erko lepa thorsten harder alexander faulstich

EWEA 2013 Europe´s premier Wind Energy event Wednesday, 6 February 2013, Vienna Electrical systems from torque to grid (ID 286 OC)

Erko Lepa Thorsten Harder Alexander [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Finland, Helsinki ABB Switzerland, Turgi ABB Switzerland,Turgi

Design and testing of a 7MW Wind turbine Medium voltage electricaldrivetrain with Medium speed permanent magnet synchronous generator

© ABB GroupApril 21, 2023 | Slide 2

Agenda

Evolution of wind turbine drives Main concepts of megawatt range wind turbines Benefits of Medium speed and voltage drivetrain Design of Medium speed and voltage drivetrain Back-to-back test


MS PMSG7 MW

HS DFIG1.5 MW LS PMSG

2 MWMS PMSG ...5 MW

HS PMSG2.5 MW

Evolution of wind turbine drivesEmerged serial production technologies

1900 1980 1983 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 2002 2003 2005 2010 2012 2013

HS PMSG5.7 MW

High Speed: - Squirrel cage ind.gen.- Direct online

High Speed- Doubly-fed ind.gen- LV converter

Medium Speed:- Permanent magnet- MV converters

Various types of multi-megawatt drivetrains(Offshore)

Low speed:- Electrical exit. syn.gen- Permanent magnets- LV converters

2001

Evo

luti

on

in w

ind

PCS 1000 2 MW PCS 6000

6 MWPCS 6000 10 MW


Main concepts of megawatt range wind turbinesMain drivetrain concepts

Low speed• Gearless DD• Turbine speed

Medium speed• e.g. 1- or 2-stage geared• 100 - 500 rpm

High speed• 3-stage geared• 1000 - 2000 rpm


Benefits of Medium speed and voltage drivetrainDrivetrain Efficiency = Gearbox * Generator * Converter * Transformer

DD with PM

DD with EE

MS with PM

MS with EE

HS concepts

P(V

)^3

Annual wind distribution


Benefits of Medium speed and voltage drivetrain

Medium voltage at multi-megawatt: Small currents: Low cabling effort,

lower losses Generator design easier: Easier to

manufacure, optimum terminal box Medium speed:

Compact solution Optimum speed, less wear

MV converters: Reduced number of components Robust and proven semiconductor

technology

Voltage, Rotation speed

Example of high current machine -> MAIN CONNECTION BOX


Design of Medium speed and voltage drivetrain

Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator

Output power: 7.35 MW Nominal speed: 400 rpm Nominal voltage: 3.3 kV Shaft height: 1120 mm V-type18 poles rotor Pole shoes made from steel Optimized magnet mass Optimized cogging torque and ripple IC86 cooling

Design of the Generator


Design of Medium speed and voltage drivetrain Design criterias of the MV Converter (PCS 6000)

Minimize Levelized cost of energy Lowest converter losses Highest availability (due to minimized

amount of components Lowest cabling costs/losses

Meet gird code requirements Quick customizable design

Proven components Flexible layout for customized

footprint


Design of Medium speed and voltage drivetrainCompleted


Back-to-back test

Efficiency of generator 98.2 % (nominal point) Temperature rise of generator in B class No demagnetizations occured during short-circuit test Vibrations analysed and met the expectations (worst case < 0.75 mm/s) Optimum switching frequency determined

Summary of key results

Test Setup


Back-to-back testStator yoke radial vibration at SF of 720 / 700 / 600 Hz

1mm/s

0.1mm/s

10mm/s

10um/s

400 Hz 600 Hz 800 Hz 1000 Hz200 Hz

720Hz / 700 Hz / 600 Hz

0 Hz


Conclusions

Medium voltage at high turbine power is better Medium speed concept with PMSG is compact solution Medium speed means less wear in drive train components Medium speed PMSG concept provide the best efficiency at nominal point


Time for Questions

Interesting links to check http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=clKaxJALU_4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l-w10GLvZBE http://www.youtube.com/watch?

feature=endscreen&v=6LL58mUe8Ek&NR=1

erko lepa thorsten harder alexander faulstich

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