erikson final

8/7/2019 Erikson FINAL

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Psychosocial

Development


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PhallicStage

Childspleasurefocuses on

genitals

LatencyStage

Childrepressessexualinterest

and developssocial and

intellectual

skills

Anal Stage

Childspleasure

focuses onanus

GenitalStage

A time of sexual

reawakening;source of sexual

pleasurebecomes

someoneoutside of thefamily

Oral Stage

Infantspleasure

centers onmouth

Freudian Stages

6 yrs topuberty

Birth to1 yrs

1 to 3yrs

Pubertyonward

3 to 6years


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PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY

Erik Erikson (1902-1994)


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Introduction.

Five important stages of

the theory.


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The most widely accepted theory of

personality development is thatadvanced by Erikson (1963).
http://www.nancyaharrington.com/l/1400/1413_s.jpg


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Although built on Freudiantheory , it is known as thetheory of psychosocial

development and emphasizea healthy personality asopposed to a pathologic

approach.


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He elaborate a phase or stage

theory covering the wholelifespan form birth to death , eachstage had a development task

with success or failure polarizedas two extremes or opposites.


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Like Freud, he believed thatthe unsuccessful orunresolved residues of earlierphases had a continuedimpact on later adjustmentand on the successful

resolution of subsequentphase.


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There are Five

importantStages of

development


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This phase occupies the fistyear and is mainly concernedwith the establishment ofsecure and stablerelationship , primarilybetween mother and theinfant, corresponding toFreuds oral stage .
http://images.google.com.eg/imgres?imgurl=http://www.estatevaults.com/bol/_baby_sleeping_toes.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.estatevaults.com/bol/archives/parenting/&usg=__CxCB1M2wnukQJEcTMUkpUuJN9hA=&h=423&w=470&sz=56&hl=ar&start=42&tbnid=Y0enOkZdPzy8HM:&tbnh=116&tbnw=129&prev=/images%3Fq%3DTRUST%2BVS%2BMISTRUST%2BBABY%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Dar%26sa%3DN%26start%3D40


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Trust exists only in relation tosomething or someone to itsdevelopment.

Mistrust develops whenbasic needs are inconsistently or in adequately

met.


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Although shreds of mistrustare sprinkled throughout thepersonality from a basic trustin parents stems trust is the

world, other people, andoneself.The result is faith andoptimism .


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care and nourishment fromcaretakers learn to trust and

view the world as a safe,dependable place.Inconsistent Infants who

consistently receive warmloving care yields anxiety anddistrust.
http://images.google.com.eg/imgres?imgurl=http://images.stanzapub.com/readers/2009/09/29/1_2010.jpg&imgrefurl=http://socyberty.com/psychology/erik-eriksons-psychosocial-theory/&usg=__MqYOgkewlddamDWhHp1J6eKzD98=&h=122&w=220&sz=7&hl=ar&start=58&tbnid=aXB5DAVhQ31XYM:&tbnh=59&tbnw=107&prev=/images%3Fq%3DTRUST%2BVS%2BMISTRUST%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Dar%26sa%3DN%26start%3D40


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Corresponding to Freuds

anal stage, the problem ofautonomy can be symbolizedby the holding onto and lettinggo of the sphincter muscles .


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The development ofautonomy during the toddler

period is centered aroundchildrens ability to controltheir bodies, themselves andtheir environment .


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This phase is characterized

by the childs increasingpowers of mobility andlocomotor skills .providing the basis for the

development of some

independence, andautonomy.


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The new skills are initiallyvery vulnerable and onlyprecariously developed,

so that the childs self confidence is easilyundermined leading to the

negative outcome of shameand doubt .


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Development of a sense of autonomy,separateness, feeling of competence and

self-worth. Child strives to accomplishthings independently; tests limits imposedby parents. Roots in toilet training anddevelopment of motor skills. Children witha sense of autonomy like to makedecisions; those who have sense of shameprefer being told what to do.
http://images.google.com.eg/imgres?imgurl=http://thumb7.shutterstock.com.edgesuite.net/display_pic_with_logo/1109/1109,1167633277,1/stock-photo-ashamed-a-toddler-bows-his-head-in-shame-2406969.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.shutterstock.com/pic-2406969/stock-photo-ashamed-a-toddler-bows-his-head-in-shame.html&usg=__Hty9q5igdFIppRT59Pi7XO0uups=&h=470&w=301&sz=35&hl=ar&start=5&tbnid=YOOVycIS8qLEiM:&tbnh=129&tbnw=83&prev=/images%3Fq%3DSHAME%2BToddler%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Dar%26sa%3DN


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The role of the parents is crucial infostering the sense of achievementrather than failure.Independence fosteredby support and encouragementSo: The beginning of independence skillsacquisition good outcome

capable and competent.Bad outcome dependent andunsure.


