ess 121 aquarium keeping joe shalini
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QU RIUM FISH
KEEPING ND
M INTEN NCE OF
QU RIUM
JOE SHALINI .S
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IntroductionAquarium: (Latin) aqua – water; arium – a place for relating to
• Hobby, pleasure, fun
Definition :
An Aquarium is a transparent tank or a bowl or an artificial pool where live
fishes and other aquatic animals are kept.
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History
SumeriansMore than 4,500 yrs – ponds & tanks
Roman Empire
Indoors - sea barbel
In 50 – glass panes
Ancient glass aquarium Glass aquarium of Romans
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Philip Henry Gosse – AQUARIUM
(The Aquarium: An Unveiling of the Wonders of the Deep
Sea,1854)
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The London Zoo Fish House at Regent's Park, circa 1857.
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TYPES OF FISH KEEPING SYSTEMS
FRESH WATERSALT WATER
BRACKISH WATER
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FRESHWATER
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FRESHWATER FISHES
Cichild Gold Guppy
Fighter Koi Silver Dollar
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SALTWATER
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MARINE FISHES
Angelfish Orchid Dotty Back
Clown Damsel Lion Fish
Puffer
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BRACKISH WATER
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BRACKISHWATER FISHES
Archer Monos Siamese Tiger
Bumble Bee Cichild Black Molly
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SETTING UP AN AQUARIUM
LOCATION AvoidSufficient place Direct sunlight (algal growth,over heating)
Electrical outlets Windows & doors (temp. Changes)
Best view Trafficked areas
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TANK SIZE
Volume of the tank = Length x Height x Depth x 0.00433
1 gallon = 3.78541178 liters
SMALL AQUARIUMS
Tank Size L x W x H Filled Weight 2 1/2 gallon 12" x 6" x 8“ 27 lbs15 gallon High 20"x 10”x 18“ 170 lbs
MID-SIZED AQUARIUMS
20 gallon High 24" x 12" x 16“ 225 lbs
40 gallon Long 48" x 12" x 16“ 455 lbs LARGE AQUARIUMS
50 gallon 36" x 18" x 19“ 600 lbs
180 Gallon 72" x 24" x 25“ 2100 lbs
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Stocking fish
• Note the adult size for stocking
• Amount of waste
• Swimming capacity
•
Aggressiveness• Comfortable with other fishes
Hatchet fish (leap high)
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WATER FOR AQUARIUM
Most importantRoutine water change
* maintains N2 cycle
* pH
* stress on fish
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ESSENTIAL EQUIPMENT FOR SETUP
AQUARIUM FILTERS
Remove physical & chemical waste
Simplify maintenance
Mechanical filtratin Chemical filtration
Biological filtration1.Intake
2.Mechanical filtration
3.Chemical filtration4.Biological filtration
5.Outflow to tank
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• Mechanical filtration
Remove large suspended particles
• Chemical filtrationRemove medications & heavy metal traces
First mechanical aquarium, 1908
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Aquarium Cycle
Nitrogen Cycle
Biological Filtration
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Biological Filtration
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Activated CarbonCeramic Ring Bio Ball
Lava Stone Filter Sponge Filter Mat
Filtration Materials
http://www.mozoo-china.com/images/filter%20mat.jpghttp://www.mozoo-china.com/images/bio%20sponge.jpghttp://www.mozoo-china.com/images/lava.jpghttp://www.mozoo-china.com/images/bio%20ball.jpghttp://www.mozoo-china.com/images/activated%20Carbon.jpghttp://www.mozoo-china.com/images/ceramic%20ring.jpg
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Types of Aquarium Filters
External filters Internal filters
Canister Airlift
Diatom Undergravel
Trickle
Algae
Baffle
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CANISTER FILTER DIATOM FILTER
Undergravel Filter System
BAFFLE FILTER
A i Li h i
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Aquarium Lighting
Used to illuminate tank
Replicate natural environment Day light & warmness
Plant growth
Bulb Types
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Bulb Types • Incandescent/Halogen
•
Normal Output (NO) Fluorescent
• High Output (HO) or Very High Output (VHO) Fluorescent
• Power Compact (PC) Fluorescent
• Metal Halide
• LED
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Heater & Thermometer
Check and maintain Temperature
Heater Thermometer
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Aquarium Substrates
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Decoration & Background
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Test Kits
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Test Kits
pHAmmonia
Nitrite
Nitrate
Oxygen
S i
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Settingup
Leak test (tank check)
Aquascape (arranging plants, rocks, stones,etc.,)
Install equipments
Water filling
(water→substrate→water→plants→water)
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Introducing fish
Turn off lights (reduce stress)
Add feed (reduce aggression)More than 1 fish at a time
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Fish food
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Fish foodSpecific food for specific fish
Protein, carbohydrates, vitamins
Worms
Shrimp
Beef
PoultrySpinach
Potato
Lettuce
Frozen food (reduce disease)
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MAINTENANCE OF AQUARIUM
•Healthier
•Long life
•Joy for hobbyist
•Ugly
•Short life
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Basics• Liquid nutrients (correct dosage)• Lightings (change every 6 months)
• CO2 (using test kits maintain CO2 -25-35ppm)
Biological Loading
• Tank capacity (rate of biological decay in proportion to tank
volume)• Tank size
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Water conditions
Purify
Salinity
pH
Chlorine
Natural water source (for large aquarium)
T t
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Temperature
Tropical Cold water25`C below room temp.
