ESSAYS FOR BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

Unit 1: The managers job

1."Employees should show loyalty to their company by fully supporting the company's managers and policies, even when the employees believe that the managers and policies are misguided." Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your position with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.

Employee showing loyalty to their company by fully supporting the company's managers and policies, knowingly that policies and managers are misguided. I dont agree to the above statement as this might turn out to be a big negative for the company and employee.The key to retaining good employee is by maintaining the good atmosphere within the company by giving freedom of speech. And team within the company is like a family hence if anything is misguided in a family and it is to our knowledge that its happening. Then its our duty to take necessary steps against it before it is too late. But yes, at the same time we need to respect our managers and should put the suggestions politely. And its a responsibility of managers to maintain healthy relation within the team and encourage the team to be proactive and give suggestions for any improvement required.

According the survey conducted, on an average every year company spends 15% of there revenue in training employees on new upcoming technologies. Hence it becomes really more important for the company to retain employees and policies acts as a catalyst for the same. Policies are made for the goodwill of the employee. And if policies are misguided then management should be made aware for the same as they expect employee to come back to them. Employees are the best people to decide what they want and management will definitely try there best to get the same to them provided they are informed, as they want there employees.

In todays booming market, we all know there are many jobs. Even a small trigger in mind can make you look out for a change. It can be salary, company environment, bad relation with Manager, policies or any other reason. But most of the HR managers who take the exit interview of employee leaving the company says Employee leave the Manager not the company. In todays competitive world, companies are growing very fast. Hence it becomes really difficult for the company to decide what employee wants. Thus it becomes fairly more important for the Managers to encourage there employees to come up with any suggestions if required. And at the same time its a sole responsibility of employees to point our any issue whatsoever with policies or with Manager to the management so that they can take necessary steps.2. Do you agree or disagree with the statement Men make better managers than women ?

I have been pretty much amazed to read certain opinions which conclude with a sweeping statement "Women are better managers than Men".

I would say, Women are not given a fair chance in the corporate market due to a still existing orthodox feeling that Women can't survive in this tricky & confusing world which is absolutely wrong. We should come out of this traditional feeling of Men should do work & women should manage home. Women are good caretakers & have the natural ability of being careful & committed.

Conclusion :Women cannot be judge as being superior to men or vice-versa just because of certain natural abilities. Men can handle situations well where you need a "ROCK SOLID" heart & women can where it needs handling with sensitivity. So, both Men & women have their own merits & demerits in handling diversified roles of a Manager. Women or a Men who maintains the balance between their natural merits & demerits becomes a good manager. Becoming a Good manager is GENDER neutral & women should given equal opportunities & freedom both in corporate & personal life.Unit 2: International management and culture diversity

1. Differences between countries become less evident each year. Nowadays, all over the world people share the same advertising, brands, eating habits and TV channels. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages of these fashions?

It is true that many aspects of culture are becoming increasingly similar throughout the world. Although this trend has some benefits, I would argue that there are more drawbacks.

On the one hand, the globalization of fashion, brands, eating habits and other areas of culture has some benefits. Firstly, it increases the knowledge and information about other cultures. Our understanding of other people and cultures therefore increases. Secondly, the globe has become a global village, thanks to technology like the internet and satellites which brought this world so close. Thirdly, we get the best aspects of different cultures like best foods and products are sold all over the world. As a result, people have more choices ever than before. Finally, it would be much cheaper and more efficient for countries to have a unique identity.

On the other hand, I believe that the disadvantages of cultural globalization are even ore significant. Firstly, sometimes we get the worst aspects of certain culture such as junk or fast food which is not good for health. Secondly, traditional customs, clothing etc. might disappear due to the influence of foreign culture. If a culture disappears, the whole way of life will disappear with it and we will lose the rich cultural diversity which makes societies more interesting. Finally, People are wearing almost same clothes all over the world. As a consequence, few brands like Nike, Addidas are occupying the big market. Unemployment and gap between different nations economy will therefore increase in some way.

In conclusion, it seems to me that the drawbacks of globalization, in terms of cultural habits such as clothes we wear or the foods we eat, do outweigh the benefits.

2. Some people believe that visitors to other countries should follow local customs and behavior. Others disagree and think that the host country should welcome culture differences. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion

As life has improved day by day, people tend to travel more frequently now than in the past. It is argued that visitors to other countries should follow the host countries' traditions and behavior. However, there is an opposite idea saying that the host country should welcome culture differences. This essay will take a closer look at the issue.

Nowadays, not only do people consider travelling as a chance to relax but they also think it is a way to self-improve. It will be a great opportunity to try new things such as traditional cuisine, music, custom. In my country, I have seen many visitors being very excited and surprised when they tasted our food or when they wore Aodai. If you travel to other countries just to view landscapes, you will obviously waste a perfect chance for learning new things.

However, there are various aspects against this argument. Some people think that it is really hard for travellers to follow local customs and behaviour because they are totally different and they may not be able to adapt to the traditions. If visitors are welcomed despite all the differences, they will feel comfortable and may travel to that country again. Besides, it is also very beneficial for the local people to experience new culture in their home countries. Consequently, the host country should greet culture differences. Almost all people in my country find it very exciting when they have a foreign guest. They can also accept the differences easily.

Personally, it is always good to have more experiences, even for the visitors or the local people. Moreover, it is not very frustrated to try new things or to accept new things. What important is the knowledge you get and the feelings you have been through. Therefore, visitors to other countries should try to follow local customs and behavior and the host countries should welcome culture differences as well.

Unit 3: Ethics and CSR

1. The most effective way for a businessperson to maximize profits over a long period of time is to follow the highest standards of ethics. Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading..

The argument above states that in order to maximize his profits over a long period of time , a businessman needs to stick to the highest standards of ethics . I agree to the opinion stated above to an extent. However , I think that there are many other factors that determine ones profits. To begin with , ethics decide what is morally right and what is morally wrong , and I believe that it is very important for any businessman to know the ethics in order to run his business. Following standard ethics can earn a businessman a solid foothold in volatile market . For example maintaining quality of a product , keeping price of the product reasonable, and providing good customer service in times of tough competition from his rivals are some of the factors that help a businessman garner new consumers while retaining the old ones. Also , Market surveys help in finding the demands and expectations of people , and thus help businessman to know which areas he need to work upon in order to maximize his profits.

2. The goal of business should not be to make as big a profit as possible. Instead, business should also concern itself with the well-being of the public. Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion expressed above. Support your point of view with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.

The opinion that the goal of business should not be to make as big as a profit as possible, but also be concerned about the well-being of the public sounds too idealistic. A company as big as Johnson and Johnson can concern itself with the well-being of the public but asking the same of a business as small as the neighbourhood restaurant would be too much.

Once a restaurant owner myself, I can say that keeping the business afloat itself was like carrying a huge load on my shoulders and trying to swim against the waves. Each day a new problem would arise. The failing economy didn't help either. There was no way I could think of doing public service when I had to work hard day and night to keep my business running.

Johnson and Johnson is a household name internationally. Its concern for the well-being of the planet and its people is also one of its biggest marketing strategy. By working for the people, it is in turn able to get more people to buy its products.

The dollar amount spent on the well-being of the people dont cause a dent in the annual profits of Johnson and Johnson At the same time, even a small amount spent on the well-being of the people causes a big difference for a small business.

In conclusion, I would say that the idea that businesses should not be just about profit but also the well-being of the public is very optimistic but at the same time impractical. Each business has to be viewed individually and not generalized as one entity and expected to do as the other business does.

