esm of pesticide pops part 3
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Pesticides POPs waste from Inventory to
Elimination: Part 3 Environmental
Disposal of (pesticides) POPs waste
Stockholm Convention Regional training workshop on PCBs and POPs wastes
Kingston 2- 5 February 2009 John Vijgen
IHPA
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Updated Technical Guidelines on ESM of POPs
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SBC Training Manual: http://www.basel.int/meetings/sbc/workdoc/techdocs.htmlSee under Training manuals
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Stockholm Training Tool
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Dedicated Hazardous
Waste treatment Plants
Treatment strategies1
Local Treatment
Modern Cement Kilns
Small size alternative methods
2
Only in Exceptional
cases:
Specially designed Landfills
3
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Combustion ------ Non- combustion
SBC Training manual contains Fact Sheets of these technologies + Autoclave
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Overview technologies mentioned in guidelines:
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Pre-treatment
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Lets go to Training Tool Guideline I: Module CEnvironmentally sound disposal of POPs waste
Hazardous Waste incineration -- Alwin Booij
Cement kiln co-incineration
Alkali Metal Reduction Michael Müller
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BCD Technology description
Hydrogen DonorPCB (POP) (Hydrocarbon oil) Base
Biphenyl Salt Steam
ClyClx
+ R' - H + NaOH
Carbon
>320oC+ NaCl + H2O
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Mexico PCB plant
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Major BreakthroughSpolana Neratovice, Czech Republic
Big project, large amounts
Excellent period for technical optimization
Extremely difficult
Ideal project to eliminate all ”problematic” issues
Sufficient budget
Ideal to combine with thermal desorption
This is often lacking for alternative technologies
,
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BCD Pilot Plant - Spolana
Active carbon filter
Water cooled primary condensers Collection pots for condensate
BCD Reactor
Dumping tank
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Strenghts and Weaknesses Training Tool
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GCPR: Gase Phase Chemical Reduction
Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction (GPCR™)Reactor
GasScrubbing
System
Product Gas Compression and Storage
Water
AuxiliaryBurner
Gas
Liquid
Solid
Fuel for Front-end Systems
Recirculation Gas
Mixer
Hydrogen and Steam Preheater
Liquid Waste Injection
Gaseous Waste Injection
Thermal ReductionBatch Processor (TRBP)
Front-End Waste Feed Waste Destruction Output Recovery
Treated Solids
TreatedSolids
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Principal chemistry
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Drummed HCB waste placed inside of the SBV in Kwinana, Australia
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SBV used in Kwinana, Western Australia
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Kwinana plant Australia
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Strenghts and Weaknesses Training Tool
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12 CO12 CO22
Plasma Arc (Plascon)
PLASMAPLASMASPECIESSPECIES
FLIGHT TUBEFLIGHT TUBESPECIESSPECIES
DISCHARGEDISCHARGEPRODUCTSPRODUCTS
HEXACHLOROHEXACHLORO--BIPHENYLBIPHENYL
6 O6 O22
PyrolysisPyrolysis
12 C atoms12 C atoms12 O atoms12 O atoms
4 H atoms4 H atoms6 6 ClCl atomsatoms
12 CO12 CO
4 4 HClHCl + Cl+ Cl22
6 6 NaClNaCl5 H5 H22OO0.5 O0.5 O22
QuenchQuench6 6 NaOHNaOH
ThermalThermalOxidationOxidation
ClClCl
ClClClClClClClCl
ClClClClCl
DESTRUCTION OF TYPICAL PCB WASTE
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PLASCON- ODS Unit
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PCB FEED TANK
ARGON STORAGE TANK
OXYGEN STORAGE TANK
PLASMA COOLANT TANK
50% NaOH TANK
POWER SUPPLY DATA ACQUISITION &
PROCESS CONTROL
PACKED COLUMN
PROCESS GAS TO FLARE
IN FLIGHT PLASMA OVERVIEW
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Close up of torch
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PLASCON- ODS Unit
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Strenghts and Weaknesses Training Tool
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Specially engineered landfill Training Tool
Only when both irreversible transformation and destruction are not the environmentally preferable option
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How much obsolete Pesticides have been destroyed?Not yet updated
Obsolete pesticides: last 7-10 years
Incinerators in Europe 25-30 000 t
Alternative technologies 5 000 t
PCB’s:
Incinerators in Europe 100 -115 000 t
Alternative technologies 15 000 t
Chlorphenols Alt tech 7000 t
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Status on destruction
More than 75-90% of all pesticides are destroyed by the dedicated incinerators mainly in Europe
Major interest by international Cement industry to cut energy costs by co-incineration of waste and also POPs and pesticides in the future.
Cement industry will start competition with hazardous waste incinerators, as they can save money on production costs for cement by co-incineration of high energy waste
Alternative technologies: smaller part of market and work in specialised niches