eritrean struggle for democratic change section 7 (menkae)

12
30/6/74 : :- : : :: 11/8/75 :: :: -------------- : 10/73 / / :: :: :: :: ' ? :- :- :: (46) : :: : .. ? :: :: :: :: :: 1. : :: ' :: :: - :: :- . : :: . : :: . : :: . : :: . : :: . : / / . : / / (47) 2. : : : : : : : ::

Upload: rezzeene

Post on 12-Nov-2014

187 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Eritrean Struggle for Democratic Change Section 7 (Menkae)

�30/6/74 : � � ���� ��� �� ���� ����� ��� ��� � !�"� #� $�%� &'� (�)�:- +,-� �� ./� �� $0%1� 2�3'4: $0%1� �� +56 789 +: ;1<� �=�> 1� &'� �� ?�0 �+�@: �ABC� (�DCE �7=1:: $0%1� �� 11/8/75 �� �D/I� �� �J�� �:K� �L: �M-> �� ?�0 2��+�C D/I�:: N� +,O<� �� &J� MP& 7� ��AQK� (?RM 9S:: -------------- NT M%&� N��: $0%1� 1�� 1� ��� � !�"� U/DV W > 'N�� N �RX� �MP& 23'Y �� ����� �� �A $7QN< 10/73 /�Z[ �&7'\ / �]I/� 9^:: ��'_� �`a�b ( c�':: �`a�b R� )d: ��%Q' R� 9S:: )d: ��%Q' 2� $0%1� �)de �fg R� 9S:: $0%1�' 2 N <� R� 9S? $0%1� �� �j $B:� �M-k % 88� ��C�:- ���C$ �j �� ?�0 (+�C �W�� �fK� �Nl`� mY �n� &:- %0 �&8� �j �?YN ��fgB ��ADg $'�� ��88' R� 9S::�R� (46) �`a��^ +� R�: �� ��K� �q'�& �rM8' �:K� %/' Uf&C R� 9S:: �� +�� a �R�: �� ).�. �� �`a�b^ ��%Q' N <� _R� �@? ��%Q� _R� +� #� k �'t �� BIl �&8� 9S:: �� __� �&8� $=I� __� �% 8M 9S:: Ug"'M __� �&8� 2� $=Iu _R� rMM' 9S:: �� +�� 2�� ��$=R �v% wA<� ��xZ 9S:: �� < (]R� �� =R�� _cR<� 2yC� ��D�I _R<� $C2�:: 1. ��C<�: ��C<� �)1WJ z � �{ ^� �� WK9 ��| �+?N ��:' �R��1 _R� ��%Q' �� ��C<� �'t +?N 2$� 2��fg ���'' 9S:: �>/g �� +?N �&8� _R� �'t �� �q'�& _R� �� �'2/J N# ' S:: _R� ����& /0} �a~% 7�.B��� �8j� WKN �KCj� �&Kq ����N�J �� 9S:: ��C<�� �?YN ����Y ;�� �-% f� ��$IJ �� _R� f:� Q'A �� ����j +?N ��CS ���Cq :: ;R >+<� ;�� /��B $C2� :- �. >g�: �� N2K� �C� �1/I ��C� � 8' g�� �C� �=|� �1/I ��| Q'A �JN $>C� aq!�X N Q2�J 2� �8S ��+, �>/g a,� �� WK9 2+zJ ��N ;1<� �|�X:: R. q�!�!: � 8' WK9 ��E�� ��D�� �^ �E�� ���� U��Rn� � � A < 2����:: �. T+C�: �=� �1/I ? :'� �%0� (%?v 9@� �$� �E�� �Ue�:: $. DI?': �� �Yq^� ��| �Dd ���KN; �E�� �7\k:: =. ?C�: WK9 2q!� ���7 _cR �%0� ��;�X:: I. DI?': �E�� 1 �%�� �#\�� /$+AN� � ��j/ =. �%: ��� >+� +?N N�+ �E�� �E�� 7\�� /$r=C� N0�/ (47) 2. a&C<�: � \ U]':: �q� UQC#: �B�� �E� ��C�K: )de =� � �� %a�� �DC?@� U+&^: =� �� )d�� U !�: )d�� ��+�� �>7�� U/��: WK9 ���Iu �)K a&C<� �.-W �R#:: �+: _R� ? �/d�

Page 2: Eritrean Struggle for Democratic Change Section 7 (Menkae)