3. Organizations have to be much profit oriented than being socially responsible, especially during an economic depression. Do you agree or disagree? Discuss. Unit 4: Essential of planning

1. Some people consider thinking about and planning for the future to be a waste of time. They argue that people should simply live in the moment. Do you agree or disagree? Use at least one personal example in your response.

To live in present and to plan future has been one of oldest ideology of people since ages. On the other hand the modern trend teaches people to enjoy present without worrying about future. Both the life styles have their own merits and demerits. However I believe thinking about future and planning it in advance is quite more preferable. Let me elaborate in details with some of my personal evidences.

To start with, a life without an ambition is a ship without rudder. Thinking about future gives one a vision which provides a way to reach his goal. Planning for future provides a chance to achieve anything more easily and safely. To illustrate simply I can give an example of my own education, I wanted to be an IAS officer, which requires great deal of general knowledge and good health to clear the entrance exam of this post. So I started to gather information about this and started preparation for the same and finally recently I cleared the written exam of IAs. Hence, I succeeded easily only because; I have started to think about it in advance since my 10th standard. If I were to start the preparation on last night, I would not have been succeeded. Thus for every student it is essential to decide their future way and to plan about it as early as possible. And this is true not only in students case but everywhere in todays era. For every businessman, sportsman, politician, army man, employer or employee planning in advance gives more chances to success and to remove obstacles from the way of ones goal.

In addition, I differ from those who consider advance planning a waste of time as in my every day to day routine I have observed only my advance preparation has saved my lots of time; in contrast last minute preparation cause more hassles and makes me to spoil more time. For instance, our every appointment, interviews, lectures or any important meeting cannot be possibly arranged without prior panning. Even the planning for the life after retirement, in ones young age, only helps him in old age days. Likewise, planning about future makes one ready to face any kind of upcoming changes or crisis in their lives, may it be either financial or emotional.

Moreover planning about future and worrying about it are two different things. So, those who consider planning as a worrying and a waste of enjoyment in life, are not true. Obviously, one must not waste his precious moments of this beautiful life just in anxiety of future but yes one must have to be ready to fight against anything in advance.

In brief, People ought to commit some of the precious time from their present for their future. Which in turn will be helpful not only to shape their career, to meet their professional plans or to achieve their targets but also to make their future more secure, safer and convenient or to shape it as their own wishes.

Unit 5: Problem solving and decision making

1. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? A person should never make an important decision alone. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer

A person should never make an important decision alone. Important decisions should be wellthought out. People who know you well, know what is best for you. People close to you can giveyou good advice, give you a different perspective, or share their own experience.

When I had difficulty deciding which classes to take in college, I talked to my teachers andadvisors. They had the knowledge and expertise to help me determine which classes were the bestones to take for my future career. Without their advice, I might have chosen unsuitable courses.

In college, I had convinced myself that I was not good enough to act in the school play. Therefore,I decided not to audition even though drama had always been my passion. The day of theauditions, a friend of mine asked me why I wasn't auditioning.

When I told her I didn't feel I was good enough, she was shocked. She was able to provide mewith another perspective on my talents and myself. I rethought my decision and tried out andgot a lead in the play.

Last year when I was trying to decide whether or not I should study overseas, I talked to myfriend. This was the best thing I could have done. This was a big decision for me because I hadnever been overseas on my own and I wasn't sure I could do it. She had studied overseas theprevious year. She told me about the challenges and opportunities I might encounter and helpedme make the right decision. I went and it was amazing!

Whenever I am faced with an important decision, I seek advice from others so that I am wellinformed and have the benefit of their perspective and experience.

2. Decisions can be made quickly, or they can be made after careful thought. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: The decisions that people make quickly are always wrong. Use reasons and specific examples to support your opinionDecision making always dependents on individual personality, some people make the decisions quick and some take longer time to decide. Most people don't know the profound effect of decision making. Every single decision we make in our days shapes our current reality. It shapes who we are as a person because we usually follow through with the decisions we make without even realizing it. In my point of view, decisions are made carefully rather quickly.

First of all, there are some important decisions, which takes longer time because it may change one's life forever. Before making a decision, one should understand the what a decision does. For instance, when a person picks a cigarette to smoke, that decision might result in picking one more after few mins. And at the end of the day the person won't even realize that the person have gone through a packet without knowing it. So, by distracting or making a strong decision not to pick a cigarette will definitely changes the person's life.

In addition, sometimes sharing the decision to family, friends or close one's will get better results. There is somethings about telling other people what we are going to do that makes us follow through. For example, i had to choose between few interests i had to study in future, so i discussed with my family and friends took advice, which helped me to make my decision correct, even though it was a slow process. In contrast, my friend was in same situation as myself, because of her quick decision she couldn't follow her dreams. We may make mistakes be taking quick decisions.

Furthermore, every good and bad experiences teaches us lot of things, even we learn from our past decisions. We take too much time to decide because we are afraid of what's doing to happen that too when bad experiences happen. It always better to plan, deep analysis, pron and corns before deciding. This seems to be time consuming but it is better then failure.

In conclusion, decision should be made with careful thought because it a life changing things. Always it good to share with people about the decisions and take the advice for better results. We often learn from past decisions which makes us strong on confident to not to repeat bad things.

3. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: parents should make important decision for their (15-18 yrs) teenage children? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.

During the years of adolescence, all the decisions for the children are being made by their parents. In some families this tendency still takes place as the children are growing and becoming more mature. I strongly believe that starting with 15-16 years old, teenagers must start making important decisions up to their own discretion. Doing that, teenagers will become more independent, increase self-confidence and prevent themselves from unintentional mistakes their parents could made.

First of all, sooner or later child will be in situations when he must do his own choice. Seventeen years old is exactly the age when teenagers are applying for the college and, therefore, have to leave their home and live away from their families. If one was always told what to do by his parents, either do the homework or go to bed, he would not be able to make such basic decisions alone. Not to mention living for months, studying and providing himself with the sustenance. Following directions of his parents hi still be callow even in 20 and 25. Therefore, making their own decisions in the early stages of teenage years will give children necessary experience, indispensable for living alone.

Secondly, observations of your own successful decisions will increase self-confidence in personality of the child. Such positive experience will make teenagers believe in themselves and act decisively in the future. One of my friends, Matt, being seventeen years old juvenile, fortuitously won substantial sum of money in lottery. Despite his parents wanted him to put these money on the bank account, they ultimately decided to let Matt to make his own choice how to spend it. Matt has bought a stock which hat tripled in the half of year. It was the right decision which Matt did by himself. Ever since he never hesitate how he should spend money and never need any advice of anybody else. Matt became mature independent man. Therefore, making their own decision, children strengthen confidence in themselves.

Finally, parents, trying to help to their teenage children by advices sometimes unintentionally making decisions that are inherently wrong. When I was a teenager and just finished my study in the high school, me and my classmates had to choose which major to go on in the college. I knew in the first place that I adored math and was going to get degree in this field. In contrast, many of my classmates did not know who they wanted to be. Their parents have chosen for them "appropriate" programs that, as they considered, would best fit for their children. After seven years it turned out that many of my classmates eventually had to change their major, because it was not exactly what they would like to study. Opposite, now I am finishing my Ph.D. in math. If my classmates made they own choice which school and program to apply for, probably, they would not go in the wrong way in the very beginning. Hence, decisions, being made by parents are not necessarily the best ones for their teenagers who can come up with more effective solutions.

