needed to comply with the commitments made by the EU under the 1997 Kyoto Protocolmade by the EU under the 1997 Kyoto Protocol


Table: Annex of the RES-directive 2001/77/EC


RES-directiveRES-directiveWhere do we stand?Where do we stand?

Defintion of renewable energiesDefintion of renewable energies

(Article 2 lit. a RES-directive)(Article 2 lit. a RES-directive)

National targets for renewablesNational targets for renewables

(Annex of the RES-directive)(Annex of the RES-directive)

Support mechanism, e.g. Feed-in systems, Quota Support mechanism, e.g. Feed-in systems, Quota system, tendering systemsystem, tendering system

(Article 4 RES directive)(Article 4 RES directive)


RES-directiveRES-directive

What is the expected gap?What is the expected gap? TableTable


17.00%15%22%14%EU

4.00%4%10%2%UK

57.00%57%60%50%SE

38.00%27%39%36%PT

8.50%6%9%2%NL

5.00%5%6%3%LU

18.00%17%25%17%IT

15.00%11%13%5%IE

15.00%12%20%10%GR

16.00%13%21%15%FR

31.00%31%32%26%FI

28.00%22%29%19%ES

32.00%23%29%13%DK

12.00%11%13%6%DE

3.00%1%6%1%BE

63.00%63%78%72%AT

%%%%

Active scenarioCurrent scenarioEU Targets 2010

20011999

Sources: calculations based on Ecofys 2002.Active Policy: results implementing the current policies.Continued Policy: results assuming that policies will be continued.

Table : Scenarios for the uptake of renewably generated electricity


RES-DirectiveRES-DirectiveWhat does work and what doesn‘t?What does work and what doesn‘t?

Support mechanismsSupport mechanisms– Feed-in systemsFeed-in systems– Quota systems:Quota systems:

Adminstrative implementationAdminstrative implementation Uncertainty about actual invetsmentUncertainty about actual invetsment Voltaile revenuesVoltaile revenues

Adminstrative procedures (almost no fast-track-Adminstrative procedures (almost no fast-track-planning)planning)

Grid connectionGrid connection


RES-directive - Technologies -RES-directive - Technologies - White Paper targets for renewable technologies vs. current

situation 1999

UnitImple

mentedActive Policy

Continued Policy

White Paper

Wind GWe 9 37 54 40Hydro-large (>10 MWe) GWe 85 85 87 91

Hydro-small (<10 MWe) GWe 9 11 12 14Photovoltaic GWp 0,1 0,5 0,7 3,0Biomass (fuel input) Mtoe 55 86 118 135Geothermal: electricity GWe 0,6 0,6 0,9 1,0Geothermal: heat GWth 1,2 1,8 1,9 5,0

Active solar thermal million. m2

9 18 28 100

Total electricity production TWhe 364 466 539 675Total primary energy* Mtoe 85 122 159 182Share renewable energy % 6% 8% 10% 12%

Scenario 2010

* Eurostat convention

Source: Ecofys 2002Active Policy: results implementing the current policies.Continued Policy: results assuming that policies will be continued .


RES-directiveRES-directive- Conclusions -- Conclusions -

Adopt national feed-in systems when implemeting the Adopt national feed-in systems when implemeting the RES-RES-directivedirective

Remove rigorously all adminstrative barriers for new Remove rigorously all adminstrative barriers for new renewable electricty generationrenewable electricty generation

Develop planning guidelines for siting of renewable Develop planning guidelines for siting of renewable energy projectsenergy projects

Implement guarantee of origin for all electricty sourcesImplement guarantee of origin for all electricty sources

eref - european renewable energy federation sustainable energy for europe - inforse-europe seminar,...

Documents

usage of renewable energy

favour of renewable

green energy eref

european union

european companies

european network

generations nuclear

field of energy production