• Temp. Consistency
(sudden change cause shock and disease)
• Thermometer & heater
• Aeration (pumps, power heads, water flow)
Maintenance Equipments
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Maintenance Equipments
GRAVEL VACCUM SCRAPER NET
Remove excess water Remove algae from wall Move fishes
PUMP BRUSH SIPHON
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(either a sick one or a "newly acquired" one which needs to be closely observed for
some time)
Quarantine Tank
Means - place of isolation
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Lighting timers & Auto fish feeder
Auto fish feederLighting timers
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Daily
Temperature (themometer = heater’s thermostat)
Water level (check dissolved nutrients; fillevoporated water)
Unusual behaviour (loss of appetite, swimming pattern,rubbing) – (move to quarantine tank)
Dead fish (remove before decompose)
Weekly
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Weekly
Water change
Prepare replacement water
Add conditioner or dechlorinator
Leave to room temperature
Rinse equipments & materials in the tank
Leave fish in quarantine tank
Remove algae using scrubber
Discard dead organisms
Remove water using siphon
Add new water using siphon Add fish without disturbance
Monthly
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Monthly
• Replace filter cartriges
• Rinse all materials before water change
• Wash all equipments• Clean air stontes using boiling water then soak in vinegar for a day
• Record monthly maintenanceAir stone
T ice a ear
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Twice a year
•Replace bulbs
•Use gloves to remove metal halide bulb•Clean intake & outlet pipes
•Clean pumps & filters
•Lubricate moving materials
•Record biannual maintenance
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BASIC RULES
Not to over stock
Not to over feed
Do Frequent water changes
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World’s smallest Aquarium with live fish
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Aquariums Of India
•Kollam Aquarium, Kollam, Kerala
•Travancore Royal Aquarium, Shangumukham Beach,
Trivandrum,Kerala•Bangalore Aquarium, Bangalore
•Calcutta Aquarium, Calcutta
•Kankaria Aquarium, Ahmedabad •Lal Bagh Aquarium, Bangalore
•Marine Life Aquarium, Chennai
•Marine Biological Research Station, Ratnagiri
•Matsyadarsini Aquarium, Visakhapatnam
•Sanjay Gandhi jaivik udhan, Patna •Taraporewala Aquarium, Mumbai
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TOP 10 AQUARIUMS OF THE WORLD
10 A i f W t A t li
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10. Aquarium of Western Australia
9. Aquarium of Genoa
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9. Aquarium of Genoa
8 Sh h i O A i
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8. Shanghai Ocean Aquarium
7 uShaka Marine World
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7. uShaka Marine World
6 Monterey Bay Aquarium
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6. Monterey Bay Aquarium
5 Turkuazoo
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5. Turkuazoo
4 L'Oceanogràfic
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4. L Oceanogràfic
3 Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium
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3. Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium
2 D b i M ll A i
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2. Dubai Mall Aquarium
1 Georgia Aquarium
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1. Georgia Aquarium
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Conclusion
Soon fishes will be used to their environment
and become more active. They may even
recognize when you come close. That is thereward of fish keeping !
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THANK YOU