Summarizing, I adhere to the opinion, that in age of 15-18 years old, teenagers can and ought to act up to their own discretion making important decisions by themselves. Indeed, it teaches them how to be independent, increases their self-confidence and protects them from possible mistakes of their parents

Unit 6: Organization structure, culture and change

1. Corporations and other businesses should try to eliminate the many ranks and salary grades that classify employees according to their experience and expertise. A flat organizational structure is more likely to encourage collegiality and cooperation among employees. Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading+ The speaker here claims that a flat organizational structure is more likely to encourage collegiality among employees. I disagree with the statement. In support of my position, I would like to present following aspects that constitute to an organizational operating.

First, this statement ignores our daily experience in workplace. When there is dispute among coworkers, there should be a clear figure to take authority and to make final decision. If not, disagreement will go unresolved and the congeniality is discouraged.

Second, under a flat system, workers have little enticement, if any, to improve their performance and bear responsibility for their assigned tasks. In fact, a flat system might actually discourage productivity and efficiency because workers are not responsible for the quality or quantity of their work.

In sum, I disagree the opinion that a "flat" organizational structure is more likely to promote collegiality and cooperation among employees because it breaks the common sense about how people work and it discourage the cooperation among employees.

+ Introducing a flat organizational structure in corporations and other businesses may not be the right option for the development of not only the company but also the world. It needs further analysis before coming to a conclusion that flat structure can only encourage collegiality and cooperation among employees.

Firstly, ranks and salary grades encourage people to work hard and be more innovative and creative in improving the areas on which they work on. It encourages people for a fair competition where everyone tries to outdo themselves every day, unleashing a new energy at their workplaces. The same notion can also be extended to a team of people where they try to outsmart other teams. Eventually, it leads to a healthy and competitive business environment where achievements are well recognized and awarded, enhancing the quality of the products of the corporations.

Secondly, ranks and salary grades gives a clear picture of ones achievements and responsibilities. Its a known fact that people love to project themselves and be in a limelight. Ranks and salary grades help individuals and teams achieve such a status within an organization with their sheer projection of capabilities. For example,Infosysis projected as a well known company due to its strong ethical business culture followed by its top level management led by its founder,Narayana Murthy.

Lastly, experience and expertise give people, the chance to lead the organization in their specific field of expertise, in future. It projects the future leaders for the corporations and businesses. It clearly shows the fat from the milk who can lead the organization through its tough time with his/her leadership. Imagine a company whose CEO dies suddenly and it cannot find a suitable person to replace him within the company. Anyone replacing him CEO post from outside, usually, takes time to understand the work culture and environment of the new company, before he can become a responsible CEO.

Hence, it is necessary that corporations should continue to encourage ranks and salary grades based on expertise and experience instead of promoting a flat structure. At the same time, corporations should ensure that everyone gets a fair share to showcase their talents and innovations, necessary for the development of the new and better products for the businesses, with its policies and guidelines.

2. All groups and organizations should function as teams in which everyone makes decisions and shares responsibilities and duties. Giving one person central authority and responsibility for a project or task is not an effective way to get work done. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the opinion expressed above? Support your views with reasons and/or specific examples drawn from your own work or school experiences, your observations, or your reading.

Some people argue that it is not an effective way to give one person central authority and responsibility to get work done. Rather, all groups and organizations should function as teams where everyone makes decisions and shares responsibilities. Although it is true that doing things in team-based environment creates a cooperation spirit which is a powerful motivator for the workers of the company, I still believe that there should be someone who makes decision and share duties.

First, a group cannot make decisions. Everyone in a group can bring out suggestions, pros and cons, but only one person can make the final decision and bear the major responsibility for a project or task. This brings my second point that responsibility has to be personal to mean something. Group responsibility means nothing. Another point is that a required step in any large project is to divide the project into smaller parts and to assign them to the team members. Naturally, only a chief person can do that.

Second, most people agree that they are motivated when they are assigned to authorize and bear responsibility for a project or task. If the responsibility is handled by a single individual, there is a high degree of accountability because that person is completely responsible for his actions. Furthermore, projects that require quick response time and intuition should be done by individuals. In this case, there is no time to call a meeting and come to a group discussion on what to do next.

In conclusion, although team work is a necessity in any organization, it is best when it is done in the presences of several decision making executives, whom will make the decisions, after consulting with their teams, assign tasks, and carry the responsibility.3. Organizations should be structured in a clear hierarchy in which the people at each level, from top to bottom, are held accountable for completing a particular component of the work. Any other organizational structure goes against human nature and will ultimately prove fruitless. Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion expressed above. Support your point of view with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.

The author mentions that the best possible organizational structure is heirarchial in nature. The reasoning provided is that the structure is parallel to the basic human nature. I agree with the statement. There are two main reasons for my viewpoint

Firstly, the hierarchial system is highly efficient. This is because in such a system, the roles at each level are pre-defined. A person at a particular level is expected to perform upto a specific criteria only. This helps the employee to focus on this specific criteria and improve his performance in that role only. For example, in software industry, an entry level engineer is expected only to write code based on the design provided to him. He is not expected to design the system, which infact is the role of the senior engineer who is one level above in the heirarchy.

Secondly, without a heirarchy based structure, all people in an organization are at same level. This does not match with the basic understanding that different people perform differently. In a heirarchial system, it is easy to differentiate a person performing excellently in his role by moving him to a role upwards in the structure. Also, this serves as a motivation for the employee to work efficiently contributing to the growth of organization.

Some might argue that the heirarchial nature of the structure increases gaps between employees. However, it is important to note that such difference in level creates efficiency and harmony amongst the employees. This is because each person at a particular level in hierarchy understands what is exactly expected from him. This definition of role makes the work easy and harmonious.

In sum, i agree that the heirarchy based structure is best for organisations. It leads to efficient performance and harmonious culture in the organization.

4. Telecommuting' refers to workers doing their jobs from home for part of each week and communicating with their office using computer technology. Telecommuting is growing in many countries and is expected to be common for most office workers in the coming decades. How do you think society will be affected by the growth of telecommutingIt is true that telecommuting has become a trend in many countries in that it provides eases for most office employees. According to this phenomenon, I think there will be both positive and negative impacts initiated from telecommuting.

To begin, this new method of working serve eases and therefore also contribute to further indirect positive effects. The main advantage of telecommuting is that it allows workers to accomplish works from various places such as their home, library, or even cafe, and then communicate them to their office with computer technology aid. This advanced working style indirectly brings some positive effects. First, by working in such comfortable places, the employees will be more creative and therefore be able to accomplish many more works effectively and efficiently. Seconds later, with less commuting activity, individual or company can save money allocated as transportation cost. It will be very useful for such company with low capital.

However, telecommuting like the other innovation in technology also has drawback and weakness. Obviously, this method, also the user, highly depends on computer as a media to communicate between workers and their office, which means that telecommuting is in danger of computer virus and hacking. In addition, it also can decrease the interpersonal skill of a worker due to a low frequency of face-to-face meeting among office staffs. Morever, bosses has less control to their staff accomplishment personally.

In conclusion, the development of telecommuting will affect society both in positive and negative ways. People should know how to use it properly.

Unit 7: Staffing and HR management

1. As most people spend a major part of their adult life at work, job satisfaction is an important element of individual wellbeing. What factors contribute to job satisfaction? How realistic is the expectation of job satisfaction for all workers?

