ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC

SPACE TELESCOPES

(DREAMS AND DETAILS)

Dominic Doyle Optical Engineer

ESTEC

The Netherlands

@opto_domo

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My favourite telescope selfie!

ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC

WHY?

HOW?

WHAT?

Space Telescopes

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ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC

Space Telescopes – Why ? (1)

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ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC

Space Telescopes – Why ? (2)

Astronomy: Optics adapt to the whole sky Brent Ellerbroek and François Rigaut Nature 403, 25-26(6 January 2000) doi:10.1038/47369

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ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC

Space Telescopes – nice idea, but NEVER forget the details

http://hubblesite.org/the_telescope/nuts_.and._bolts/optics/ 5

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A DREAM + LOTS OF DETAILS = REALITY

Space Telescopes – How ?

Reality 2009 - 2013 3.5 m monolithic (Still largest optical space telescope to date)

The dream 1984 8 m Deployable mirror & sunshield

Herschel Space Telescope as example 6

ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC

Space Telescopes – How ?

Get approval! Design Build Test Launch Operate Dispose

This can take up to 30 years from first idea to completion of the mission ! Lots of patience, expertise* and determination are needed ! Let’s have a look some details to understand why ! * Technological, Scientific, Engineering, Financial, management, Administration and Political!

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ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC

Space Telescopes – How ?

Design Build Test Launch Operate Dispose

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ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC

Space Telescopes – How ?

Design Build Test Launch Operate Dispose From SiC powder

to a cryogenic 3.5 m diameter Telescope !

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Space Telescopes – How ?

Design Build Test Launch Operate Dispose

?

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ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC

Space Telescopes – How ?

Design Build Test Launch Operate Dispose

?

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ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC

Space Telescopes – How ?

Design Build Test Launch Operate Dispose

Theodo lite

WF S

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ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC

Space Telescopes – How ?

Design Build Test Launch Operate Dispose

Theodo lite

WF S

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ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC

Space Telescopes – How ?

Design Build Test Launch Operate Dispose

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ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC

Space Telescopes – How ?

Design Build Test Launch Operate Dispose

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Space Telescopes – How ?

Design Build Test Launch Operate Dispose

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Space Telescopes – How ?

Design Build Test Launch Operate Dispose

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ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC

Space Telescopes – How ?

Design Build Test Launch Operate Dispose

15:12 CEST 14 May 2009

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ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC

Space Telescopes – Where/Why ?

Design Build Test Launch Operate Dispose

Herschel (&Planck) Trajectory to L2 (L2 = Lagrange point #2) 1.5 million km anti-sunward NO repair capability !

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Space Telescopes – What is L2 ?

Design Build Test Launch Operate Dispose

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Sun

ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC

Space Telescopes – In focus ?

Design Build Test Launch Operate Dispose

Telescope WFE Predicted PSF* Observed PSF

Huge relief for entire team – telescope is in focus * PSF = Point Spread Function 21

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Space Telescopes – What ?

Design Build Test Launch Operate Dispose

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Space Telescopes – What ?

Design Build Test Launch Operate Dispose

5.4”

8.0”

12.2”

17”

24”

35”

Hubble Res. 0.05” (@500nm)

Field size 15’ Herschel FOV PACS 1.75 x 3.5’ SPIRE 4 x 8’ HIFI 11’’ to 44’’

Herschel Beam sizes on sky

PACS

SPIRE

HIFI

Hubble

PACS 60 - 210 µm Photo-detector Array Camera and Spectrometer

SPIRE 200 - 670 µm Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver

HIFI 157 – 625 µm Heterodyne Instrument for Far Infrared

Hubble (115nm - 1µm)

5.4”

8.0”

12.2”

17”

24”

35”

Herschel Beam sizes on sky

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1 Deg = 60 arc mins (’) 1 Arc min = 60 arc sec (”) e.g. Moon = 30’

ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC

Space Telescopes – What ?

Design Build Test Launch Operate Dispose http://herschel.esac.esa.int/TheUniverseExploredByHer

schel/HerschelTheMovie4noMusic.mp4 24

ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC

Space Telescopes – What ?

