ergonomic bvt
TRANSCRIPT
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BVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERSKIM A. DECENA, MD 1-20-09
Create a better understanding of theCreate a better understanding of theprinciples of ergonomicsprinciples of ergonomics
Guide us through an evaluation and adjustmentGuide us through an evaluation and adjustment
of their workstation.of their workstation.
Outline exercises designed to reduce the risk ofOutline exercises designed to reduce the risk ofinjury.injury.
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BVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERS KIMA. DECENA, MD 1-20-09
Scientific discipline primarilyScientific discipline primarily
concernedconcerned
with the application ofwith the application of
natural lawsnatural laws
overnin human workgoverning human work
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BVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERS KIMA. DECENA, MD 1-20-09
Industrial, production, designIndustrial, production, design
engineersengineers
Work physiologist/ occupationalWork physiologist/ occupationaltherapisttherapist
Medical and occupational healthMedical and occupational health
and safety professionalsand safety professionals Industrial HygienistsIndustrial Hygienists
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BVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERS KIMA. DECENA, MD 1-20-09
Human body size (anthropometry)Human body size (anthropometry) Bodily response to internal andBodily response to internal and
external forces (biomechanics)external forces (biomechanics)
Work and environmental physiologyWork and environmental physiology Human behavior response to workHuman behavior response to work
Information processing and decisionInformation processing and decision
making (skill psychology)making (skill psychology)
Training and effort perceptionTraining and effort perception
Adapting equipment and device forAdapting equipment and device for
human usehuman use
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CLASSIFICATION:CLASSIFICATION:
A. WORKER TRAININGWORKER TRAINING
B. WORKER SELECTIONB. WORKER SELECTION
C. WORKPLACEC. WORKPLACE
ACCOMMODATION/JOBACCOMMODATION/JOBREDESIGNREDESIGN
BVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERS KIMA. DECENA, MD 1-20-09
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A.A. WORKER TRAINING:WORKER TRAINING:
Wide AcceptanceWide Acceptance
Intensive campaign toIntensive campaign to
educate workerseducate workers
Fitness and stretchingFitness and stretchingexercisesexercises
Back support beltsBack support belts
Postural instructionsPostural instructionsBVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERS KIMA. DECENA, MD 1-20-09
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B.B. WORKER SELECTIONWORKER SELECTION Strategy for strenous jobStrategy for strenous job
Match worker capacity and jobMatch worker capacity and job
requirementsrequirements
Method of choice if jobMethod of choice if job
redesign/engineeringredesign/engineeringmodification cannot bemodification cannot be
performedperformedBVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERS KIM
A. DECENA, MD 1-20-09
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C.C. WORKPLACEWORKPLACE
ACCOMMODATION/JOBACCOMMODATION/JOB
REDESIGNREDESIGN
CTD not prevented byCTD not prevented byselecting workersselecting workers
Most effective ergonomicMost effective ergonomic
interventioninterventionBVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERS KIMA. DECENA, MD 1-20-09
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Work Station Reach ZoneWork Station Reach Zone
EASY REACH ZONEEASY REACH ZONE
Determined by movingDetermined by movinghands and forearms withhands and forearms with
elbows at sides andelbows at sides andshoulders relaxedshoulders relaxed
16" to 18" in front of their16" to 18" in front of theirbodybody
BVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERS KIMA. DECENA, MD 1-20-09
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Work Station Reach ZoneWork Station Reach Zone
MAXIMUM REACH ZONEMAXIMUM REACH ZONE
How far they can reach,How far they can reach,
without leaning forwardwithout leaning forward 26" to 34" in front of their body26" to 34" in front of their body
Less frequently used itemsLess frequently used items
BVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERS KIMA. DECENA, MD 1-20-09
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CUSTOMIZING THE WORK STATIONCUSTOMIZING THE WORK STATION
Receptionist's Work AreaReceptionist's Work AreaAccountant's Work AreaAccountant's Work Area
BVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERS KIMA. DECENA, MD 1-20-09
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Determined by location of keyboard relative toDetermined by location of keyboard relative towork areawork area
Identified by laterality of writing surfaceIdentified by laterality of writing surface
LEFT HANDED WORK STATIONLEFT HANDED WORK STATIONRIGHT HANDED WORK STATIONRIGHT HANDED WORK STATION
BVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERS KIMA. DECENA, MD 1-20-09
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BVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERS KIMA. DECENA, MD 1-20-09
SEATEDSEATED
WORKSTATIONWORKSTATIONSTANDINGSTANDING
WORKSTATIONWORKSTATION
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BVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERS KIMA. DECENA, MD 1-20-09
Items to be handledItems to be handled
< 10 lbs< 10 lbs Fine-motor tasksFine-motor tasks
predominate workpredominate work
Hand < 6 inchesHand < 6 inches
from work stationfrom work station
All items withinAll items within
reach from seatedreach from seated
position.position.