No one can deny that most people spent the major part of their adult life at workplace and job satisfaction can play an important role at individual wellbeing. Many factors, such as a fair salary, good relationship with colleagues, and career options, can be important elements to job satisfaction. Despite this, I believe that some people end up working ultimately for a living.

Employers get job satisfaction in a number of ways, which includes receiving a good salary, be part of a high-level work-team, and even eventually become a manager. I believe that people should desire the best career possible for themselves and work as hard as possible to achieve this. For instance, my brother has been working for the biggest company in Brazil since he graduated. The company gives him the opportunity to develop his abilities in a high-level as well as pay him a salary above the average. He works in a team where everyone have a deeply knowledge of the subject they work with and they are a strong team. Eventually, he may become a manager at there or in another company. It may not be the situation of everybody.

However, it is difficult to imagine a world in which everyone is truly satisfied with their job. Most people work for a living, and they would probably not choose to spend eight or more hours each day doing their job if they did not need the money. When I lived in London, for example, I worked given away free newspaper in order to pay for my studies and my international experience. If I had money, I would not have worked as much as I did. In fact I would argue that the majority of people dislike or are unhappy their salaries, working hours, workload, or their bosses.

In conclusion, even though it is unlikely that all workers do feel happy in their work, I believe that every person should try their best to find the best job that would fit their expectations.

2. In some countries, it is illegal for companies to reject job applicant for their age. Is this a positive or negative development?

Due to an introduction of an industry revolution,it became beneficial to the many people getting selecting for jobs.But depending upon their skills companies are selecting the members. This essay will discuss the pros and cons and give practical solutions.

Firstly,the education system has become result oriented.They are stressing for the students to study their subjects but they are not introducing any subjects like communication and interpersonal skills. Though the person who is qualified in written test but unable to face in an interview. So,they got rejected because company will see some requirements from the job applicants and that should be satisfied. My friend who has completed her engineering with distinct class . There was a campus recruitment in the college. She applied for many companies though she got selected in written test but she got rejected in interview because due to lack of these skills.

Secondly,most of the companies look for experienced persons in their fields.These are not giving encourage for the fresher's. In order to enhance their company growth they prefer these experienced persons and which finally effects fresher's carrer. My uncle's daughter who had a company she prefer only experienced candidates in order to improve their company growth. Many people does not get jobs and effects their career which also increase in inflation.

Moreover,if the company is in recession period they will not hire any people even though they had satisfied job requirements. The company should maintain in a balance way and take necessary steps in order to prevent recession.

According to my view,even though the people had technical knowledge they are unable to perform some skills which is necessary for a job. So,they should develop these skills The company should give an equal opportunity even to the fresher's. Then each and every individual will work and enhance company growth and have a lucrative career.

In conclusion,it is the responsibility of the education system to introduce subject like communication skills and government should make the subjects compulsory in all institutions. Even government should encourage companies to take fresh candidates. In this way,our country will prosper and progress in a better way

3. Job security and salary should be based on employee performance, not on years of service. Rewarding employees primarily for years of service discourages people from maintaining consistently high levels of productivity. Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading

The question at hand is whether job security and salary should be decided by the employee performance or by the years of service. The speaker supports employee performance. Though in some labor-intensive businesses where individual performances can not be compared, giving priority to number of years on service may be justified, but in most of the cases I support speaker's viewpoint.

TO begin with, I agree with the speaker in his assertion that if an employee is awarded based on the length of his tenure with the company, he can easily loose the focus on their respective jobs, therefore reducing the overall productivity of company. It can not be argued that financial incentives is a crucial factor in motivate people to perform better.

Moreover, another pitfall of the policy to decide one's salary by number of service years is that bright and more efficient employees can easily get discouraged. If one were to know the fact that a less efficient co-worker with same number of years of service behind him, is going to be rewarded in same as he would, one can loose the motivation to do one's best. One good example supporting this concept is the fact that most of the companies these days offer stock options to attract the best talent in industry. Knowing that their performance will decide the company's future, and eventually their financial benefits, people do prefer stock options compared to other perks of the job.

In conclusion, I agree with the speaker that the decision of job security and wages for an employee should be evaluated based on his performance, and not by the number of years on job. If the policy is not followed, most of the employees will certainly loose the motivation to perform better.

4. Companies benefit when they discourage employees from working extra hours or taking work home. When employees spend their leisure time without producing something for the job, they will be more focused and effective when they return to work. Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion expressed above. Support your point of view with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.

The progress of any company lies in the hands of the employees.It in the end it is their work that matters,nothing else.In order to keep a healthy environment,employees should be discouraged from working extra hours or taking work home.The speaker states that they will be more focussed on work when employees spend their leisure time without producing something for the job.Though there a pros and cons for this issue,I would agree with the speaker on discouraging employees from working extra hours.

For any person,health comes first.There is a saying "Health is Wealth".When a person is not in good health he cannot do any work.So companies must ensure that their employees stay healthy.Any organization will rise when they maintain a healthy environment at work.This helps the people working there to do their job efficiently.Working extra hours or taking work home is not advisable.They work for the whole day.Without taking rest if he continues to work in the same way,it can affect his health.These days many people working under stress conditions are complaining about cardiac problems.All this can be avoided when one does things appropriately and at correct time.

Furthermore,this type of work culture can affect the personal life also.When an employee has no time to spend with his family and works all the time,it will not only affect him but also his spouse and children.When am employee spends his leisure time with his family or on some activities other than work he can work more effectively when he returns to the work.For example,these days the software industry is on the top employing many people.These companies require their staff to work extra hours to remain competitive in the market.They are not looking into the long term effects of such acts.They are just concerned about their present benefits and growth of their organization.

On the contrary,some people might argue that the concept of working from home has made the work of the employees more flexible.Of course this is possible only in software industry.No other type of business can allow people to work from home.Most people agree that When one is working from home,he can spend time with his family also.But this cannot be true because when a person is working,he cant do any other activity.Thus,firms should not encourage this kind of work culture in their offices.

In conclusion,considering all the above points it can be said that the disadvantages overweigh the advantages.So in my view when a company discourages its employees from working extra hours and taking work home the organization will benefit.It not only helps increase their workers productivity but also helps them to remain in good health.

5. Companies should not try to improve employees performance by giving incentives, for example, awards or gifts. These incentives encourage negative kinds of behavior instead of encouraging a genuine interest in doing the work well. Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading

I disagree with the statement that companies should not try to improve employees performance by giving incentives. Nowadays, incentive plays an important factor in employees work choices. Incentives encourage people to go toward their goal and work harder to get higher reward.

As incentive can be regarded as a motivation for people to work harder than they do, the companies should maintain it. After putting lots of efforts and works on job, everyone feels that he or she deserves a reward from the companys success. For example, bonus is considered as a good method to give out incentive and many evaluation methods have been adopted. Companies are currently applying the balance score card method in order to evaluate the performance of each worker. The system of balance score card works by each workers setting up goals to improve his or her working process at the beginning of the year and the head of each department will evaluate the performance at the end of the year to calculate the bonus payment. By this method, department heads are capable of keeping track of the improvement of each worker. The workers also know the standard they have to meet and the reward for outperforming the job, so they work harder to get to the higher level of evaluation and getting more reward. Another example is the commission given to insurance salesperson. AIA assures its sales representative forty percents of the premium charged to customers on the first year of the contract and guarantees ten percents of the premium charged each year that customer continues paying the premium. This encourages sales representatives who want to make more money put more effort in finding customers.

