erosion and deposition ccp · just another natural process… •erosion: the process that...
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Has This Happened To Your Yard?
Erosion and DepositionUnit Essential Questions:
How does the Earth recycle and renew its surface? How does society’s use of resources affect the quality of the environment? !
Presentation Objectives: § Define erosion and deposition. § Identify the four agents of erosion. § Explain how the agents of erosion move and deposit sediment. § Explain how living organisms contribute to erosion.
Just Another Natural Process…• Erosion: The process that transports Earth
materials from one place to another. – After rocks are broken down by the different
weathering agents, the remaining material is moved by the different erosion agents.
• After materials are eroded, they undergo deposition. – The sediments are placed down in a new
location.
Q1 WWGG• There are four major agents of erosion.
Q2
Wind Water Glaciers Gravity
• The confusion between weathering and erosion is that the agents of erosion also weather rock.
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Water: Streams and Rivers Q3
• To be considered an erosional agent, the water must be moving. – On the land, we have streams and rivers.
• Streams and rivers weather through abrasion.
What’s the Relationship?
• Faster water carries larger particles. – Faster water has
more energy!
• Faster water also carries more material.
Q4
Stream and River Erosion• Which will erode more: a river on a steep
slope or a river on a gradual slope?
A steeper river erodes more because the water moves faster!
Q5 Where does it all go?
• The first to be deposited will be… – The larger particles!
• There’s not enough energy to keep them moving.
• All rivers flow to the ocean. – When it arrives, the river’s speed decreases!
• When the river slows down, the amount of energy the water has decreases!
Deposition occurs!
Q6
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Sorted Sediment!
The farther away from the shoreline you go, the smaller the particles get!
Q7Going To The Beach!
• Ocean waves and tides weather the coastline by carving arches and cliffs.
Q8
• Coastal currents move material along coastlines. – Forms sandbars, barrier
islands, and hooks.
Natural Interference• Coastal erosion is a natural process that
can be altered by nature. – Severe storms like hurricanes can greatly
alter the shoreline.
Q9 Human Interference
• It can also be enhanced by human activities. – Jetties, breakwaters, etc. – Built to stop longshore drift.
Fixes and causes problems!
Q9
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Wind!
• Not many plants! – Hold the soil in place – Act as wind barriers to slow
the wind down.
Q10
Dominates in areas with low precipitation and high temperatures.
• Wind can weather and erode! – Weathering: Wind causes particles to scrape against
rock, which is known as abrasion. – Erosion: Wind picks up soil and moves it.
Deserts!
Three Options…
• Suspension - Particles are carried in the air.
• Saltation- Particles hop and bounce.
• Creep -Particles roll along the ground.
Q11
Small
Medium
Large
Glaciers!
• Glaciers weather rock by scraping it as they move. – Glaciers erode by
carrying lots of sediment and large boulders.
Q12
• A Glacier is a large moving mass of ice.
Impressive!
About 20,000 years ago, New England was covered by a glacier!
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Gravity!• Gravity is behind all of the
erosional agents. – Without gravity…
• Glaciers wouldn’t move. • Streams and rivers
wouldn’t flow.
Q13
• Some are slow… • Creep
• Some are sudden… • Landslides, mudflows,
and avalanches.
• Gravity is responsible for mass movements.
Don’t Forget Us!
• Animals erode the soil when they burrow into it.
WWGG always dominate!
Q14
• Humans directly and indirectly affect erosion. – Directly: Move soil for
development – Indirectly: Remove the plants
that hold the soil and act as wind barriers. Dust Bowl in the 1930’s!