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BVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERS KIMA. DECENA, MD 1-20-09
Top of computerTop of computermonitor in line withmonitor in line withworkers eyeworkers eye
Allow for downwardAllow for downward
gaze angle of 15gaze angle of 15degrees (maintain thedegrees (maintain thecervical lordotic)cervical lordotic)
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Individual with eyeglass:Individual with eyeglass:
Pay particular attention toplacement of monitor
Unknowingly tilting head
backward may lead to neckand shoulder discomfort
Potential Solution:
a. Lower monitor
b. Eyeglass specific for
computer
BVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERS KIMA. DECENA, MD 1-20-09
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Adjust the tilt of the monitor so that the screenAdjust the tilt of the monitor so that the screenis free of glareis free of glare
ILT THE MONITOR
OWN SLIGHTLY
MONITOR ATRIGHT
ANGLE WITHLIGHT
SOURCE
USE GLARESCREEN
USE FILEFOLDER OR
A SCREENHOOD
BVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERS KIMA. DECENA, MD 1-20-09
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BVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERS KIMA. DECENA, MD 1-20-09
Worker directly inWorker directly in
front of the screenfront of the screen
((Decrease excessiveDecrease excessive
cervical rotation orcervical rotation orcoupled side bending)coupled side bending)
Optimum distanceOptimum distance
from monitor is 12 tofrom monitor is 12 to
18 inches or one arm18 inches or one arm
lengthlength
Too closeToo close eyestraineyestrain
Too farToo far slouchslouchforwardforward
thus increase thethus increase the
stress in thestress in the
spinespine
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ARMRESTS:ARMRESTS:
Elbows at
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BVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERS KIMA. DECENA, MD 1-20-09
UPPER EXTREMITYUPPER EXTREMITY
POSITIONPOSITION Neutral,shoulderNeutral,shoulder
s relax at sides relax at side Elbows flexed toElbows flexed to
70-90 degrees70-90 degrees
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BVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERS KIMA. DECENA, MD 1-20-09
HEIGHT OF THEHEIGHT OF THE
WORKSTATIONWORKSTATIONToo highToo high
Abduct or elevate theAbduct or elevate the
shouldershoulder
Increase sustainedIncrease sustained
muscle contractionmuscle contraction
Compensates with wristCompensates with wrist
ulnar deviationulnar deviation
Too lowToo low Slouch in chairSlouch in chair
Rounding of upper backRounding of upper back
Flattening of lumbarFlattening of lumbar
lordosislordosis
Increase in forward headIncrease in forward head
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BVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERS KIMA. DECENA, MD 1-20-09
HEIGHTHEIGHT
Allow goodAllow goodclearance whileclearance while
feet place on thefeet place on the
floorfloor KneesKnees
maintained inmaintained in
90-105 degrees90-105 degrees
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BVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERSKIM A. DECENA, MD 1-20-09
Too lowToo low
Increase pressure in ischialIncrease pressure in ischialtuberositytuberosity
Increase elbow flexion andIncrease elbow flexion and
wristwrist
extension as worker reachesextension as worker reaches
for thefor thekeyboardkeyboard
Too highToo high
Forced to sit forward in chairForced to sit forward in chair
without lumbar supportwithout lumbar support Increase com ressive forcesIncrease com ressive forces
HEIGHTHEIGHT
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BVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERS KIMA. DECENA, MD 1-20-09
Allow 1-4 inchesAllow 1-4 inches
between the poplitealbetween the poplitealfossa and the front offossa and the front of
the seatthe seatShorterShorter
Require the buttocks andRequire the buttocks and
upper thigh to sustainupper thigh to sustainexcessive pressureexcessive pressure
LongerLonger
Impede circulationImpede circulation
behind kneesbehind knees
SEAT DEPTHSEAT DEPTH
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BVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERS KIMA. DECENA, MD 1-20-09
Reduce fatigueReduce fatigue
(decreasing(decreasing
sustainedsustained
contraction of thecontraction of the
back muscle)back muscle) Deep to support theDeep to support the
lumbar curve whilelumbar curve while
maintaining themaintaining the
thoracic spine inthoracic spine in
BACKBACK
RESTREST
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BVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERS KIMA. DECENA, MD 1-20-09
Handle object moreHandle object more
thanthan10 lbs10 lbs
Extended reach isExtended reach is
requiredrequired Move betweenMove between
stationstation
OccupationOccupation
requiringrequiring
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BVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERS KIMA. DECENA, MD 1-20-09
Y WORK IS COMPLETED IN THE LOWEST WORK HEIGY WORK IS COMPLETED IN THE LOWEST WORK HEIG
75-90 cms for MEN75-90 cms for MEN
70-85 cms for WOMEN
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BVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERS KIMA. DECENA, MD 1-20-09
LIGHT WORK IS COMPLETED IN THELIGHT WORK IS COMPLETED IN THE
FOLLOWING LEVELSFOLLOWING LEVELS
90-95cms for MEN90-95cms for MEN
85-90cms85-90cmsfor WOMENfor WOMEN
Allow activities to be
completed 5 cmsbelow the
waistline.