In my opinion, incentives still play an important role in the world labor market. It makes workers feel that they are a part of the companys success and receive reward from the hard work they have done for the company. At the present, some workers even choose jobs by looking at all incentives companies offer. Those are why companies should maintain incentives system.

Unit 8: leadership

1. What are some important qualities of a good leader? Use specific details and examples to support your answer.)

The concept of leadership has always elicited a hot debate. Leadership is a subjective term, for there are some leadership qualities that may be beneficial in one situation, but harmful in others. Thus, there is no universal instrument of measuring the qualities of a great leader. Having said that, there are some qualities that are fairly common among leaders in all spheres of life. These qualities dont usually come under dispute, and people universally agree to their effectiveness in defining a great leader.

The most important quality that a good leader must possess is the ability to lead. Being a leader means managing groups of people small and large. In order to properly lead the people, a leader should be self-confident. He/she must have the guts to inspire the people to blindly follow him/her, to do whatever is expected of them. If a leader should falter in self-confidence or allow even a shadow of doubt to cross his/her face, that will mean certain panic for the followers. For example, the great revolutions of Alexander the Great or Napoleon Bonaparte wouldnt have been successful if these people were riddled with self-doubt. They were so determined in their objectives that they didnt allow any problem to sway them.

In addition to self-confidence, a leader should possess democratic tendencies. He should be prepared to listen to what his followers have to say. This goes for both governments and organizations. If a project manager is not prepared to listen to the findings and opinions of a member of his team, it wouldnt be possible for him to fully appraise the situation. Similarly, in a government, a leader should be prepared to listen to the opinions of his/her people and the cabinet. Without this quality, a leader is likely to fall prey to the insidious disease of autocracy, which would quickly swallow any sense of democracy in a nation, and propel it into becoming a dictatorship, and no matter what the statistics say, the majority of dictatorships have a very grim future.

Charisma is a another quality that a leader must possess. Charisma is what burgeons the popularity of a leader, and makes him likable to the masses. The same goes for organizations. Unless the leader possesses a certain charisma, the workers in the organization will be reluctant to follow his/her lead. They will begin questioning his motives, and while some degree of questioning is healthy for any organization, a full-scale riot or strike often has devastating consequences. For example, although Joseph Stalin was a ruthless dictator, he did possess a certain charisma that led the people to blindly follow him. John F. Kennedy, the assassinated President of the United States, also possessed similar qualities that wooed the masses to no end. If a leader has charisma, the public will most certainly like him/her.

Thus, while it is said that there is given measure of what constitutes a good leadership, the qualities discussed above most certainly lend a great degree of substance to the argument of what a leader should possess. The right amount of self-confidence, charisma, and democratic beliefs can create the most astonishing leader. History is proof of that.

2. For a leader there is nothing more difficult, and therefore more important, than to be able to make decisions. Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion expressed above. Support your point of view with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.

What is the most important and the most difficult task for a leader? The speaker asserts that for a leader, nothing is more difficult, and thus more important than decision making. I agree with the speaker that making decisions is the most important and the most difficult task for a leader, because virtually everything a leader does involves decision making.

The most important thing for a leader is the ability to make sound decisions. In fact, everything a leader does essentially involves decision making. For example, when a leader assigns tasks to other members of the team or the organization, he or she has to decide what tasks should be allocated to each member so that the team or the organization can achieve its objective in the most efficient way; when a leader finds that the performance of some members in the team or the organization is unsatisfactory, he or she needs to decide how to stimulate them to improve their performance without undermining their confidence.

Second, decision making is also the most difficult task for a leader. Making sound decisions demands a leader to possess a variety of personal capabilities and to make a great deal of efforts. For instance When a leader assigns tasks to members of the team, he or she needs to have the ability to judge the capabilities and drawbacks of each member, to judge the nature of each task, and to clearly inform all the members what they are expected to achieve. He or she also needs to spend time with the members to get a deeper understanding of their personal characteristics, and to devote time to analyzing the requirements of completing each task.

Admittedly, to be a successful leader requires far more than the ability to make sound decisions. A leader needs to possess strong analytical skills so that when he or she encounters a problem, he or she will be able to identify the essence of the problem so as to formulate alternative solutions to the problem. In addition, a leader also needs to have the abilities to carry out the decisions he or she makes. For example, when a marketing manager starts to implement her decision to conduct television advertising for the company, she may need to have the ability convince the directors of the company so that she will obtain the funds required.

In conclusion, although there are a variety of factors that determine the success of a leader, the ability to make sound decisions is the most difficult and the most important one, since decision making is involved in nearly everything a leader does.

3. In any business or other organization, it is better to have managers with strong leadership skills than managers with expertise and work experience in a particular field. Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience,

The speaker asserts that in any organization managers with strong leadership skills are better than managers with expertise and work experience in a specific field. The issue is a controversial one but a closer examination would reveal that managers having expertise and work experience in a particular field are better than those managers who have strong leadership skills for several reasons.

One reason is that managers having expertise in a specific field understand the nuances of the project quickly and easily. Their expertise in the field helps them in the estimation of effort and budget for the individual tasks. This in turn helps them to negotiate better deals with the client. Such managers would better know how much time to account for small tasks and have some buffer time as well at the end.

Another reason is that managers with expertise in a specific field can provide their teams with deep domain knowledge and can provide insight into the specifics of an issue. The team may be having lesser experience and in such cases these managers apart from managing the team can guide the project towards completion.

Perhaps the best reason is that managers having expertise in a field are of immense importance in times of crisis or if the project is in emergency. They know what hurdles the team might face in times of crisis. They know how to steer the ship towards the shore when the sea is stormy. If required, in times of crisis the manager himself can get into the technical role and provide support to the team to get the project out of emergency. For example, during one of our critical project deliveries, our manager helped us a lot during the testing phase of the project. He helped us resolve defects quickly and at the same time also managed the concerns of the client.

In summary, though there are arguments to be made to both the sides of the issue, clearly managers having expertise and work experience in a particular field are better than managers having strong leadership skills. Managers having expertise understand the nuances of the project, can provide deep insight into the specifics of issues and are of utmost importance in times of crisis. Hence, managers with expertise are better than managers having strong leadership skills.

4. The most important quality for a leader of an organization to have is not the ability to plan, to organize, and to solve problems but rather the ability to communicate the organizations mission and to inspire people to work toward fulfilling that mission. Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your position with reasons and/or examples from your experience, observations, or reading

The statement asserts that most important quality for a leader of an organization is the ability to communicate organizations mission and to inspire people to work towards fulfilling that mission. I will pursue this issue in favor of leaders ability to plan a mission, to organize it properly and to solve problems related to that, not in favor of his communication skills. To communicate the mission effectively, leader should have a clear picture about it.

The more efficient leaders an organization have, more competitive it will be. Leaders need to inspire people who work for the company. But only those leaders who are capable of planning efficiently and executing it successfully can get respect from their subordinates. With out admiration, they cannot inspire their colleagues

Leaders should need an intuition and long term perspective for any business to be successful. With a proper plan, it is relatively easy to get work done by subordinates and encourage the concept of team work. Good planning is the foundation of any competitive organization. Person who cant plan anything effectively cant definitely explain that too.

In conclusion, only those who can plan, organize and solve effectively can communicate the mission in a better way and can inspire others.