a&C<� �?�t +: �Dd �1 $�'� ��I2: 9g :: N� ��I& ?YN �� $0%1� = =R� �/d� ���C6 9g :: a DCM (q�$� /�a&J W@ ��1<� _R� 't:: �. a&| �� � !"% :-- N� a&| N� �� +�� �� ;1<� =+� )d� �ABC� $U'?% $1�N% ��� 2�3�:- +�� (d'?� ��BCj �,:� 7� (1"�J ��?�� �'N��<� $0%1� ��^ ���^q �1 ��af' w��@� ����Cq 9^:: ��1� N� +�' � %0 %� f� > �aCfC > �� �q�� !� �R�;� !� +?� �� �D�IJ �� a&| �� /��KR� 7I 9S =��X:: �DTN 'NV a&| �� �,:� �� U!'/J �� �UgM?� $IQN< �� �B aC� �� �1x_:: N� a&|' � ��7,� �Ky� �7CB 9j� N� N � �:)R 'a� �� 9,^� 9S:: �7CB �R� <� �'P 2f� �JN �K&1� ��7.4 ? 7� fCN =� �'P ���U ? R. a&| %a��:-- N� a&| N� �� %a�� _YN �ABC� 27y !� +?N _�� (2' �?�� (1V �RU��' �v% ,�� ��0� �@:: ��1� �� 2/, UR� �E�� �� �+b 5?' UAq`� U@ �B �{ ^� 9S:: ��' � a&| N� �Ky Z, 9��m� 9S 1��:: fCN ��I& #K %Z� N��Wt U,��� ? 9,^� 9S:: �. a&| � \:-- Ca� 2� %a�� a&| � \ !� +?N 7� _�� 7� �� 1 % % 88� 2+MN �RU��' 7� �JN �K&1� �RU�7.4 �ABC� (_#1 � U�?:N �v% q�� �_#-�X�:: /q�� q�!�!:- q�� �D)��:- q�� ?C�:- q�� 2/,::/ �T�: 5?' $ D�' + �JN ��{�' �D��@� N ��2+ />C �8� /I{� �WK9 ����<%v :: $. �T�: a&| <�|� ��/ �I� N+ �\3� N � (48) U��Rq� �U��¡� �� �K&1� ��3"C UIa4� WD� N � �%�u �d'd'X ����,N1 N$�R�:: 3. &J� �j<�: 1. f� 2/, �{<�:-- �= ( �� �@K: �� )de �'QN �� %a�� �� �=1�� rM0 _R� 5?' : `� �� �E� 2� U_#1� �Cq 9�:: 2. =R��:-- �� =C&� =R�� (+%¢J �{NJ �� )de %/�� .-Mf ��<� �a<� 9S:: 1� 2M � �K&1� �]C �fC �?YN �RU���qI ? 5?' =R�� +�� a,� %� g,3j �@:: 3. _�� �� ��C<� 2/,:-- N� _�� N� $M��� �R U��D�IJ �E�� �� \: $.-�... 7U�. �5D� �R�:: 'a� �� )de:-- +�� )de �� a � z0Y U'��: 0�r �/�0 9S 2I�� �B|:: ��$£� �� D:' �� �Cw 2$� w� 2���IQt 1� �r� ��{' 9S:: ... N� ;J _�� 2$� (NI� ���fNR ? Ug"'M wA �� �B +� U�MN N� +� DTN 'NV ��8WIJ: U8'gJ: �fK� �� U�)C7J �� 9S:: �� q'> 'N�� �.� $=C: �/d% q'> 7� 'N�� �� $0%1� ���,�: ��7�: 7� �< D/ �DCM �R�¤1 $0%1� $Cb �%� ��&'�% 9S:: 'N�� �M�& ��2C2J:

Page 3: Eritrean Struggle for Democratic Change Section 7 (Menkae)

��7'\ �{J: �=� $C2: 'N�� 2�)Y �9,^� �2C(@� ?'� :)I /�� 7� � !C �R�1z  =KS 9¥ ��+ d�C W�8� �$�K|�X:: ��73k: �$�D /'¦: 9��m�: �C�� ��c: Z[ ����f§C:: �&'�%: $0%1� ��7�X �C6 BCj� 9j�: $ ?�� (?C�� 9j� N Q/R� 2���'% �&� :: NT M%&� N�� %0 /�� 1� ��� � !�"� U/DV =:� �zI/ MP&: ��8� 9,^� �� $7QN< 10/73 �]I/� $Cb (�2+ N 2K: ��J�� $0%1� !�C� ���: �%d�� �ZJ� �B f��: �� �� 6/11/73 �L: �� 72C� �ABC� (]'� ��bY �1/I 9S:: ��U ��R� aC� 7'� /%0 ��% �M �� zQ� fC�� 7D�� )d: ��C<� §'��/ �� +5¨ +��: �B %! �� MCN %�< �MK� ;1<� ��¨� 2�U@ ����%�X 9©�:: �B aC� �E� N+ 'N���� �304� 1�£�:: ��� �� @� UI:� �� fCN �'5�<� !� �N<7� ��� MP&' � U@- $C� 'N�� ()� 9g:: �¤1 �© 1qe �� �d�gJ N# : <0� ��:R ��� ��C<� N� !� ;�� ��� U@�j � % ;�� ��C�X 2� �� ;� �� ?�� �N�j' � N �¤ ;: ��:R ��� ��C<� N� �&K� �� N� fC�� 7D )d: ��C<� �/.C �1/I /�Wez ��Cª/ U'�I /�� MP& 2!'� 2��� ; 2UfaI;� ��u:: $N� ��� �1/I MP& "B`a�b" �N��C q��� �C �c�' �� N �¤1: �T�: �'_� B`a�b �#mY U@ �DKC8 (TI� ��BC :: �{ ^u N� �'_� �'_� g�J :: �� ?�0 �� �#>�K� �U'�� U@ $?Rx N+ �B 7D B`a�b q�� /�� 7b¢: �� N2C1� ¬- Ibk �TI� �R�¤1 ��| U�¤1 __� ���%T �� �B �'N�� 9S:: (50) B`a�b R� )d: ��%Q' R� 2��¤1 � ��%� ��$�R :: �� �B %�I�-=� B`a�b �@ �/.C : ��� �/d% )de B`a��^ $=K� ��CS �� ���� 9S:: B`a��^ $=Ku ��CS ��� �� �+aC �'>� 7� �fK� �� �)J 9S:: N� �fK�' � 7� �'>� $0%1� ��� )de 9S:: N� 1� )de �+aC $0%1� ��� %�I�-=� U@ Cg� 'N��<� ��' � )d� ;1<� m7u �\r ��Cq gM � : /� $=I�' � !�� % 8M �� $0%1� �)�:: 5?' �� �'2� N# ��' � 5?�� &<% �Ia�:: . B/< +,O<� �� a � �+, ��� �7=� +,O<� M�& $M��� D��: � ,� �� �7=1 �� ?�0 2��+�C �D�':: N� ��7=1 +,O<� f� $0%1� �� <%�X� �fK� ��� ��%Q' g%C&:: �� <)�X� �fK� U@ ­ ��� $0%1� 1� ��R� +,O<� �>�u �� ?�0 a � �+>C: �'_Z ��C� �N � ('QN: �We¡ %0 �M�� �� ?�0 �+�RJ �D:� �M-k �� ?�0 g+�@::

