essential thrombocythemia.docx

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Essential ThrombocythemiaBone marrow disorder

From Mary Kugler, R.N., former About.com Guide

Updated July 24, 2006 About.com Health's Disease and Condition content is reviewed by our Medical Review

Board

• See More About:bone marrow disordersblood cell disorders

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A person with essential thrombocythemia (ET) has an excess amountof platelets in the blood due to a disorder of the bone marrow. A

change in the bone marrow stem cell DNA causes the overproduction

of platelet-forming cells in the bone marrow. What causes essentialthrombocythemia to occur is not yet known. ET is one of the

myeloproliferative disorders (MPD).There are an estimated 0.1 to 2.4 new cases of essentialthrombocythemia per 100,000 people per year. ET may occur at anyage but tends to be more common in adults. It affects both women

and men of all ethnic backgrounds.

Symptoms

Many people with essential thrombocythemia have nosymptoms. Others may have symptoms such as:

• skin problems such as redness, burning, or itching

• pain in the feet and hands

• a mildly enlarged spleen

• headache, dizziness, weight loss

• abnormal bleeding (rarely)

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• pregnancy complications

• abnormal blood clotting (most common problem)If a blood clot forms it may block blood flow to a part of the body. This

may cause serious problems such as stroke (a blood clot in the brain)or heart attack (a blood clot in the heart). People who smoke or drink

alcohol increase their risk of developing a blood clot.

Diagnosis If an individual has no symptoms, essential

thrombocythemia may be diagnosed from a blood test (platelet count) during a routine physical examination. An abnormally high number of

platelets will be detected in the blood. The bone marrow may also beexamined for the presence of excess platelets, and the spleen will be

examined to see if it is enlarged. Other tests may be done to look forother disorders which may also cause a high number of platelets in the

blood.

Treatment Treatment depends on the level of platelets in the blood

and the risk of clotting or bleeding complications. Plateletpheresis

(removing platelets from the blood) may be used as an emergencytreatment to quickly reduce an extremely high platelet level. Longer-term treatment may be observation of the individual's status throughregular doctor visits if the risk for blood clots is low. Those with higher

risk may be treated with medications such as hydroxyurea, anagrelide, or interferon alpha.

Individuals with essential thrombocythemia usually have a normallifespan with proper medical treatment. However, if a stroke, heart

attack, or other serious complication occurs, the individual may havedisability.

Sources:[ - The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society. Essential or PrimaryThrombocythemia - Arizona Telemedicine Program. Myeloproliferative

Disorders

Suggested Reading

• Other myeloproliferative disorders Elsewhere on the Web

• Leukemia & Lymphoma Society: Essential Thrombocythemia

• Friends of ET Research Related Articles

• Tips For Living with Low Platelets - What You Need to Know AboutLiving wit...

• Blood Clot Prevention During Lung Cancer Treatment - Preventing

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Blood Clots...

• Bone Marrow - What Is the Bone Marrow?

• Thrombocytopenia - What is Thrombocytopenia?

Hematuria Blood in Your Urine--Blood in Men's Urine Hematuria--Risksof...



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