Unit 9: Motivation

1. There are essentially two forces that motivate people: self-interest and fear. Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your position with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading

There is a saying that self-interest and fear are the most important forces to motivate people. If we are interested in doing the affairs of what we are doing now, we will do better. Sometimes, if we have fear of what we are doing, we will do even better. However, in my opinion, i agree the former but disagree the latter.

When we are interested in what we do, we will have a motivation to continue to do, even it is difficult to finish it. For instance, when people face the dilemma in whether to continue their double major or not, they will tend to keep going on if they have an interest in what they major. But if they do not interest in what they take for classes, they will not have any reason to continue, especially when they get a problem. Hence, self-interest is the most important thing for people to concern, and it becomes gradually prevalent to scrutinize when we seek for a job.

Fear can be a motor for us to keep going on. However, fear can sometimes adversely affect what we are doing. Take solving a math problem for example, if we are very afraid of mathematics calculation, we probably do not want to touch this kind of aspect. So when we face the math problem next time, we might go far away from it. The fear can push us away instead.

In conclusion, i strongly agree that self-interest can motivate people to do the things, but disagree that fear can also motivate people. Sometimes, fear can just be a side effect for people to far away what they need to do or what they want to do.

2. There are several factors that motivate people to stay in the workforce, and money is the most important reason/factor. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Today, as we all know, financial aspect is the major part of our daily life, especially if we speak about work motivation. Some people think that money is the main factor people are working for, and another point of view is ,that money is only a part of motivation and work has to bring some satisfaction. This difficult situation has both advantages and disadvantages.

On the one hand, now we live in the world in which if you have no money you are the looser in your life. You cannot afford a nice car, beautiful house, stable salary and your place in the social layer. Moreover, many people choose money for their main work-motivation only for self-realization, they only want to prove everyone what they have achieved. It is vital to note also, nowadays we all face with the problem that without the money you cannot even to take the cure. For instance, in some capitalistic countries medical treatment cost a lot of money, and no one can afford this.

On the other hand, money has some drawbacks and even strong one. First of all, we all know, that if we want to have well-paid job we have to study hard for a long time. Good education costs a lot of money too and not every family has money for education. Furthermore, not every person is happy with the well-paid job. So far as we know, that a highly-paid job is not everything, much more important your attitude to this work.

In conclusion, money plays an important role in motivation, but you also have to remember this saying: Money can buy house but cannot buy a family, money can buy blood but cannot buy ones life, money can buy woman but cannot buy true love.3. The best way of motivating workers or encouraging employees to improve their performance is to pay them according to the amount of sales or products they produced. Do you agree or disagree? What other ways would you suggest?

In everybody's life motivation plays an important role. Without motivation people would lose their way in life or get depressed. People in various situations need motivation for continuing their life. For Instance, students, employees, patients and etc. A group of individuals believe that they can boost workers' motivation by paying them based on their sales or products they produced. I disagree up to a point.

First of all, managers can motivate their employees by providing them good and energetic working environment in which people experience the less amount of stress. For example, offices and work environments can be equipped with recreational facilities such as gym or massage therapy. Secondly, managers can train their workers how to manage their time in order to increase their sales or productions.

In addition, each individual may get sick during a year so they may rest a few days and as a result their salary will reduce and they won't get money for those days. Moreover, in some critical situations like bad economic that the world marketing is not good, workers will feel too much stress because they will be worried about their income. Another drawback for this method is that it can make the working environment too competitive that can be good and bad at the same time. In such a situation some people forget about the morality and this lead to some challenges and arguments among employees. Besides, it can effect the quality of the products because workers try to produce more in order to make money.

To sum up,Although some methods seems to be good and effective in short time, they'll lose their efficiency after a short time. It's better to think up long term solutions that motivate workers and boost their inspiration.

Unit 10: communication

1. The most important quality in an employee is not specific knowledge or technical competence. Instead, it is the ability to work well with other employees. Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion expressed above. Support your point of view with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.

The opinion asserts that the most important quality of an employee is not specific knowledge or technical competence; instead it is the ability to work well with other employees. At the first reading, one may think that the technical expertise is the only important factor that helps in the employee's growth. However, I tend to agree with this opinion. Its the ability to work well within a team that is more important than just having the technical expertise.

The ability to work within a team not only helps the employee in gelling well within his colleagues but also helps the team to achive its goal. No team can succeed successfully if their are conflicts with the team members or they are isolated from each other. Admittedly, technical expertise is important for the success, but even if the employee lacks certain specific knowledge they can covered as a part of the team. Not everyone is perfect, but a team can be made perfect if the team members cope up for the defects in other team members.

Consider the example of a project consisting of a technical lead, who is technically sound but not a team player. The fellow colleagues working under him won't have anyone to approach to even they encounter difficulties in their work. Moreover, their could be major problems that will remain unresolved and will ultimately hamper the project's success. On the other hand had their been a technical lead though less technically sound but gels well within a team he would be discussing these problems. Using his experience and discussions he will be able to come up with a solution, thus contributing to project's success.

Hence, the opinion that the ability to work well with other employees is more important than technical competence is valid. Though in certain specific cases it may not hold true, yet in majority of the cases the opinion holds true.

2. Modern communication systems benefit many people yet there are some that oppose to them. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Nowadays, modern technological developments in many fields are bringing enormous changes in our daily lives than it was in earlier centuries. One of the greatest technological developments mostly affected to human beings life is modern communication system. Even many people compliment the benefits of modern communication systems, there are some individuals who disagree with its gaining. Overall, I disagree with the second opinion, I would like to express my view by pointing out some advantages of modern communication systems.

Today, the communication methods are becoming more easy to use with range of selection and shortening distance. We connect with people easily through internet or telephone regardless of distance between places. For example, we can use chat applications like skype to connect person in different places and they give us a possibility to talk and see him/her like we are next to him/her. Therefore, advanced development in communication makes distance between places more shortened.Another great achievement of modern communication system is its relatively low cost and time-saving aspect. For example, a half century ago, it was time consuming, costly process to gain higher degree in foreign countries. Thanks to todays rapid development of internet communication, people pursue an high education online attending in universities in abroad. This great chance saves time and costs related to travel, live and study in foreign country.In conclusion, high developments of modern communication systems make tremendous changes in peoples living throughout world. It gives us some great advances in our communication style, education and knowledge by saving time, money and shortening distance.

3. Some people have benefited from modern communications technology, but some people have not benefited from it at all. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

The modern era can be easily correlated to the revolution in communication where people from across the world have come close enough to be clubbed and termed as living in global village. This has simultaneously generated a controversy of sorts, among diverse sections of society, where some feel that this development is positive and will go a long way in bringing humanity together, but there are certain conservationist section who are completely critical of the new technological innovations.

The modern gadgets like mobile and satellite phones etc. introduced in past two decades are compliment advancements in technology. Innovations have made it possible for humans to communicate with each other as per their convenience. This has helped in expanding itenary of available communication alternatives and people have facilities of voice and video calling, along with emails and test messaging from single device. This has not only facilitated personal communication but also paved way for more convenient and cost effective business communications

On contrary, many people hold cynical views about these new developments. They feel, these introductions have fuelled isolated lifestyle where people prefer to live in isolation. With more convenient methods of reaching out to outer, world being available many individuals have resorted to shunning human contact which is adversely affecting social life and as a result traditional relationships and ways of life are being adversely affected.

Besides shunning social life, modern means of communications also incite people to develop unwarranted and dangerous habits like it is commonly observed that people use these gadgets even while driving, which poses a great danger to their and others safety.