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3-

Initiativeversus guilt(3-5 years)


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The childs rapidly expanding skills,particularly in language, enable thechild to initiate and sustain activities,so that exploration and activity arethe order of the day.Developed by exploring andaccepting challenges
http://images.google.com.eg/imgres?imgurl=http://thebridgeschool.ph/img/prog10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://thebridgeschool.ph/prog.html&usg=__c3bRz-XmeLfVougj9pqjqA7CzM0=&h=431&w=535&sz=264&hl=ar&start=40&tbnid=KY9VgrmRkLxUIM:&tbnh=106&tbnw=132&prev=/images%3Fq%3DInitiative%2BPRESCHOOL%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Dar%26sa%3DN%26start%3D20http://images.google.com.eg/imgres?imgurl=http://hanover.k12.va.us/Instruction/federalPrograms/images/fedpro10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://hanover.k12.va.us/Instruction/federalPrograms/fedprograms.htm&usg=__Xo3vzKPtlEcb6_PBba8NvAIFUZQ=&h=339&w=340&sz=25&hl=ar&start=7&tbnid=C6G25-UFj8PWgM:&tbnh=119&tbnw=119&prev=/images%3Fq%3DInitiative%2BPRESCHOOL%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Dar


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If the childs exuberance andenthusiasm are too restricted orthwarted by parents or others, thendespondency and defeatismpredominate, leaving the child with asense of guilt.


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So that:

Successful pursuit of certingoal oraims outcome confident aboutskills.Bad outcome hesitant, uncertain
http://images.google.com.eg/imgres?imgurl=http://shenandoah.k12.va.us.poweredbyindigo.com/images/connie_graphics/Preschool.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.shenandoah.k12.va.us/v.php%3Fpg%3D166&usg=__2m0yHILwQmR3gEC6YxaN8CpSRKo=&h=1024&w=681&sz=153&hl=ar&start=78&tbnid=SJvkRjJYdhLplM:&tbnh=150&tbnw=100&prev=/images%3Fq%3DInitiative%2BPRESCHOOL%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Dar%26sa%3DN%26start%3D60http://images.google.com.eg/imgres?imgurl=http://i238.photobucket.com/albums/ff177/salviaforme/album2/depressed-sad-child-J163-24-11LGmm.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.eruptingmind.com/parent-child-guilt/&usg=__NAM-B4RFfF7qYEJNxh_qiM_yUNs=&h=378&w=312&sz=10&hl=ar&start=2&tbnid=gioWfKl6WbRlmM:&tbnh=122&tbnw=101&prev=/images%3Fq%3DFEEL%2BGUILT%2BCHILD%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Dar


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Schooling and peerrelationships dominate thisperiod, so that the successfulchild become literate,

numerate and sociallyintegrated with his peers.Mastery comes from successand recognition
http://images.google.com.eg/imgres?imgurl=http://facs.nsula.edu/assets/images/family.jpg&imgrefurl=http://facs.nsula.edu/child-development-certification/&usg=__KjHfI4z2RdkcwcgvNhg1rcM4xGQ=&h=233&w=350&sz=24&hl=ar&start=10&tbnid=OTUzEpqBEEuB7M:&tbnh=80&tbnw=120&prev=/images%3Fq%3DINDUSTRY%2BCHILD%2BDEVELOPMENT%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Dar%26sa%3DXhttp://images.google.com.eg/imgres?imgurl=http://www.nancyaharrington.com/l/2300/2355_s.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.nancyaharrington.com/page/page/2226935.htm&usg=__FDNTH3dhl8W_xzEQQqHuEQbEkpI=&h=200&w=200&sz=18&hl=ar&start=22&tbnid=PO-mDTmZxwllcM:&tbnh=104&tbnw=104&prev=/images%3Fq%3DERIKSON%2BTHEORY%2BAND%2BIndustry%2Bvs.%2BInferiority%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Dar%26sa%3DN%26start%3D20


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Failure to achieve these goalsleads to a sense of

inferiority and indecency witha low self esteem and socialisolation .