LIGHT
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BVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERS KIMA. DECENA, MD 1-20-09
N WORK SHOULD BE BETWEEN THE FOLLOWING LEVN WORK SHOULD BE BETWEEN THE FOLLOWING LEV
100-110 cms for MEN00-110 cms for MEN95-105 cmsfor WOMEN
Allow work to be
completed app. 7-10cms,
above waist line, arm
parallel with the floor
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BVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERS KIMA. DECENA, MD 1-20-09
Total body posture isTotal body posture is
importantimportantPractice adjusting your workPractice adjusting your work
station to achieve neutralstation to achieve neutral
postureposture
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BVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERS KIMA. DECENA, MD 1-20-09
Avoid static positionsAvoid static positions
PROLONG SITTING Increase IVPROLONG SITTING Increase IV
disc pressuredisc pressurePoolingPooling
of blood into theof blood into the
legslegs
Change position every 20-30 minutesChange position every 20-30 minutes
to increase blood circulationto increase blood circulation
Alternating work task with 5 minsAlternating work task with 5 mins
break/hrbreak/hr
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BVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERS KIMA. DECENA, MD 1-20-09
90 DEGREE POSTURE90 DEGREE POSTURE RECLINING POSTURERECLINING POSTURE
FORWARD TILT POSTUREFORWARD TILT POSTURE
STANDING POSTURESTANDING POSTURE
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90 DEGREE POSTURE90 DEGREE POSTURE
Elbows, hips and knees bent at rightElbows, hips and knees bent at rightangles and feet flat on the floor or on aangles and feet flat on the floor or on afootrest.footrest.
Biomechanically correctBiomechanically correct
BVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERS KIMA. DECENA, MD 1-20-09
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RECLINING POSTURERECLINING POSTURE
Lean back 10Lean back 10oo - 20- 20oo into the chair'sinto the chair's
backrest feet out in front to openbackrest feet out in front to openup the angle at hips and knees.up the angle at hips and knees.
Helps relax back muscles andHelps relax back muscles andpromotes blood circulation.promotes blood circulation.
Leaning back too far result inLeaning back too far result in
awkward neck posture trying toawkward neck posture trying tokeep head upright.keep head upright.
BVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERS KIMA. DECENA, MD 1-20-09
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FORWARD TILT POSTUREFORWARD TILT POSTURE
Raise height of chair's seat a fewRaise height of chair's seat a fewinches and tilt the front of itinches and tilt the front of itdownward about 8downward about 8oo..
Open up hip angle and allow toOpen up hip angle and allow tosupport some of weight usingsupport some of weight usinglegs rather than having it all restlegs rather than having it all reston hips and the backs of thighs.on hips and the backs of thighs.
May not find this postureMay not find this posture
comfortable if you have knee orcomfortable if you have knee orfoot problems.foot problems.
Contoured chair seat can help toContoured chair seat can help tohold you in place.hold you in place.
BVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERS KIMA. DECENA, MD 1-20-09
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NEGATIVENEGATIVE
TILTTILT
BVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERS KIMA. DECENA, MD 1-20-09
POSITIVE TILTPOSITIVE TILT
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WHEN POSITIONING THE CURSORHEN POSITIONING THE CURSORWITH A POINTING DEVICEITH A POINTING DEVICE
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Place the pointing device closePlace the pointing device close
to the keyboardto the keyboard
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Arm and hand areArm and hand are
dropped onto thedropped onto the
mouse as onemouse as one Drape hand overDrape hand over
the mousethe mouse
Small circularSmall circularmotionsmotions
Click by midClick by mid
section of thesection of the
fingerfingerBVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERS KIMA. DECENA, MD 1-20-09
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BVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERS KIMA. DECENA, MD 1-20-09
FOCUSING REQUIRES MUSCLES OF EYES TOFOCUSING REQUIRES MUSCLES OF EYES TO
KEEP IMAGE SHARPKEEP IMAGE SHARP
EYE SHIFT FROM DOCUMENT TO MONITOREYE SHIFT FROM DOCUMENT TO MONITOR
REQUIRESREQUIRESREFOCUSINGREFOCUSING EYE FATIGUE, EYESTRAIN OREYE FATIGUE, EYESTRAIN OR
HEADACHEHEADACHE
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BVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERS KIMA. DECENA, MD 1-20-09
Line of visionLine of vision
Same distance or closerSame distance or closer
than the monitorthan the monitor
Look at document andLook at document and
monitor by moving eyesmonitor by moving eyes
onlyonly
Next to monitor orNext to monitor or
between monitor andbetween monitor and
keyboardkeyboard
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Shorter (1-3 mins), more frequentShorter (1-3 mins), more frequent
(every 30-60 mins.)(every 30-60 mins.)
breaks( microbreaks or recoverybreaks( microbreaks or recovery
pause) given with usual breakspause) given with usual breaks
reduce discomfortreduce discomfort
Change positions periodically canChange positions periodically canpromote circulationpromote circulation
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Reach behind head and placehand on upper back, keepingyour arm close to your ear.
Gently hold elbow with opposite
hand.Pull elbow toward the back ofyour head and reach handtoward the middle of back untilyou feel a gentle stretch.
Hold for 15 seconds.Relax, and repeat on the otherside
OFFICE ERGONOMICS
BVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERS KIMA. DECENA, MD 1-20-09
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ss hands away from body to stretch arms and shoulders.
e fingers together and turn palms facing out.
aighten arms in front of you.
ld for 15 seconds.
ax and repeat.
OFFICE ERGONOMICS
BVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERS KIMA. DECENA, MD 1-20-09
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s the muscles of your chest, upper back and the back of neck.
ers together behind the head, bringing elbows back as far as
eply and lean back until feel muscles stretching.
20 seconds.
elax and repeat.
OFFICE ERGONOMICS
BVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERS KIMA. DECENA, MD 1-20-09
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Tilt head toward oneside, gently pushing ear
toward your shoulder.Hold for 15 seconds.
Lift your head into anormal, upright position.
Relax, and repeat threetimes on each side
OFFICE ERGONOMICS
BVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERS KIMA. DECENA, MD 1-20-09
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Slowly bring shoulders up toward your ears.
Hold for three seconds.
Then, roll shoulders back and down.
Relax and repeat five to 10 times
OFFICE ERGONOMICS
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Sit forward in chair so that there's alittle room between back and theback of the chair.
Face forward and cross your right
leg over left.Put left hand on right knee, andgently pull toward left side
while slowly turning head andshoulders to the right.
Keep turning until you see the wallbehind your right shoulder. Don'tforce the turn go just until you feela nice stretch in your back. Hold foreight to 10 seconds.
Relax and repeat on the other side.
OFFICE ERGONOMICS
BVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERS KIMA. DECENA, MD 1-20-09
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Move to the front of the chair
Interlace your fingers behind theback and feel the palms touchingeach other
Stretch feeling felt in front of thechest and shoulders
An easier alternative is to claspthe hands together using just thefingers and not the palms
Take a deep breath in and let theshoulders move even furtherbackwards, letting the head fallback as well (this opens up thefront of the neck).
OFFICE ERGONOMICS
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OFFICE ERGONOMICS
BVT: MEDICAL ERGONOMICS FOR OFFICE WORKERS KIMA. DECENA, MD 1-20-09
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OFFICE ERGONOMICS
Video Lower back stretches and hip stretches for the office - MayoClinic.com.flv
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OFFICE ERGONOMICS
Video Lower back stretches, standing, for the office - MayoClinic.com.flv
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OFFICE ERGONOMICS
Video Neck stretches for the office - MayoClinic.com.flv
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OFFICE ERGONOMICS
Video Shoulder stretches and upper back stretches for the office - MayoClinic.com.flv
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