Page 4: Eritrean Struggle for Democratic Change Section 7 (Menkae)

��' � �� ?�0 U+>@ +,O &'^� wA<� ���Rª : ��' � 1� +,O<� U%R� K�R#� �fC W�8� 'N��� �'P g�KC&:: N� $0%1� 1� W�8� �M-k: 1� &I<� �./ ;1<� ��eJ wA<� N� �I$: �� �$;£� �D:� �'P ��:R �D�':: 2�� 9J f� �B �� aC�: f� aC� �� =R��: f� =R�� �� ...7U�. N���/R !�� �?�?�:: N2C1� URX B`a�b^ ��%Q' 2�� 9S:: $0%1� �)de �fg (/.C N 2@: ;J N� )de g�' R� ���1 :: �� )de $0%1� R� ®� (51) )de �+aC $0%1� R� 9S:: �� )de ��%Q' R� ®� )de �+aC ��%Q' R�' S' �/' )de ��C� g�' R� ���1 :: )de �NlZ �&M�:: ®� �� )de U�+aC $0%1� N �� ¤��: �?�� N� )de $ ¨J �'�j:: �� �B =+� +� 2$� ��$=R �`a��^ ��%Q' g|:: N� +� 2� +� �� �$:: ---�:K� ��� +� ��J��� /$=C �?��� U/J ;@�/ +4� �+aC �R>R %A �C6 �B`a�b^ �D:� �$'�:: --N� %A �fC' � �� +� �R�f % 88� �<.� 8� d�� a&R ���u �fKu : %AA� �M-k %0 �% 8� ��� +� �8� �fC 7� $0%1� �$'M:: --N� %A �fC' � 2��R>R =/�C6 ��� +� $n &J� 7� ?JM �C6 : ?YN : ?� �)CX:: --N� ��� WW �� ��% �C�<� �� ?�0 %0 �+>J: &I<u wA<u �M-k �N'$J ��8WIJ �¢� �� �L: N#�� ��|:: -- N� ��$'W $0)1� /� %A �fC �=�@ +: ��.� 8 ��� +� �fK� a&R �'�� �KCS 1&b 72& �:C ��� +� 2� >3Z �� ��% NlZ �)�:: --N� $0%1� 1� �%A �fC ���R$ �� ��% $B:� ��� U@ ;1<� �T�¢ B\3 $M��� ��+, +,O<u ��� a&R ���� g$�KC&:: --N� a&R �'�� 1� ��#)4 +,O<� �� �� ?�0 �+>�K� �D::� �M-k �� �¢� ���� �� ?�0 ���+>R: �� ��% W�8� �� 'N�� �� $0%1� g�KC&:: --$0%1� 1� W�8� N�M1¯ DA<� N� �I$ 1� f� �v% (52) ­ �' a&R �'�� �$W 'N��<� �(Y: �5 �� ��% $B:� D�� +,O<� g$�KC&:: ��R� +,O<� �� ?�0 g+�C... 7U�:: 2�� N�/R 1� �%A �fC ��� WW �� ��% �C�<� �� ?�0 2� �+�C �D�':: -- ��� �¢� �� �L:<� N#�� 1� %A �fC N�>B$ �� �'P W�8:� g$�KC&::

Page 5: Eritrean Struggle for Democratic Change Section 7 (Menkae)

--��� �¢� �� �L:<� N#�� N� %A �fC 1� !� ��R� +,O<� �� ?�0 2$� 9J 2��+>R !�� wA �M-k wA<� �0Z �5 +,O<� �� ��% �C�<� �¢� N#�� g$�KC&:: --2�� N�/R �� ��% ��:R f� �B BIl �� �R>R N�Bg/: �� ��% �rM8' ��N'�� �$;£ �K� N��D�I �B +� �� &J� $I{ �Z �xZ �� fCN $I{ N�]WR =+� ?�Ab� a,� >7� �g"'M :: �� �B +� N <� >�1� �`a�b^ $=K� ()J �?:N? -- 'N��: 1]°<: q'> �3��:- -- �� �L:<� ��<& �d<� /% �M/:- -- �� a�$'M (��IM $=C /% �M/:- -- �CX U��J �� ��% �C 2� >!�� (7./f:- -- U��+��: U��M�&: U��&'�%:- -- �� >®�: .���: E<...7U� �CX 2�D/'f:- -- �� �?� C�� fCN �q3 �'1�:- -- �� �I&� a a �Cj� �'1�:- -- �� ��-�� �Cj� �'1�:- -- (��R� (��C�: (��.' (��)':- -- 7�.B� �'�<� �� �&W$J �� �d<� 'N�� �!�� :- ...7U�:: (53) N� ©J >�1� $=K� N� 7� �'1<�' � ? ��zgB 7� �� �b±|

�'>� ��U N �U���� c ?'?' �R��q' �� +� �'_� �RUq&N: �= =R� ��,b� �='% (�+ �?:N:: R�:--

1. �B =� �%� +�:- 2. f� �� +PQ� �� �v�� 'N�� 2����':- 3. K�RX� �R&� <%�X� �R&� 2�UR�:- 4. ;J �fK� 7� a&R �'�� +� �%� $0%1� 2��¤1:- 5. �� �:' $0)1� &J� �K&1� 2�U@ �|qf:- ��#)/f �NTT� �I�N� ���M1� �� ?�0 �+>C: 'N��� m�f 'N�� �v�� �{<C �KS 9S::

�U�f' � $=K� �� 1&b 72& �:C ��CS 2���� �D�' %?<� �@:: N� ©J ?�� 2��#)4 ��N� ��N'�� N �B� U�.CS �¤1 �© >�1� ��%Q' �?YN (='% ��aNC 9S:: �� =C&� )d: ��C<� �'1� §'�� �v% +: _R<� 2�U@ �� �%� 9�. #� n \ ��� _R<�' � �B �R�f % 8M �RUgC4 9S::