In conclusion, I personally feel that even though newer means of communicating have some evils but these factors are insufficient to undermine the benefits they have bought along.

4. Some say that the Internet is making the world smaller by bringing people together. To what extent do to you agree that the Internet is making it easier for people to communicate with one another?

It goes without saying that internet is one of the greatest invention in twenty first century and it is significantly improving day by day. Today, internet is generally accepted as a fast communication medium thus,some people believe it can makes the world smaller by reducing the communication gap among us. To a some extent, I agree with the statement because, it can generally be observed that, limited number of drawbacks of the internet are usually overcome by it's advantages in the terms of communication.

There are different opinions among people about the usage and side effects of the internet. While people dwell on their ideas, I would like to bring forward my opinion to better side. Depending on the facts, half a percent of world population doesn't have an access to internet. Thus, limited number of people around the world are getting opportunity to experience the internet whether it delivers negative or positive outcomes. This trend is commonly seen in developed nations such as USA, Australia,as well as Europe.It has been reported that, to a some extent, internet is responsible for increasing criticism and break-up relationships in those countries.

On the other hand, Internet has been dramatically change communication patterns around the world. Nowadays, internet is considerably sustained with various demanding methods and tools of communication such as, social networks, Skype, E-mails and internet calling. Those technologies are helpful in bringing people together by providing world wide access with an internet. The latest social media technologies such as Facebook and twitter allow their users to share their photos and videos with in a matter of second.In addition security that provide by the internet is also useful when transferring confidential information through the network. Thus, internet is a widely use for business activities perhaps, people pay their charges on-line to buy products then the purchased good would be deliver to the door in the next morning.

( essay 2) Internet so call the world wide web, a search engine, with the help of it you can reach out and get to know the people you might never have met in person. Degree can be earned, deal can be fixed, you can clear an interview get a job, seek medical advice,plan vacation get the details, buy on line and many more you can do with out going there.

Electronics mail instant messenger , apps, programme, gadgets make the presence of the other person more real, who knows with the help of visual reality you might even get a 3-d image of the speaker. i believe that the internet is one of the best invention of the last century. you can hardly guess to miss anyone and no body is really out of reach.

howeever the internet can also be major source of harasment spammer and hackers can invade your privacy and get personal confedential information, you are never out of anybody search unless you make a concious decision of not checking your email. there can always more works waiting for you in your inbox. and you might not ahve a moment for urself.

Asa family person, i will always looking forward to getting occasional letter in the small mail. a personal letter where i can sense the mood of writer by the slants in his/her handwriting and get to know him/ her. but on the other hand the internet give me all what i dream of in terms of communication, the speed reliability and convenience of time and place i can certainly tolerate the short coming anyday

All groups and organizations should function as teams in which everyone makes decisions and shares responsibilities and duties. Giving one person central authority and responsibility for a project or task is not an effective way to get work done. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the opinion expressed above? Support your view with reasons and/or special examples drawn from your own work or school experiences, your observations or your readingA corporation could be designed in a variety of appropriate organization structure for each enterprise such as bureaucracy, departmentation, and so forth. Nerverthless, The statement tell us that in groups and organizations, everyone should be allowed to take decisions and share responsibilities and duties. In my view, I strongly agree with this statement for the following reasons

First, the members of the team is given their idea, which means they are respected and feel as a part of the organization. In a system where everyone has a right in decision making, the product or the idea that is finally approved is through consensus. This makes everybody feel responsible for the product or the idea. The workers feel as if they are working for themselves. Whereas, if the idea is forced upon them by some central authority than they might feel as if they are working for some other person. For example, the Sahara group of companies is owned by a man who calls himself the chief worker of the organization instead of the CEO. Also, all the workers in the organization have a say in the decision making process of the organization. This has worked exceptionally well for the company in term of profit and getting goodwill. Many of its employee work for wages lower than normal because they want to be associated with the company

second, If in such an organization, all the decisions are taken by a single person called leader who is a dictator, that will be not good. Because the characteristic of the organization would also be like its leader. For example, if a leader is very aggressive than the organization would also deal with all its issues aggressivel.This would hamper the flexibility of the organization and vice versa.

In conclusion, I feel that a distributed system to make decision is better than a central authority system and its chances of success is more thanfailureDecisions can be made quickly, or they can be made after careful thought. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The decisions that people make quickly are always wrong. Use reason and specific examples to support your opinion.

Some people consider as if it is a general truth that to make a wrong decision is better than to make no decision at all. But to be frank, I can not agree with this opinion.Most people dont know how the profound effect of making decisions quickly is. In my view, I see that making decision quickly is always wrong, because of lack of thinking carefully and making the results those nature is rational.

Firstly, a rapid decision usually means that it is lacked of careful think about all aspects can happen. Therefore, the results are not always good as expected or fall outside the scope of personal control severely.For example, I decided to register my name for the Foreign Trade university just in a shortest moment, I did not consider some important things carefully such as corresponding of my ability and this university requirement or not, or easily finding a job after graduation or what my passion is, do I like the business? i did that,however I only thought that this university is very beautiful and romatic. So I had to register that. Consequently, I failed in the entrance exam. This shows that making decision quickly is almost wrong. I see that it is ignorant of the basic fact that a bad decision will influence the subsequence step and produce an unsuccessful result even a failure.

Secondly, I want to mention about the context of decisions which depends on your feeling, because it is a critical factor to influence on the result of decisions. Some of them are rapidly made which almost are given in highly excited-status such as very happy, so sad, or disappointmet. This feeling will dominate your decisions and for this reason, the decisions are not precise, and also cause for many unexpected things to adversely affect on people made them. For instance, when I became anger, I could not control my actions. At that time, I just spoke out what I wanted to say without my thinking. As a result, I hurt some one by unacceptable words. Until now, I have been regretted about my mistake.

On the small other aspect, a rapid decision also help you too much. For example, you're at work and the boss calls you to his office and tells you there's a big project that needs to be done. He thinks you're the best person for the job, but he needs an answer from you on the spot. He hasn't told you what the project is, but you make the quick decision to accept. This is the right quick decision, because you're basing it on a lot of factors that will occur to you later. One is that it wouldn't make sense for the boss to ask you to do something he didn't think you could handle. That would only hurt his business. Plus, doing a good job on this project might help your career. You realize it's good to reach higher, if you want to get ahead.To sum up, the deliberate consider can help to avoid the appearance of trouble effectively and to resolve problems successfully. I see that We often learn from past decisions which makes us strong on confident to not to repeat bad things. Therefore we will always share with people about our decisions and take the advice for better results.In any business or other organization, it is better to have managers with strong leadership skills than managers with expertise and work experience in a particular field. Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your view with reasons and/or examples from your own experience

It is believed that a good manager is intelligent, have expertise and work experience in a particular field. However, opponents suppose that a good manager have to have strong leadership skill to achieve organizational objective in the world today. In my view, the both the ability to lead and the expertise with work experience are a prerequisite for one to be an effective and efficient manager.Admittedly, if manager is using good technical skills, he/she will take advantage to promote herself in any company. Nerverthless, the business environment always fluctuates, the managers wil have to cope with this issues to remain the organizational objective. The technically skills, meantime, may be more inefficient than a leadership skills. For example, a good manager is one who takes up well-calculated challenges and accomplishes them by taking along the team members. A manager needs take up the responsibility of acquiring, allocating and adjusting the resources at hand. He or she needs to motive the team to achieve the set goal. Similarly, A good manager is one who understands the needs and wants of each individual member of the team, correlates the goals of individuals with the goals of the team and organisation. In summary, the manager is supposed to have leadership qualities so as to bring the best in the team.