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5- identity versus roleconfusion

(13-18 years)


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Two tasks, sexual identity andcareer identity, are the major focus ofinterest for the individual.Independence from the family anddeveloping ones own value systembecome important during lateadolescence.
http://images.google.com.eg/imgres?imgurl=http://glaadblog.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/boysdontcry.jpg&imgrefurl=http://thebechdeltest.blogspot.com/2009_02_01_archive.html&usg=__3EH0rFBAQSikOu3to0iIGRm_m_8=&h=305&w=475&sz=33&hl=ar&start=25&tbnid=4KgupVKmyVRU_M:&tbnh=83&tbnw=129&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDEVELOPMENT%2Bsexual%2Bidentity%2BIN%2BCHILDREN%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Dar%26sa%3DN%26start%3D20


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The successfulaccomplishment of thesetasks provides the individualwith a strong sense of identityand self confidence , enablingthe adolescent to make the

transition to adult hoodrelatively easily.
http://images.google.com.eg/imgres?imgurl=http://i238.photobucket.com/albums/ff177/salviaforme/album3/indentityerikson.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.eruptingmind.com/erik-eriksons-stages-of-psychosocial-development/&usg=__I0ahjYWnRYFbjmwB1uOUKFmqoYQ=&h=267&w=401&sz=14&hl=ar&start=15&tbnid=k0qdwoEGwqtMJM:&tbnh=83&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3DROLE%2BCONFUSION%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Darhttp://images.google.com.eg/imgres?imgurl=http://glaadblog.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/boysdontcry.jpg&imgrefurl=http://thebechdeltest.blogspot.com/2009_02_01_archive.html&usg=__3EH0rFBAQSikOu3to0iIGRm_m_8=&h=305&w=475&sz=33&hl=ar&start=25&tbnid=4KgupVKmyVRU_M:&tbnh=83&tbnw=129&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDEVELOPMENT%2Bsexual%2Bidentity%2BIN%2BCHILDREN%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Dar%26sa%3DN%26start%3D20


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By contrast, poor peer

relationships and uncertaincareer choice are prominentfeatures of an unsatisfactoryadjustment, resulting in roleconfusion and aimless lack ofdirection.
http://images.google.com.eg/imgres?imgurl=http://kingston21.files.wordpress.com/2009/04/confusion-new.jpg&imgrefurl=http://kingston21.wordpress.com/tag/music/&usg=__TEDcXYWzcdAiHIHA0qEB4bjV-iE=&h=260&w=246&sz=13&hl=ar&start=4&tbnid=ByfK8QpJvPB6bM:&tbnh=112&tbnw=106&prev=/images%3Fq%3DROLE%2BCONFUSION%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Darhttp://images.google.com.eg/imgres?imgurl=http://www.lifeintheoffice.com/wp-content/uploads/2006/06/boredom.png&imgrefurl=http://martadouglass.blogspot.com/2008_02_01_archive.html&usg=__-RMnyduJSGJ2ta93k3Ts2Xk36H0=&h=238&w=428&sz=130&hl=ar&start=2&tbnid=kpvOyHHSrHKA8M:&tbnh=70&tbnw=126&prev=/images%3Fq%3DROLE%2BCONFUSION%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Dar


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Energies are focused on intimaterelationships, learning to live withpartner (marriage), starting family,managing a home. Stablerelationships and good career. Or incontrast, poor intimate relationshipsand career choice.

6- Intimacy versus isolation(19-25 years)


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Increase awareness of mortality,passage of time but usually is not

personal crisis.Rear children in stable unionfamily stable and successful

career in contrast poor careerattainment unstable relationship.

7- Generatively vs self absorption (26-40 years)


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8- Ego integrityvs despair

(41 + )


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Acknowledgment of lifes

successes and failureGood outcome acceptance oflifes limitations and vagaries.Bad outcome despondencyand despair.


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Erik Eriksons Eight Stages of Human Development

1 - Trust vs. mistrust2 - Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

3 - Initiative vs. guilt

4 - Industry vs. inferiority5 - Identity vs. identity confusion

6 - Intimacy vs. isolation

7 - Generativity vs. stagnation8 - Integrity vs. despair


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erikson final

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