Page 6: Eritrean Struggle for Democratic Change Section 7 (Menkae)

��%Q�� ���yJ 2��1/I: D�' + )d: ��C<� �/C �:mJ �� aC� &J� ��%Q�� 2�U@ � ���%� 9S:: 1� 1 /�� �¤1 ��%Q�� 2��J UM � n !<� <0{ ��6q� ��:R ��� 1 /�� �1/I U@ ��%Q�� 9S:: 'P! N ��� �� <0{ �I< �A@� nC3:: N� ;1<�' � B� �eJX 2��J (3MC �B| =� �@�? 1� 2�� ��$=R ��%Q' !��' S ��C �AQ| ��I{/' �? �B �'2� ��$�R :: N� a � �¤1 �� +5¨' � U@�j �� � !�"� �'1� U�)� �� � % ;�� ;1<�: 1� �1/I ���KR (54) ��%Q�� �q'�& f� �� �� ?� �v% 8�0 �D�� �?/' �@ :: 1� 1D�� N� �� $�W�< ��8% �� �?/' 8�0 �B �B _R<� �@:: �k� �� �& �NR� � �C ? ... N �²:: 1� �_��' � $zWC< $BCBC (�+ �:mJ N� �� zQ� fC�� 7D�� )d: ��C<� �1/I aC� ��%Q�� �B�bV: 7�.B�� ���yE�: ?�� N� �1/I aC� ��%Q�� ��B ��� 1� U@ ��C<� gf� �@:: ��� %A+1� ��� $0%1�' � N� %A �fJ �/.C �C6 �d<� �'_�' � N �U��J Q%�� U'�I (DCE 9g:: f� ;J UD�: 1� d�ID ;1<� z�'f ��5 ��fN ���C %C� !� 55� 7'� �W-k ��1� �R�f ±£?�� +: ��.� 8 fCN �DQb �'N��<� �@:: %A $Cak (7� %A �� +� �L: �?:' �!'�� f� �c�' 1 % D�� 9S:: ��x� �� �� ��?A' N# 2�UR� U��Cq U��� =� gC4 :: �� !� ���5 ��C � ¬J �n�n= =� gC4 :: N� 1D��' � �ABC� �?KM �!'�� �� �D/IJ �1/I ?�: U|Cf �� !�� ��M�% N�� 1� MP& U3IY =:�: "��%Q� _R�" ���C 1qe ���� �� �&WZJ N#�� wA<� 2��'2�: ��' � wA<� #� n \ __� �% 8M 2��¤1: $/�J rMM' �RUgC4 9S ��J:: �� $�$'^ ��1� �:mJ : "�v% wA<� ��xZ 9S..." ���� �eJ: "7�.B��� �8j� WK9 �KCj� �&Kq �=t�J �� 9S:: N�/R ��<� ">g�..... "q�3�!...... ".7C�....... "DI?'...... "?C�...... "DI?'....... (55) "�%......"/��B U'�� n�V7 �@:: �T�:' U �U'�I UR# +?�� !� �d�/� �B 7�.B' �8S WK9 2R| U�aNRJ �{ ^<� N <�... N <� 9S? 9R N���:: N� �?/' +?N U�1zCfJ . B/< �� �{+ �q\ WK9� �� �q\ �8�f �$,,| �� ��+ :- �I� WK9� 2� �I�f �� ��+ :- $³� U���Cª �� N��+ :- �8�f �dX U@ 4<<� U���Cª �� N��+ :- $³� �� �WR$�:- �8�f 2� UB&� 2�UdR3 �� Ug�IA?M:- �<)#{ �NTT� ��U�)C7f:- _R� 7�.B� aNR� �� �)C7f...7U�...7U� 9S' �/' �8S �|� (.'� �>n] �AQK� gC4 :: �� D|� ;1<� �n�¨'f �� �� a � �:C WK9 9S ��+ ��C d :R

Page 7: Eritrean Struggle for Democratic Change Section 7 (Menkae)

�R ��If �� �8�f N��;=J N#�� �@:: �B �B N#�� N+ �< 9S ��+ 9Cf �n�¨'f 8K9 2����fJ �3 N��RJ �@:: N� ��U �U'�I UR# +?�� �<¤=� �1/I WK9 $' S? �U�f ;�� ?C� ;J N� �U'�� U@ +?��: !^Q > �BA �7z� �� �1/I�J N#�� 9S:: $�T%�� 7� Q'A ;J �� 4<� N 2@� �. B/� N q�>J �1/'� ;1<� �R�¤1 ;J ?� �� '_N �� �aC�C ;1<� 9� O'�:: !^Q > 2� �� /I� �=�� C�´� f� C��� U��KR $Ca�� %�£� f� $Ca�� %�'� U��KR �R�¤1 �� �� 7�.B' !^Q > f� �8�� �|� N1RCgJ ;1<� gC4 :: 2��' + �I� !^Q > Q'A ;J 2�� �� �q�j U@� �I� �R�¤1 �� N# �;b WK9f f� �8�f �|� N�RCgJ 7� 2�IA?WJ N�{NC ;1<� �6�� +P 9S:: �� $³� N �� $xN� N+ N� +?N N D�IJ �1/'� 4<<�: ���1 ' � �\3� a �Cª �� ��~ �z�q� ?��' � �@� (/.C ��2�C ' S:: f:� �d^Q !^Q > ��Cª:: ;J N� ;1<� N� �� ?�� 7bf �� 1 /�� ? :�� U@ �8�f 2� �B&t 7� 2�UdC] 2�IA?WJ N�{NC ;1<� �$CN{� 7� �Ij N �U�¤�� (�AD �{NC 9�:: (56) �� 'N�' � ;J �� 7�.B� q/:� _R� 2�U@ (',� ��?:N :: ��� �1/I