On the other hand, one cannot ignore the importance of expertise and work experience. A manager, however good in leadership abilities, if lacks expertise and work experience is bound to struggle to succeed, if not fail. For instance, in professional teams, the manager needs to have some expertise in the field of interest of the team. A football team manager needs to have some knowledge in football game and the management of the football team. Similarly, the need for work experience also places an important role. A manager who lacks work experience in the area in which the team works would face practice problems on the field. For example, a manager with theoretical knowledge in the field of expertise and with good leadership skills would not be as effective as a manager who possesses all the three - leadership skills, expertise and work experience. This is because one tends to learn more by experience.

In sum, though leadership skills play an important role in making a manager successful, the lack of expertise and work experience would definitely undermine the abilities of a manager. Thus the best bet would be to have a manager who has the ability to lead, the domain knowledge and sufficient work experience.Organizations have to be much profit oriented than being socially responsible, especially during an economic depression. Do you agree or disagree? Discuss

Answer

The discharging wastes Thi Vai river of Vedan company in 2008 is a typical case at Vietnam, has condemaned harshly for the organizations running under profits and forgetting themselves social responsibility. This case has killed a lot of people that living near this river and has been serious environmental pollution. Most organizations have oriented their own profit, however they could not be for that purpose that are not concerned all the social welfare and business ethics. That is a question that many organizations are paying attention .I think the priority of social responsibility should be posed by all organizations ,especially during economic depression.

Indeed, according to Adam Smith's metaphor of the invisible hand, an economic agent pursuing his own self-interest also promotes the good of society in a free market .The simple answer for the increasing profit and welfare of organization is the Corporate Social Responsibility concept whereby firms commit to improve their environmental and/or social performance beyond legal obligation. Corporate social responsibility has been very popular amongst companies and top corporations. Especially in the 21st century when environmental concerns, human rights, labor rights, fair trade and many other concerns are becoming increasingly important to consumers, stakeholders and companies alike. Many organizations also create corporate social responsibility reports where they rank businesses and corporations based on their CSR performances in multiple dimensions. By ranking these businesses it may motivate them to perform better and attempt to become even more socially responsible since no one wants to be at the bottom of the list. The relationship between investment on social responsible projects and financial performance where corporate social performance and corporate financial performance feed and reinforce each other. It is impossible to see immediate results from corporate social responsibility practice however most businesses knows that CSR practice will help them in the long run. The most widely believed reason for engaging in CSR is often profit and value maximization in which companies hopes to improve and increase in profit for both short term and long term.

In summary, Corporate Social Responsibility can be profitable for the organization. Although it is difficult to receive high ratings in all areas of corporate social responsibility but

many companies are working towards becoming more and more responsible as they are

motivated. It is the way to become stronger and survive amongst competitors, as they know that corporate social responsibility will make a big difference and help the company survive in the tough economy.

Some people believe that visitors to other countries should follow local customs and behavior. Others disagree and think that the host country should welcome cultural differences. Discuss both these views and give your opinion.

When in Romes, do as the Romans a very famous statement of the Romans, however this saying may not be entirely correct nowadays, why so? Recently, many people visit other countries with many kinds of purpose such as travelling, work, study,ect,.. So they have only a short time to know about this countrys cultures and they could completely use their national culture for the target . I think it could be accepted and the host country should welcome cultural differences.

Indeed, every year there are many people who travel and bring their own customs of country. Your nation welcome this culture,which means that your country are not only very friendly,hospitable, but also show your country s respect for foreign cultures and of course, they will come there much more.On the other hand, They use their national culture,it is not the visitors mistake to ignore the local behavior and hold their culture, because it is their identity that show who they are, where they are from. So, the host country should accept and welcome the visitors culture although it is not same with its culture, because it is the visitors right to keep their culture.however, in some other aspects,If you are visitors ,you should follow local customs and behavior if possible, which will be very beneficial for you. Because it shows that you are respecting the local behavior and try to understand it even though it is different with your own culture. It also prove that you could adapt well to the states culture although you are not used to the custom. Besides that, the visitors also obtain new knowledge about the other cultures and how the people in some countries behave . With this customs, the visitors could compare the differences or the similarity between their culture and other peoples culture to be useful for business. They maybe enjoy the culture there and the ability for relocation is very high

In summary, depending on the purpose of each person that they should follow local customs and behavior or not. However, In my opinion, that the host country should welcome cultural differences to be suitable for the development of the timesSome people consider thinking about and planning for the future to be a waste of time. They argue that people should simpy live in the moment. Do you agree or disagree? Use at least one personal example in your response

Some people believe that the future is a uncertain kind of thing which can never plan and simply living in the moment is the best way to live. thus you will not have to think anything and your life is getting more and more simple. However, it is questionable how you can achieve a long lasting success without having far sighted views.I like a saying so much If you do not prepare for the plan before doing anything , you will be preparing for the failure in the training sessions of soft skill and my life is the best evidence for this saying. In my opinion, although our future is often beyond our control, we always think about and plan the planning for the future. That is very beneficial.

When you start with your life without an ambition, you are a bad thing like a ship without rudder. You are thinking about the future and giving a vision ,which will be the best way to reach your goal.The planning for future will provide to you a chance to achieve anything more easily and safely. To illustrate simply I can give an example of my own education, I wanted to be the first in my class in this semester, which requires great deal of general knowledge and learn hard to gain the highest marks. So I started to gather information about this and started preparation for the study before that semester takes place. I had read all textbooks carefully day by day. I am happy for everything is according to the plan and my effort is paid off. If I were to start the preparation when that semester started, I would not have been succeeded. Thus, it is essential to decide your future and to plan about it as early as possible. This is true not only in my case but everywhere in todays era for businessman, sportsman, politician, army man, employer or employee planning in advance gives more chances to success and to remove obstacles from the way of ones goal.

In addition ,the planning about future makes you ready to face any kind of upcoming changes or crisis in your life, may it be either financial or emotional. I have found that only my advance preparation has saved my lots of time; in contrast last minute preparation cause more hassles and makes me to spoil more time. For instance, my every appointment, interviews or any important meeting cannot be arranged or taken place in sight without the prior planning.

Moreover planning about future and worrying about it are two different things. So, those who consider planning as a worrying and a waste of enjoyment in life, are not true. Obviously, one must not waste his precious moments of this beautiful life just in anxiety of future but yes one must have to be ready to fight against anything in advance.

In conclusion, despite of uncertainty of our future,Because of the benefits of planning for future, we should take a great effort to plan it properly. Otherwise, life would be full of burden issues and difficulties.why do large organization encourage many of their employees to" think like entrepreneurs?

If you are a business owner, what will you do to maximize your assets? No matter how your corporation is, the staff is also the most important resource to help you achieve organizational objectives, so you will always have the two questions in your mind . Firstly, how do you do to keep employees in your workplace happy and satisfied then they will be devoted their own ability for your corporation. Secondly, you will be concerned about maintaining your competitive edge in terms of innovation and industry leadership. One way to accomplish both of these challenging goals is to encourage many of their employees to think like entrepreneurs, especially in large organizations.

At first glance, the benefits of encouraging the employees to think like entrepreneurs is too big. Because you always think of y