ergonomics present a ion yash abhishek nishant

8/3/2019 Ergonomics Present a Ion Yash Abhishek Nishant

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Introduction

• “Ergonomics (or human factors) isthe scientific discipline concernedwith the understanding of

interactions among humans andother elements of a system, and theprofession that applies theory,

principles, data and methods todesign in order to optimize humanwell-being and overall systemperformance.”



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• Stitching Tasks are Associated WithPain in the Shoulders, Wrists, andHands

• Foot Operated Sewing is AssociatedWith Pain in the Back



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Objective

• To adapt the workplace for theworker in order to decrease the riskof injury.

• To improve the link between theworker and their environment.



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Work surfaceheight shouldbe aroundelbow level

Worksurfacethickness 5cmmaximum

Thigh clearance20 cm maximum

Seat height34-45 cm

(adjustable toeachworker)

66-72cm

40cm



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Work Enhancements

• Foam Padded Edges to Sharp TableEdges

•

Provide Cloth Upholstered AdjustableChairs

• Angle Packing Boxes to Workers With

Tilt Equipment• Provide Anti-Fatigue Matting for

Standing Workers

•

Improved Lighting



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*Info fr sewing ergonomics

• Sewing machine operators face asubstantially higher risk of musclepain and injury than workers in other

jobs.• Sewing machine operators

experience as many cases of

repetitive strain injuries as data entryoperators and secretaries combined.

These injuries lead to long term

health effects.



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• Standard lux – 400 fr sewing. Forsewing operations, additional tasklighting is to be provided in the

machine in such a way that thevisibility of the needle points will beoptimum.

• The recommended dimensions of thesewing machine operator's work seat

height should be 41.5 cm for women°



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• Workers exposed to high noise levelsshould be provided with earprotection or their working periods

rotated so that they remain withinthe permissible limit of 4 hours'exposure to 95.0 dB (A).

• A gap of 4-5 feet between rows of machines will minimize the workers'exposure to heat from the sewing

machine motor.



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SEWING

• Assembly tasks have many differentcomponents that must be consideredin an ergonomic assessment

including:• sewing table,

•

chair,• floor surface,

• foot pedals,

• lighting,



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APPROACH• We have taken “Attaching

Waistband to the bodice” study.. The operation off waistbandattaching includes:

• Taking front bodice panel out of thebundle

•

Putting the left-side panel underneedle

• Putting waistband panel over it &

stitching



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(Respective MSDs)Cutting

•

Operators use a pinch grip to holdsmall scissors between the indexfinger and thumb. Repeated pinchgrip may cause hand or wrist injuries.

• Holding small scissors between theindex finger and thumb also cancause contact stress on the fingers.

• Cutting and manipulating fabricrequires the operators to userepeated motions.



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Stitching• Operators push fabric through the

sewing machine, which may requireextending arms, bending at thewaist, and applying force.

•

Awkward posture causing ergonomicstress to arms, shoulders and back.

• Frozen shoulder (caused due to

stiffness in joint) shoulderdislocation; calcify tendonitis, slaplesion, biceps tendons rupture etc.

•

Continuous shoulder pain if left

Ch ki



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Checking• Operators hold their neck, trunk, and

arms in an awkward position as they

strain to see details in an object.

• Insufficient lighting makes it difficultfor the operators to see their work,

and may cause eye fatigue andheadache.

• Permanent loss of vision, if lighting

conditions are not good and thestress so observed id leftunattended.



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Boxes.

• Problem:- Large boxes that are lowto the ground create an awkwardreach and bend during each pickup.

• Slolution:-Place small boxes on aplatform to supply the operator withthe necessary pieces at a good

height and within easy reach.



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Tables

• Problem:-

Tables are in poor locations, unstableor garments fall off them so operatorshave to reach to the floor to pick themup.

• Solution:- Tables should match theheight of the sewing table, or beslightly lower if bundles are placedon them. They should be stable and

sufficiently large or have raised



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Attachments to thesewing table.

• Problem:-Wooden bars attached tothe sewing table are sometimeslocated too far from the operator, are

too small or allow the garments toslip off them.

• Solution:-Bars extended from the

sewing table work well if they areclose to the operator, at a goodheight and have friction tape on

them to help prevent the garments



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Sewing Table

The dimensions of the sewing tablethat should be considered are the:

• height,

• size,

• shape,

• tilt and

• leg room.



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Height

• Problem:- Sewing tables are noteasily adjustable. Tables that are toohigh create elevated shoulder

postures and non-neutral elbow andwrist postures. Tables that are toolow cause the operator to lean

forward and flex his or her neck.• Solution:-A good height for sewing

tables is at or slightly above elbow

height. The height should be easily



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Table angle

• Problem:-Almost all sewing tablesare flat. Flat sewing tables do notmaximize visibility and compromise

the posture of the upper extremityand neck.

• Solution:- An optimum of 12

degree tilt improves visibility of thetask and helps to keep the neck in amore upright position while having

the table at an appropriate height for



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Leg room

• Problem:-Sewing machine operatorshave limited leg room because of drawers and/or trash chutes attached

to the underside of the table.• Solution:-Make sure that operators

have sufficient leg room. Drawers

and trash chutes either should be notpresent or in a location that does nothinder leg room.



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Chairs

• Problem:-

• Operators are provided with verypoor chairs such as stacking chairs.

These chairs are not adjustable. Theyprovide no cushioning or backsupport and the edge of the seat

constricts blood flow at the back of the legs because of a large roundedhump or square edge.

•

Some plants provide slightly better



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Chairs

• Solution:-

• The best chairs have these features:

–

a stable 5-point base of support; – firm cushioning on the backrest and

seat pan;

–

the seat can be adjusted in height andtilt quickly and easily;

– the seat does not have a hump on thefront edge;

–



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Knee Switches

• Problem:-Knee switches are locatedin a poor position and are hard,creating contact stress on the leg.

• Solution:-Place the knee switch sothat it rests very close to the leg, justabove the knee, and is well padded.



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Lighting

• Problem:-Workstations are too dim.

Light sources are not arrangedproperly and shadows create unevenlight across the work surface.

Shiny surfaces that reflect light ortask lights that shine directly into theoperator’s eyes create glare.

• Solution:-Ensure there is goodgeneral lighting and task lights arerovided for o erators who desire



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Scissors

• Problem:-Large, heavy scissors areused for trimming threads and areheld by the blade to provide

accuracy.

Operators cut through several layersof fabric with scissors that are too

small and do not provide enoughleverage.

Scissor handles are narrow and

create contact stresses.



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CONCLUSION

• As shown in this study, ergonomicscan be used as an effective guide toenhance the worker ease which can

in turn materialize into profitsthrough higher productivity. Thevarious operational elements taken

here posses common work problemsamong all the operators, hence adeep and further study over thesame can proved to be a profitablestep

ergonomics present a ion yash abhishek nishant

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