/D� U@/ =R�� /�� ��%Q�� ;1<�' + D� n r' � (/.C � ���NR: n \ 9S 9Cf f� �+= 1qe<� �B 9S::

N �� ;J ?� �� '_N �� �aC�C ;1<� O'��: �R� <� �@ w� ��T?�� �d� U� W % ��C 'N�� �]'� ��+ :: N� �D�IJ N#�� 1��: �/d% ?� ? =� �� ��J� �� $T?Y �& �:C �v% �� �_�>d �MKC ... 7U�. 5?�� 1��X 9S:: �U�f' � �� K�| �U2';X ;1<� fCN �� W�8� ��u 1qe<� ()J �{NC:: 1� ;J Ib�f �B >e 7�.B� 1"y (�$�C �&< ? �'_� g�J :: �¤1 ¤�� /��B ��U �U'�I UR# ;�<� (�u:-- >g�: N� ��R� 11/5/72 ��D�I +?N 9S:: ��� N# ' � �1/I ��C�: �1/I �� ��%Q�� d�� �1/I �� $³� &Cn�: �� ?�� ��u' � N �¤1: N� " �+�� ��R� ��N �C" f/� 2$� 2��1/I �df' q�� ��| 9S:: !�' � +?N: 7I �� > �&Kq �B �RK �� µ+>� =��� �K9© 1��:: N� �RK' � �� 4<� N��$C= N 2@ !^Q > 2�I�^ B%0� ���� 1/I�:: 7�.B�� ��Nj� �� ��:)RJ N# : �. B/� �/D� �/D� ��� �� �x' N# �� !^Q > �q�� �!#� ��� �µ1{ BY� �1/I /I{� 7xN�:- D|� ��7Wt D|� �� $ D� N 2@ N� �©b ���� g�� a y �� !^Q > �R�� �d|¡ �BI::N� �µ1{ g� �1/I ��C<� !^Q > ? ��� ��� M:�u �©b zWR:: N� �� zQ� $>C� ��E�� �<�v �1/I ? :': �E�� �RUdR¡: WK9 f� � � /�{ �� fCN =DI:: N� ;1<�' � N� �� N2C �1/I ��C<�� �RU��IB� /('� ��aNC ' S/ WK9 �Eu $bJX " �+�� ��� ;1<�" N 2RX �� 9J 7>R:: B�' ? N�� �WA� �1/'� �³j �� �IADM�: N� �< $bJX� U@ ��|: ��| WK9 2��¤1 (7!�X 2�URX� �1 :�R� $CN{� M�� =�B: (57) N�� �� N2C �1/� �E�� 1� �� �IAD� WK9 7\�� f�� 4�� 2��R!! D/�X::

Page 8: Eritrean Struggle for Democratic Change Section 7 (Menkae)

1� �1 9Cf �df': N <� �/.C? q'rI!: N� +?N' � ��R� 26/6/72 ��D�I 9S:: ���' + ;1<� ��C<�� �&K� �� ��%Q�� &CC� d�� �Wer �� ?�� ��u 9S:: /�' � � /� N��:)R �?/' �1/I $=I� U��J &CC� �d2' 9S:: #� �{ ^u ��� �� $�$'^ MP�� ��R� %� 9S:: �¤1 ¤�� ��T ;�� N�� �E�� 1 �%�� 2���#3k �d2' 9S: #� �{ ^u �� 4< WD� 9S:: N�� 3�� ��R� �E� /��j� �1/�/ q�' � �� �: �1/I /WK9 �� �N ' S ��S 1��/ N� �g �7IB A <<�� /�U��Cª �: � �C\J/ 2;#C� �R�1/£ ��' � !� ��R� ��C<�� U�{� ³j �RU�1/£ �%¢ �#\k:: �E�� 2� �¤� �� �1?£ B+ �eJ: ��I{/ _�� ��1/I :: .7C�: f� 11-13/7/72 �� .7C� N+ N� 3�� ��R� ��| �� 2B: N� �%0� �$W ��| /� �.'� >�- �v �R�1/I/ ��� WK9 �dX �1/I 4<<� � z,]V =:� �� I�g �;b 2yu:: N�� � z,]V �1/� �?#>dJ �1/� Nd �� �IADW �E�� 9j� 9J �"0MX: _�� ���I{/ :: DI?': f� 17-24/2/73 N� ;�� N� =R��� ��%Q�� �q' & ��%Q' ��¶ %0 �"Z ��D�I ;�� 9S:: D� ? N� ��C<� �� �%� 1 /�� +56 ��%Q�� 1��:: 2�� �E� ��CX: "�� �Yq^� ��| �Dd ���KN; �7\>":: N� ��.C U@ �+!"� �E�� ��� ��| �Y q^� �1/I� ? :' �Dd �� /MP: 2��7"3k =�£� ��� �JN $>C� (<¤V ²@� 9j�:: �� $7QN<: ��| (58) !^Q > f�� �� Rz]: �B aC� 7�.B�� f� ��| �Yq^� �E�� 2��R� ��� WK9 �1/£ 4< �� 7�: �E�� WK9 $bCX� �;´�@�: �B �8� �7��:: %0 N� ;��' � ��� ;�� $M��� �D�� /=R��� ��%Q�� ��:' ��(Y U��J/ ��~ $M��� �� 1&b 72& ? :' /�&K� �D��:: �� fC�� 7D )d: ��C<� !� N� ;��: N� �� � % �+!"� �W-k �N � 2�BAD� �v% �� $�I� 1q�<� �7b¢ 1��:: %0 N� ;��' + N� �'N��' � �W-k 2�� !�' � ;�� ��W · �_��<� �+, �:mJ 1��:: �� =R��� ��%Q�� �L: �?:' �� �zI/J N# f� $³� VQ �=_?� 7xN�:: ?C�: 30/3/73 �� �% ;�� f� ��$IJ $�$'^ �� �� zQ� WK9�� 9�j¸^ �Dn��J �C 9S:: �E� (TIY N 2R�: "WK9 2q!� ���7 _cR �%0� ��;�X":: �/g�� 4<? $Cb f���� '2� N` �&� $|N� a TI�:: DI?': /���1 r/' +N� 9S/ 20/5/72 "�E�� 1 �%�� �#��� /$+AN� � ��j/"

