erik svenson leonid germanovich todd schweisinger larry murdoch supported by nsf ear 0001146...
TRANSCRIPT
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Erik Svenson Leonid Germanovich
Todd SchweisingerLarry Murdoch
Supported by NSF EAR 0001146
TRANSIENT CHANGES in FRACTURE
APERTURE DURING HYDRAULIC WELL
TESTS in FRACTURED GNEISS
LAR-4 26.5 m
(GT)
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FRACTURED BEDROCK
Hydraulically active sheet fractures
Wells
Sweet City QuarryElberton, GA
• Fracture •signifance•geometry•response
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OBJECTIVE/MOTIVATION
•Single Well •Pressure & Displacement
Approach:
• Develop Field Scale Test
• Interpret Data with (HM) Model
•Motivation:Predict movement of fluids in low transmissivity
rock•Transmissivity
•Fracture Storativity
•Heterogeneities (Leakage and Blockage)
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HYDROMECHANICAL REGIMES
Pressure and Displacement
Pumping:
Fracture Aperture:
(-)Withdrawal Injection
(+)
Closing Dilating Opening Propagating
Asperities in contact
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CONCEPTUAL MODEL
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THEORETICAL MODEL
P P P p
P PP P
P P
P PP PP P
P,P: Continuity in finite difference
: Estress-displacement
Sneddon integral, semi-analytical
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Time (seconds)0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000
Hea
d(m
eter
s)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
Dis
pla
cem
ent
(m
)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2HeadDisplacement
Transient Responses During Slug Test
t0.37
MODEL RESULTS (SLUG TESTS)
T = dwell2/t0.37
Similar to Hvorslev Method
Transmissivity, T
T = 0.1 cm2/sec
Slug
Inj
ectio
n
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FRACTURE COMPLIANCE
~2.5x10-6m/mH20
Head (m)
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2
Dis
pla
cem
ent
(m
)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Late-time derivative (slope) of displacement vs. head curve
f
Fracture Compliance, f
Inversely proportional to fracture normal
stiffness
Fracture Compliance During Slug
f
time
Hysteresis
Sf = wf
Storage:
Depth: 25 meters
Fracture Storativity:
Specific Storage of interval:
Ss = f /length
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INFLUENCE OF HETER0GENEITIES
Head (m)0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2
Dis
pla
cem
ent
(m
)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2Baseline1m3m14m38m76m
Leakage away from well
Head (m)0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2
Dis
plac
emen
t (
m)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0Baseline1m3m14m38m76m
Blockage away from well
Hysteresis becomes less pronounced as leakage is
placed closer to well
Hysteresis becomes more pronounced for blockage
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EXTENSOMETER
Displacement Transducer
Packer
Exploded View of
Retractable AnchorAnchor
Anchor
Packer
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BASIC FIELD RESULTS (25m deep)
Time(seconds)1 10 100 1000
Hea
d(m
)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Dis
pla
cem
ent( m
)0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5HeadDisp.
Slug-In Test (13 Liter Slug)
Head(m)0 2 4 6 8
Dis
pla
cem
ent
(m
)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
Head vs Disp.
Fracture Compliance Plot
Δ Head: 6.4 mH20 Fracture Compliance, f: 1.75 x10-6 m/mH20
Δ Displacement: 3.3 µm Specific Storage, Ss: ~ 10-6mH20-1
Transmissivity: 0.5 cm2/s
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DEPTH VARIATIONSD
ep
th(m
ete
rs)
10
20
30
40
50
60
Ca
sin
gF
ra
ctu
red
Bio
tite
Gn
eis
s
WELL-(LAR-4) FRX. LOCATION
h/hmax
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2
m
ax
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2 T1-11/04
T2-11/04
T3-11/04
T1-1/21/05
T2-1/21/05
T3-1/21/05
25.5m
27.0m
NORMALIZED COMPLIANCE PLOTS
Repeatable Results
Variable:•Compliance• Shape
h/hmax
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2
m
ax
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2 T1-5.5LT2-5.5L
δmax : 2μm
δmax : 3μm
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K & S DISTRIBUTIONS
Leakage
Blockage
• Three conductive zones (Blue Highlight)
• Most of water released
from storage in upper 2
zones
• Leakage within 8m of
borehole (Yellow Highlight)
•Well located ~ 6m away
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CONCLUSIONS
Feasible to measure in-situ displacementsdisplacements
• DisplacementsDisplacements during slug tests:
up to 20 m
• UseUse head andand displacementsdisplacements to to characterize
subsurfacesubsurface
• Fracture Compliance (f ):
0.1 m/(m of drawdown) -- 5 m/m
• Specific Storage (Single Well): Ss Proportional f, estimates ~ 10~ 10-6-6 to 10 to 10-5-5
mm-1-1
• Estimate leakage Estimate leakage and blockage blockage away from borehole away from borehole
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Erik Svenson Leonid Germanovich
Todd SchweisingerLarry Murdoch
Supported by NSF EAR 0001146
TRANSIENT CHANGES in FRACTURE
APERTURE DURING HYDRAULIC WELL
TESTS in FRACTURED GNEISS
LAR-4 26.5 m
(GT)
![Page 16: Erik Svenson Leonid Germanovich Todd Schweisinger Larry Murdoch Supported by NSF EAR 0001146 TRANSIENT CHANGES in FRACTURE APERTURE DURING HYDRAULIC WELL](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc61a28abf838ca7310/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Comparison to Hvorslev
T = [C ] rc2/t0.37
T = [0.5 ln(Re/rw)] rc2/t0.37
Hvorslev’s Eqn.
This work
td
0.01 0.1 1 10 100
h/h o
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Kni 1.11E12
Kni 1.11E11
Kni 1.06 E10
Kni 0.75 E9
Kni 0.26 E8
3.7 < C < 6, from graph
So, for Hvorslev in frx’d rock
Re > 1600rw
Most applications of Hvorslev would underestimate K in this systemtT/rc2