eric a. smith 301-614-6286 10 april 2007 1 preliminaries eric a. smith nasa/goddard space flight...

10 April 2007 1Eric A. Smith 301-614-6286 <[email protected]>

PreliminariesEric A. Smith

NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center

Laboratory for Atmospheres (Code 613.1)

Greenbelt, MD 20771

1st NIS WorkshopUniversity of Miami, RSMAS, Miami, FL

10 - 11 April 2007


NIS-IIP Project PersonnelEastwood Im (JPL) -- Technology P.I.Eric A. Smith (GSFC) -- Science P.I.

Key Technology Team Members• Dr. Vaughn Cable (JPL) Mechanical & Feed Array Design• Dr. Steven Durden (JPL) Space Radar Design• Dr. Houfei Fang (JPL) Mechanical Design & Antenna Materials• Prof. Yahya Rahmat-Samii (UCLA) Antenna Design• Dr. Simone Tanelli (JPL) Doppler Signal Processing

Key Science Team Members • Dr. Frank Marks (HRD) Hurricane Structure & Forecasting ; A/C Doppler Obs• Dr. Robert Meneghini (GSFC) Space Radar Remote Sensing• Prof. Gregory Tripoli (U-Wis) Nonhydrostatic CRM Prediction ; NIS Data Assimilation

Short History of Development of NIS Satellite Concept2002: Ramesh Kakar recommends to Earth Science AA and Director of

NASA Earth Science Technology Office (ESTO) to extend precipitation measurement to GEO altitudes based on use of radar.

2002: ESTO awards NEXRAD in Space (NIS) Instrument Incubator Project (IIP) to JPL/GSFC investigators.

2002 - 2006: NIS project performed and reported.2007: Mysterious advocate at NASA HQ recommends NIS-type satellite for

future (beyond current planned missions) precipitation mission within NASA Science Mission Directorate (SMD) 2007-2016 Science Plan.

2007: 1st Science Community NIS Workshop held in Miami.2007 & Beyond: Youth, Enthusiasm, Dedication


Outreach: Student Involvement NIS has had strong educational outreach component in which undergraduate and graduate students plus one high-school teacher have obtained first-hand experience in developing NASA technology & science.

Participants:•T. Chad Houck, (Physics teacher, San Marino HS)•K. Bahadori (graduate student, UCLA)•N. Jin (graduate student, UCLA)•M. Manteghi (graduate student, UCLA)•J. Nanbo (graduate student, UCLA)•J. Robinson (graduate student, UCLA)•S. Sinton (graduate student, UCLA)•S. Xu (graduate student, UCLA)•F. Yang (graduate student, UCLA)•M. Chang (undergrad student, Cal. Inst. Tech.)•A. Kung (undergrad student, Cal. Inst. Tech.)•A. Magee (undergrad student, Cal. Inst. Tech.)•G. Guzman (undergrad student, Cal. State Univ. at Fresno)•J. Morales (undergrad student, Cal. State Univ. at Los Angeles) •N. Sorokin (undergrad student, Cal. State Univ. at Los Angeles) •L. F. Martinez (undergrad student, Florida International Univ.)•C. Meullion (undergrad student, Morehouse College)•H. DeSmid (graduate student, Penn. State Univ.)•D. Chen (undergrad student, Princeton Univ.)•L. Kwateng (undergrad student, Spellman College/GA Tech)•J. D. Washington (undergrad student, Tennessee State Univ.)•G. Quentin (undergrad student, Univ. of Washington)•N. Sanchez (undergrad student, Univ. of Washington)•W. E. Lewis (graduate student, Univ. of Wisconsin)


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Earth Science in NASA Strategic Plan 4.2.2 Weather: Enable improved predictive capability for weather & extreme weather events.

Current GEO imager/sounder instruments operate at infrared wavelengths. Instruments operating at these wavelengths cannot “see” below the clouds, which are generally present whenever interesting meteorology is taking place. In order to take full advantage of GEO observations, it is necessary that the infrared instrument suite is complemented with microwave cloud-penetrating instrumentation. AIRS and AMSU have reached the maximum vertical resolution attainable with passive sounding. Improvements in the vertical resolution will be necessary to satisfy the requirements of the numerical weather prediction models of the next decade. Further improvements in vertical resolution may require the development of active (lidar and/or radar) sounding techniques.

WEATHER Focus Area -- Potential Mission Elements

Global Wind Observing Sounder Hybrid (coherent and direct detection) Doppler wind lidar

Geostationary Synthetic Thinned Aperture Radiometer

Synthetic aperture microwave radiometer

Active Temperature and Humidity Sounder

Combination active (i.e., lidar) and passive IR sounder

Geostationary Precipitation Radar

Precipitation radar


Message from Kerry Emanuel

Many thanks for the invitation . . . [description of conflict concerning attending] . . . I strongly support what you are trying to accomplish.