Page 9: Eritrean Struggle for Democratic Change Section 7 (Menkae)

N� �+!��' � �� <)#{ �� U��'?AM wA 9S N�/' �� ��%Q' wA ���1 : �{ ^u �E�� !�� �| � 2��1/� 1�� ���V �E� �D|�@� 1�� 9S:: �%: "��� >+� +?N' �' + �E�� �E�� 7\�X� /$r=C N0�/" N� �C �C ��D�I U�',� %0 �dK3 �WC� ���W$ 1D' 9S:: ��� K�| ���/� �E� �U'�� U@ �� ;�� _R� 2� �� ��%Q' _R� ��x� 9S:: N� 1D'' �: U�7>R (59) 7� ��:R >�1� ��' � ��C<�' � U��Cq: "2�� ��$=R wA �D�� 7� 1��" 9J 2��13 �D�£ ��+ :: #� �K� �?� : N <� 7�.B� 7� ��%Q� �'_� U��J �� _�& �'/ 'N�� 9S:: N�/': 2�� �� K�| �D|� U@ "1 %%� �#���" ��C $MI� �& ��� U@ UI:: 7�.B� _R� �� ��%Q' ��1/I :: N� �1/I =R�� ��%Q��: �� +5¨ N� d1/I ��%Q�� �1/I ���KRg ��²<�: ��aC 7�.B� <�|� U����3 /1&b-72& 7�.B' f� WD� ��� �1/I �% ;�� �{ ^� �B aC� =Z �>|Z �� +?N ��u �R�1/I / N+ r�-1D' URX �{ ^� 9S:: f�� ��I� >e� 7�.B� aNR� 2�U@f 2���C ��D�I +?�� /��B =0�f N�: N�: �:C :� 9S:: D|�� =:� /�7I �=�k' + / "�?/' �1/I +?�� �$M��� �?/' ��1/I " ��J:: fCN ��I& �| �$� �B��' + 2��'r� (?IZ �I�S:: ��S U%d 9S:: 2�� 9Cf �d�� 1� �1/'�j �� '_N �aC�C ;1<� �',� 9S:: "$�!" (/.C: 2f� �1/'�j �/��� �� $T?�� 7xN� <¤� 2� �1/'� �Ibk: �� URgf N# "$M��� �?/IJ ��1/I " N�/Cf ��:{ ���� /.C� ®� N <� 2��¤1 �?� U��,�� 9S �:C q�� ��aC:: N� R�� wA<� ��1/I R� U��1� wA<� �&W� 2��1/I: ��J� NRu aNI� N �U���NR $�T%�� �M�� �NI� 2��1/I �R��Cq 9g:: f� ?� �� ?� N 7�� �1/'� 7�.B� �z�6 �?/' �1/I +?�� >e ��a' 9S:: " �%f �+3"�" q�� ���1 ��xZ:: ,�� a'N�X U�BCS >e �� WK9 �d:q >7<� �»/q 1�� 9S:: f�� ��I� ��%Q' (�J N 2R� �g1�� ��%Q' R�� 9S? $0%1� )d: ��C<� zQ� 7D :- fC�� 7D :- k/C:- �$�Q0� ��¶ $ : &J^� =:� (60) �¤1 ¤�� »Yq �1/I ;1<� Ib�f: :�C� �� U&K..,j $=I� U��J U�»Yq 1D�� ��$'�= � <O �R�¤1 wA 9S: .�x ���1 :: zxJ: ��� �� a&R-�'�� ��C 1qe: "�/d� a&R-�'�� �?�� +: �Dd �1 $�'� ��I�: 9g "... "��1<�... "$0%1� / {&| �� �R�f � 3"% / ?d^ ��{�' �1 �?KM D���@� ����Cq " 9J: 1� 1D'' � �'?AM 7� 2� ��a'1� ��3��: "N� +�' � %0 %� > f� �aC�C > �� �q�� !� �R�f� !� +?� �� �D�IJ ?�: a&| �� ���KR� 7I =��X" ��J:: 2� ��5 (�� �B|"$0%1�" (�C N 2@� $ ' S: a&| �� ��$�I�J ?� ��Q0� ��� �� �$� 9S:: �'P ��$IJ N+ $�$'^ ��� �d�j U@� >$� 9S:: �� a&| �� �K&1� ���� % �M 9S:: �� C�|� f� ��Q0� ��� &J� =� /�7CB 9j�/ 2f�� �K&1� �#m�X 9S:: ��� f� $ D� &'\ =>�

Page 10: Eritrean Struggle for Democratic Change Section 7 (Menkae)