Design Build Test Launch Operate Dispose “Herschel planetary nebula survey (HerPlaNS). First detection of

OH+ in planetary nebulae,” by I. Aleman et al., and “Herschel spectral-mapping of the Helix Nebula (NGC 7293): extended CO photodissociation and OH+ emission,” by M. Etxaluze et al., are published in Volume 566, June 2014 Astronomy & Astrophysics. 25

ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC

Space Telescopes – What ?

Design Build Test Launch Operate Dispose

Kappa Coronae Borealis and its dust disc. 1.5 MSun @ 100 ly "Spatially Resolved Images of Dust Belt(s) Around the Planet-hosting Subgiant κ CrB", by A. Bonsor et al. Monthly Notices of the Royal

Astronomical Society, April 2013. http://sci.esa.int/jump.cfm?oid=51648

(distance 25 LY, 7.7 pc, 2x10^14 km) Thermal dust emission from destruction of 2000 comets per day.

Acke, B., et al., "Herschel Images of Fomalhaut – An extrasolar Kuiper Belt at the height of its dynamical activity", 2012, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 540, A125. DOI:10.1051/0004-6361/201118581

http://sci.esa.int/jump.cfm?oid=50252 26

ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC

Space Telescopes – How ?

Design Build Test Launch Operate Dispose

Herschel last command 17 June 2013 “Mission controllers sent the final command to the Herschel satellite today at 12:25 GMT (14:25 CEST), marking the end of operations for ESA’s hugely successful space observatory.

Total 23,500 hours of observing over 1447 days Very large no. of results published at a high rate

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Herschel was sent into a Heliocentric graveyard orbit. ~ 300Y to get back into vicinity of Earth. It’s now space debris!”

ICSO 2014 D.Doyle ESA-ESTEC

Space Telescopes – What’s next ?

GAIA … (Astrometry) launched 2013 JWST … (Hubble successor, Astrophysics) 2018 Euclid … (Dark energy) 2020 PLATO … (Exoplanets & stellar, 32 telescopes!) 2024 ATHENA … (X-Ray astrophysics) 2028 CHEOPS … (Exoplanet characterisation) 2017 20m deployable … ? 2035+

http://sci.esa.int/home/51459-missions/ 28

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Space Telescopes – What’s next ?

GAIA

JWST

20m deployable … ?

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Space Telescopes – What’s next ?

GAIA

JWST

20m deployable … ?

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“Telescope Origami challenge”

James Webb Space Telescope

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TALC – Thin Aperture Light Collector

Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference "Advanced Lightweight Structures and Reflector Antennas", 1 – 3 October 2014, Sheraton Metechi Palace Hotel, Tbilisi, Georgia 31

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Space Telescopes – Not easy & Always a huge team effort over many years!

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Space Telescopes – Herschel famous at last … spot the “deliberate” mistake?

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WHY … TO SEE BETTER, FASTER, FURTHER ETC! HOW … PATIENCE, EXCELLENCE, TEAM WORK AND GREAT ATTENTION TO DETAIL WHAT …MANY NEW DISCOVERIES, BETTER UNDERSTANDING AND MORE QUESTIONS FOR THE NEXT MISSION!

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION, FOR YOUR COMMITMENT TO BE HERE AND ENJOY THE REST OF THE EVENT BUT WAIT, THE ANSWER IS …

Space Telescopes - Recap

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AND THE ANSWER IS … 42 (OF COURSE)

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AND THE ANSWER IS … 42 (OF COURSE)

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BACKUP SLIDES

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THE HERSCHEL SPACECRAFT

Instruments inside the Cryostat

( - 253°C to -271°C) & Detectors cooled at 0.3°C

above the absolute zero ! (0.3K)

Sunshield and solar array

3.5 m Telescope

He II Cryostat

Service Module (20 °C)

7.2 m

4 m

Launch Mass ~ 3400 kg - Electrical Power ~ 1300 W 3 axis stabilisation

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THE HERSCHEL PAYLOAD MODULE AND ITS INSTRUMENTS

Herschel Scientific Instruments

• Three scientific instruments (HIFI, PACS, SPIRE)

• Each provided by Principal Investigators on

behalf of international consortia

• Focal Plane Units on top of the He tank

• State of the art detector technology

• Designed to cover observations in the infrared

(60 µm) to submillimetre (700 µm)

• Daily data production above 10 Gbit retrieved

within 3 hours daily link

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The Herschel Instruments

SPIRE

HIFI

PACS

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