Kerry


Final Agenda

NEXRAD IN SPACE (NIS) Workshop [10 - 11 Ap ril 2007 ; RSMAS/Univ. of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway;

SLAB Seminar Room 103]

Tuesday (10 April)

S1. Early-Morning Introduction Session (Eric A. Smith, Chair) NIS Concept Overviews (65 min) 9:00 am Welcome & Opening Remarks (Frank Marks, 5 min) 9:05 am Future of NASA’s Precipitation Missions (Ramesh Kakar, 20 min) 9:25 am NIS Mission Concept (Eastwood Im, 20 min) 9:45 am NIS Mission’s Science Vision & Goals (Greg Tripoli, 20 min)

10:05 am Break (25 min)

S2. Mid-Morning Science Overview Session (Ramesh Kakar, Chair) Science Overview Topics (60 min) 10:30 am State of Observing Systems & Realtime TC Prediction (Frank Marks, 20 min) 10:50 am Challenges for TC NWP & Data Assimilation (Shuyi Chen, 20 min) 11:10 am Basic Research Needed for Understanding TC Lifecycle (Mike Montgomery, 20 min)

11:30 am Discussion by Speakers with Audience Participation (30 min)

12:00 pm Lunch (60 min)

Main objectives o f following four panel presentations / discussions are to: ( a) identify substantive technological and scientific issues relevant to NIS, (b) build consensus toward NIS Mission goals, and (c) develop strategy needed for development of NIS Mission White Paper and Road Map.

S3. Early-Afternoon Technology Panel Session (V. Chandrasekar, Chair) Presentation of Technology Panel: Concept Design & Technology for NIS (150 min)

Specific Charge to Technology Panel

1. Provide description of NIS instrument concept, parameters, and potential improvements as relevant technologies continue to mature. Of particular interest are:

a. What are current NIS instrument design concept and performance estimates, and what is outlook concerning design and performance improvements that can be expected? b. What are current NIS antenna design concept and per formance estimates, and what is outlook concerning design and performance improvements that can be expected?

2. Provide overviews on critical NIS technologies, articulate challenges, and discuss technology trends over next 10-15 years. Of particular interest are:

a. What are current and future state-of-the-art in large spa ceborne mesh antenna reflector technology?


b. What are current and future state-of-the-art in large spaceborne m embrane antenna reflector technology? c. What are current and future state-of-the-art in Shape Memory Polymer (SMP) technology relevant to spaceborne antenna reflector? d. What are current and future state-of-the-art in activ e in-flight antenna shape control technology?

1:00 pm Panel Talks (100 min -- Panel Members to discuss plausibility & f easibility of GEO Doppler radar technology approach)

Chair: V. Chandrasekar Rapporteur: Darren McKague Panel Members: Houfei Fang, John Lin, J ames Moore, Yahya Rahmat-Samii,

Mark Thomson, Simone Tanelli 1. Simone Tanelli -- NIS Instrument Concept, Performance, & Outlook 2. Ya hya Rahmat-Samii -- NIS Antenna Concept, Performance, & Outlook 3. Mark Thomson -- Large Spaceborne Mesh Antenna Technology: State-of-Art & Outlook 4. James Moore -- Large Spaceborne Membrane Antenna Technology: State-of-Art & Outlook 5. John Lin -- Shape Memory Polymer Antenna Technology: State-of-Art & Outlook 6. Houfei Fang -- Active Antenna Shape Control Technology: State-of-Art & Outlook 2:40 pm Panel Discussion with Audience Participation (50 min)

3:30 pm Break (30 min)

S4. Mid-Afternoon Science Panel I Session (Christopher Landsea, Chair) Presentation of Science Panel I: Real-time Observations & Forecasting of TCs (90 min)

Specific Charge to Science Panel I

1. Develop consensus amongst panel members concerning specific uses and value that NIS would have on observation and forecasting paradigm (thinking one decade into future) of TC track, intensity, and surge over lifecycle of storm. Of particular interest are:

a. What unique information will NIS pr ovide to forecasters that will enhance their understanding of storm behavior and their ability to generate forecast of storm? b. What additional or improved satellite products (e.g., wind fields, intensity estimates) will be possible with NIS? c. What unique information will NIS provide to forecasters that will enhance their ability t o assess damage patterns and severity prior to landfall? d. What unique capabilities will NIS provide to help anticipate and predict, in real-time, damage patterns or potential (e.g., buildings, bridges, roads, waterways, etc.)? e. What is lifetime of fine scale storm structural information for forecasters that would be useful from NIS? f. At what periods of TC lifecycle will NIS be most useful to forecasters (i.e., genesis, open ocean, near landfall, after landfall, etc.)? g. Will NIS be able to fulfill some aspects of role that reconnaissance plays?


2. Given proposed NIS instrument design (i.e., frequency, Doppler acuity, polarimetric diversity, resolution, scan strategy, orbit) and issues relevant to real time applications, develop consensus on:

a. aspects of design that are particularly useful, b. critical weaknesses that must be addressed, c. enhancements to design that should be considered.