U�/d% 2��I��3� N 1�IJ U@� 4< a&| �� f� $0%1� ��CS ���Cq ' S:: ��{�' �?KM /�P:: f�� ��I� N� +�' � > f� �aC�C > �� �q�� ��C ��5 �R�f (1 7�.B� !� 2� �7=B �RU��Cq $/�C ��� �:mJ U@ .�&�& a �Cq N���:: /� 2gN2R >� ��q��: "a&| �� / �,:� �� U]I/J: �B aC� ?� �1x_" "�Ky �7CB 9j� N� N ��:)R 'a� �� 9,^� 9S" ��C:: �T�: �Ky '?M 9S �7CB 9S �Ky:: 2�� �� K�| �U'U'aX �7CB' + 2� �Ky $n �'P U"IWJ N# ��1/I :: �K&1� �� ��z/RJ �� �� �%� &J� �K&1<� <�ADd O'�:: �T�: �W�& MP�� N �� ¤�� 2� �:C $0%1� �&" �7CB N'Nj 1�I:: (61) ,�� "'a�" ��CX N <� 9S? �B MP& !� �%<Z (NI� �RUCj N'Nj 1�I:: N� N+ �&" �7CB:- ,��' + �We¼� ��CqX 9j�:: N� 'a�' � N �� ¤�� �1 q�� �� /�7D� �?/' 'a�' + 1�� 9S:: f�� ��I� �1 2�'Nj U{CaR- �{ ^� N �� .CS (&Rq:: �1y_ ��JX �,:� N� 9S 9@� (+ X' � N ���� ��� zI: N# �'_� ��� �T�: "7�.B� 1�" dTI� �� X MP& 9S:: �T�: N� �'N��' � �� ��T�I��J N# /�� ��7'\/ N� %� �7> k U@ �?'?' ���� �R�1/I:- 7�.B� 1� ��C �'N��� �� N� UR�j ;1<� �T$ �RU��1 /�C �"J/ ��� UR�j ;1<� ��T$B ©J Un"CC MP& ���5 9R �,:�� �� U3I�;J '�½ j-��' 2��+ N�/': �� /R- �3�� $ D� �� � MP& � �© N�/' ��?� 9S /C;X:: f�� zxR 2�� MP& �� X ��@: ��� =� �� �@' � �$�Rf? N �/C;X gR /R-:: ��� N# �M�& � t <�' S �'_Z 9R �� ���;X: %0 %� ��'2� /R-:: %0 %� ��� �T� ;1<� �M%& 9R: UI:� 7�N�:: N� MP& �T�: 7�.B� 1� �� C�| �R�f �7.� zQ�1� �� a& MP& 9S:: 2�� >�1� ���,�: gR : 7� %0 %� ��a'2� 9S:: :.K� N� N �U�� ;: ��� UR�j ;1<� �T� $bJ ����Ng :: �U�f' � V :�J �T� MP& (M%& N+ BA�$ 1�Ij 9g:: a �KR N 2@� �IQ�N� 9� ���KR�:: �� ��\ N� q�� U��1 fCN f�� �>e �'N��<� �C²C� �� TI/J ?�^� wA 9S ��@ 1D' �I��- �3/RJ �v% N# 1�� 9S:: 'N��� �� U3'/J N# �1 �/C;X �© f� ��C n3� �K²R 2�U��@ �We¡ ��Cq 9S:: N� !�� 9S N� wA 9S ��RJ �{ ^� �T�B �' �/' 2���R- ���1 :: 2�� ���5 �� ��RJ N# B0] B+ ���C :: (62) �T�: �<�� �� �7CB d�� :�J �DCE: �1 ? �> ��R 9R �'P �?��

2�U��71 ;X &Jq 9S:: N� ? �. B/� � 9Cf ";J ���� /�� �7- X: �C�� ���% 2C(JX�" R� 9S:: $=I� g�J :: ab N �� ¤�� ?YN $ D¢ �7�: �a�N N �� ¤�� ? ���I- /.K� 9S:: �T�: N� _Q�' � �d�/� N� 1D' $=I� 2�U��J ny�- ���1 : 1D' ? _QS U��Cq a<RC �Rd{NC 9S:: ���� ��$=R /R3 �3:N ��� �� a&| %a�� ��C �'N���: "a&|

Page 11: Eritrean Struggle for Democratic Change Section 7 (Menkae)

%a��... "!� +?N _�� ... �RU��' �v% ,�� ��0� �@ ��1� �� 2/, UR� �E�� �� �+b 5?' UAq`� U@ �B �{ ^� V 9S" ��²4� "�Ky Z, 9��m� N 2@... fCN ��I& 7K %Z� N���M� U=��� 9,^� 9S" ��J:: �T�: a&| %a�� U���{�' �v% 2)�&�& ��BC �$=Iu �´� 9S:: a&| %a�� :�@� �g��� ��RJ N# N �� �CS ?� 4< �Cj� �?RMX $Cb f )/J:: f�� ��I� a&| %a�� �K&1u ��Cq 9S::�T�: �� �$�Q�� _Q� � ,� q�� U��1 �v% ?� �U�0��J 9�:: ��� �1/� �R&� �We¼� ��C�:: Z, 9��m� N 2@ �Ky 9�^� KS �D�' ��C 1D' ? :K 7� $$KN< ��� �T�: a&| �� z0Y U@ 1qe 9S:: a&| %a�� �/.C �� =R��� ��C<� /��%Q��/ 1 /�� 2��1/I: %0 �"� �$�Q0� ��¶ �B N2K a&| %a�� 2��¼$ �d2' 9S:: �� $ ¬ zQ� fC�� 7D )d: ��C<� �1/I ���KRg �� %� 5?' N�� ��� N# ' � �1/� �R&� ��CqX:: ��� N2K� a&| %a�� �� �� k/C N <� 2��1/I' + �8e¼� ��CqX 9j�:: (63) f� �$�Q0� ��¶: ��� a&|' � �f^� �1/I �Y:2' $�$ ��� 9S:: �� VQ a,� ��D� 1� a&| 2$� D�� gf�� 2��1/I :�J ��Cª:: �� �� N2K+1� ��� a&|' � N� �1/I �� =R�� ��%Q�� d�� �� �&Kq �DQb 9S:: 2� 1&b-72& a&R-��% �Y:2' 1� ��#)4 �K&1� �� ?�0 g+�C:- �DQb %�<� �� ��+ 2� �� fCN )&R-���� N< ��¶ ��(: 9^ �M � �1/I�:: ��� N# ' � ���� �1/� �R&� �&K� �� fC�� 7D /_Yt� �R�¤1/ ��' : �d� : ���u- ��C� 1�I 9g:: �K&1� �� �Y:2' �n��;J ?� ���Cq :: �Y:2' VQ �� 2B ��� a&| �Ky Z, 9��m� ��� 1��:: V �Ky ��� �� �1/IJ N# /�6�� �x' ?� 9S/ �� ��< ��¶ �L:<� �a�C N �U���� �� a&| %a�� �a^ ne¡ ��<�CX ���Cq :: N� ��� N���= ��� �1/I d�� k/C )d: ��C<� q�� U��1 d�R�: f� &C� ���v: k/C �B %Z�' � �� N2K� a&| %a�� �& �e@� �RU��C� 9S:: NU fCN 2�� ��$=R �'N��<� �� +5¨ N< ��¶ �� N TI/J ?� d^Q �'%�3 2�$MN �55 �@ O'�:: ��� Z, 9��m� �Ky �1/IJ �x' N# ��{ ^� ��� �� zQ� 7D )d: ��C<� ��I{/ �&K� k/C f�� ��%Q' 9�� 2����Y �d2' 9S:: �T�: �� �� :� ? : �1 /�1� q�� U��1 �� �%$ mKC /=aI�' �$�Q0� ��¶/ %Z� 1�� O'� 9�:: N� �K&1�� 9S:: /�U�f N� �� &J� ��%Q��� �1/I �K&1�/:: �T�: �&�+ �¤1 �© %Z� �U� ��a'�� �� a&| %a�� �K&1� 2��B BA��� TI/J O'� 9�:- %�< 2���2�: �K&1u f� �B �� �B �'/ 2��1/I ���Cn 9S:: f�� ��I� :�R� � ��M%  N�/' �&�� 7I]�� �� a&| %a�� q�� U��1 fCN 7I"3� �&'� 1�I 9g:: Z, 9��m� �K&1u $ ¨CX R� ? : �$�$'^ V �Ky �RU�1/I �´� 9S:: f�� ��I� "X k/C %� (64) �,��;� �R�" R� q�� �R�¤1 $�1 ��/' .�x ���1 :: N�� =:� N���� wA /g �'2� N�/J U� n3� 1D' ���/S q'Zd N�?U� �TIY nz � �R�¤� �T�: a&| � \ 2�� ��J: -

Page 12: Eritrean Struggle for Democratic Change Section 7 (Menkae)

"a&| � \... �RU�{': 7� �JN �K&1� �RU�#.4 ... /�ABC�/ �v% q�� �_#-&X�: /q�� q�3�3: q�� D)��: q�� ?C�: q�� 2/,/" UD'� 9S! �T�:' � _Q�'� �We¡ ��Cq $�& 9S:: ��� a&| '� U@ ��{�' �JN �K&1� �� �.� �C BI� g�J :: #� n \ ��� q�� ��CX 1D': U���{�' ?YN �K&1� U��.� 9S 9Cf �d�� �� �´� �´<� 9S:: �� ��C<�� �JN � \ f� ¾3 VQ �D�� �$MN �K&1� ��#)4� =:� �We¼� ��CqX:: 1� 1D'' � �� �C �?/' �� WK9 ��� �P ���1 :: �� ��� ;J ? = \ �B� �7MN �@:: �U�f N� $ D�' � fCN �%=� ��D�I �C�<� �@:: �� )de ��%?Ad N+ �B f�� 7�� �%R 1D�� 9S:: 1D' ? ;J' � ��' � U@ =� � : U@�j �� �% ;1<� 4< �� ?�0 �+>J �µA0 2��1 ���'& :: �T�: q��! q�� !� %� ��I{/ $�T%�� N# �n \ $�� $ ?�� VQ 9S:: �rM8' �� �W/J N# #%� �� D U� �� �'2� 9S:: ��/� �E� W�x4� UR� q�<� N�2 /��B '�g :- q�3�3: ��aC D U� �� 'Nb U�� :� N� �1/I ���qK<� �� �7t: ��� 4< �� ;�� � \ ��8% �1/I 5?' N�� ��� �7>J �ABC� �We¼� ��CqX:: (65) D)��: ��� N# ' � �xZ D U� ��1/I : $ ?�� VQ ' + �'u� �rM8' �D�' 1�� 9^:: ?C�: %0 ;�� �� DI?': f� $³� VQ �=_?� �� 78N� U_#1�� 1D' (�+ N 2@: ��� N# ' � ;J $ D�<� � !� �7�.B�� VQ �>MS:- ���1 ' � � \ 2�%C&: ��� 4<<�' � 7� $ D�<�' � a�'t' + ��A9 1��:: �� �� N� ;J ? D:' N�$=Cf ?�� $¤'$S ��+ N��I{/ �|�:: 2/,: N� �$=Iu �´� �R�¤1 �v% aTI/J ��BC :: �� 2/, �'2Y �E�� � �� f� 2�<� D�Nf �7MN f� )de �'2� 9S:: f� 2�<� �7MN a,� a B� N�1� 2��7zJ : �v� : ��R� ��CqX:: ��� �E�� n�j� �/.RJ ?� �� )de ;�<� N <� 1�� 9Cf �%<� 7� �&Kq g|:: f�� ��I� �� 2/, UR� �E�� D U� $?d9 �9�� 7� f�� �Dd ���D�I@� ��C �, N ��.CS: 4< �R� ;1<� �CS �U'd' a W:W/J:: �� �8� /I�� �WK9 ���d ��df' "�JN ��{�' �D��@� N �d�+ ... />C �8� /I�� �WK9 ����<%v " ��J:: N� =² ��,q UI: ����f "'�S' `: �8� /I�� ��£` N �d¤� >� ��<%U" ��:C �K&1u 1� ��%Q'' � �=(�f �ABC� � Q' �)� 9S:: /I�� �1/£ ��%: /I�� �1/£ C�{ ��C� 2���: ���C�:- �C�C �e@� �� �� � \ _Q� �6e¼� �d�4� �a�N 9S N�/' ��� UR�j ;1<� q�� U��1 �A6� D� ��JX �We¼� ��C� 9j�::