4:00 pm Panel Talks (60 min -- with subset of Panel Members to speak) Chair: Christopher Landsea Rapporteur: Christopher Velden Panel Members: Jack Beven (TBD), Michael Biggerstaff, Michael Black, Jason

Dunion, Tim Liu, Frank Marks 5:00 pm Panel Discussion with Audience Participation (30 min)

5:30 pm Adjourn for Day

5:45 pm Icebreaker (90 min)

7:15 pm Disperse for Dinner

Wednesday (11 April)

S5. Early-Morning Science Panel II Session (Ming Xue, Chair) Presentation of Science Panel II: TC NWP and Data Assimilation (90 min)

Specific Charge to Science Panel II

1. Develop consensus amongst panel members concerning specific uses and value that NIS would have on TC NWP and data assimilation paradigm. Of particular interest are:

a. How will NIS observations facilitate expected role that cloud resolving NWP and data assimilation will play in future TC forecasting? b. What unique information will NIS provide to enhance data assimilation for TCs in global and other non-TC specific models? c. What are expected length o f impacts of high temporal/spatial resolution NIS observations on deterministic and probabilistic model forecasts? d. What are expected impacts of NIS observations on overall intensity/structure prediction problem? e. What are expected impacts of NIS observations on TC surge and hydrological forecasting derived from TC model forecasts?

2. Given proposed NIS instrument design (i.e., frequency, Doppler acuity, polarimetric diversity, resolution, scan strategy, orbit) and issues relevant to future TC N WP and data assimilation (i.e., cloud resolving deterministic and probabilistic models), develop consensus on:



9:00 am Panel Talks (60 min -- with subset of Panel Members to speak) Chair: Ming Xue Rapporteur: William Lewis Panel Members: Sim Aberson, Scott Braun, Shuyi Chen , Christopher Davis

(TBD), George Halliwell (TBD), Sharan Majumdar, Gregory Tripoli 10:00 am Panel Discussion with Audience Participation (30 min)

10:30 am Break (30 min)

S6. Mid-Morning Science Panel III Session (Michael Montgomery, Chair) Presentation of Science Panel III: TC Basic Research (90 min)

Specific Charge to Science Panel III (draft -- being modified by M. Montgomery & J. Kossin)

1. Develop consensus amongst panel members concerning specific uses and value that NIS would have to basic research into TCs one decade into future. Of particular interest are:

a. What scientific issues related to dynamics, thermal, and moisture internal structure of TCs (e.g., eyewall replacement, rain bands, assymetrical structure, etc.) could be addressed with data collected by NIS instrument? b. What issues related to genesis (e.g., vortical hot towers, warm core decent, preexisting MCVs, aggregation of MCVs) could be studied with data collected by NIS instrument? c. What issues related to storm-environmental interactions of inflow and outflow could be studied with data collected by NIS instrument? d. What issues related to un derstanding of physical processes (e.g., microphysics, radiative transfer, surface interaction) could be addressed with data collected by NIS instrument? e. What scientific issues related to attendant weather (e.g., tornadoes, wind variability, precipitation variability, aviation weather, etc.) could be addressed with data collected by NIS instrument? f. What issues related to interaction of TCs with ocean surface (mixing, air-sea fluxes, formation of surges, change in sea height, etc.) could be studied with data collected by NIS instrument? g. What issues related to damage patterns and damage potential could be studied with data collected by NIS instrument?

2. Given proposed NIS instrument design (i.e., frequency, Doppler acuity, polarimetric diversity, resolution, scan strategy, orbit) and issues relevant to real time applications, develop consensus on:


11:00 am Panel Talks (60 min -- with subset of Panel Members to speak) Chair: Michael Montgomery Rapporteur: James Kossin Panel Members: Tim Dunkerton, Kevin Knupp, John Molinari, David Nolan,

Wayne Schubert, Nick Shay, Hugh Willoughby


12:00 pm Panel Discussion with Audience Participation (30 min)

12:30 Lunch (60 min)

S7. Early-Afternoon Science Breakout Session (Eric A. Smith, Chair) Meetings of Science Breakout Groups (120 min)

Convene into three Science Breakout Groups focusing on specific topics relevant to Science Panels I-III -- with members of Technology Panel seeded amongst Breakout Groups to assist in keeping scientific aims resonant with technological realities. Each Breakout Group will be led by Chair, supported by Rapporteur, and charged with assessing usefulness of and instrument requirements for NIS vis-à-vis underlying topics.

1:30 pm Charge to Science Breakout Groups (Eric A. Smith, 10 min) 1:40 pm Science Breakout Meetings (110 min)

3:30 pm Break (30 min)

S8. Mid-Afternoon Final Reports & Wrap-up Session (Greg Tripoli, Chair) Final Reports from Science Breakout Groups & Wrap-up Discussions (90 min) 4:00 pm Summary Reports from Science Breakout Group Chairs (60 min) 5:00 pm Wrap-up Discussions with Audience Participation (30 min) Plans for Completion of NIS Mission White Paper (Eric A. Smith, 10 min) Plans for Preparation of NIS Mission Road Map (Eastwood Im, 20 min)

5:30 pm Adjourn Workshop

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eric a. smith 301-614-6286 10 april 2007 1 preliminaries eric a. smith nasa/goddard space flight...

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