essentials of a&p ch6.doc
TRANSCRIPT
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Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology, 9e (Marieb) Chapter 6
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The Muscular System
Short Answer
Figure 6.1
Using Figure 6.1, match the following: 1)
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The I band within a skeletal muscle fiber is indicated by letter __________. Diff: 1
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2)
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The A band within a skeletal muscle fiber is indicated by letter __________. Diff: 2
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3)
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The lighter central area of the A band is indicated by letter __________. Diff: 2
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4)
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The thin filament is indicated by letter __________. Diff: 2
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Figure 6.2
Using Figure 6.2, match the following: 5)
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The connective tissue "overcoat" that wraps the entire muscle is indicated by letter __________.
Diff: 1
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6)
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The connective tissue that wraps a fascicle, or bundle of muscle fibers, is indicated by letter __________.
Diff: 2
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The muscle fiber is indicated by letter __________. iff: 1
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8)
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The endomysium that wraps individual muscle fibers is indicated by letter __________. Diff: 1
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Fill in the blank or provide a short answer: 9)
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Only __________ muscle cells are cylindrical and multinucleated. Diff: 1
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10)
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The muscle tissue that normally exhibits voluntary contractions is __________ muscle. Diff: 1
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11)
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Only __________ muscle cells possess intercalated discs. Diff: 1
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Skeletal muscle is often attached to bone by strong, cordlike structures called __________. Diff: 1
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The __________ zone of a sarcomere contains no actin filaments while the skeletal muscle is at rest (noncontractile state).
Diff: 1
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The heads of the myosin myofilaments are called __________ when they link the thick and thin filaments together during skeletal muscle contraction.
Diff: 1
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The gap between the motor neuron and the muscle fiber it supplies at the neuromuscular junction is called the __________.
Diff: 1
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When a skeletal muscle is fully contracted, the __________ are closer to the thick filaments. Diff: 2
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17)
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The only energy source that can be used to directly power muscle activity is __________. Diff: 2
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A smooth, sustained contraction is called __________. Diff: 1
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The __________ of a muscle is attached to the immovable or less movable bone. Diff: 1
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The movement that is commonly seen in a ball-in-socket joint, that includes a combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction, is called __________.
Diff: 2
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The muscle that has the major responsibility for causing a particular movement is the __________.
Diff: 1
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The arrangement of fascicles in orbicularis oris is __________. Diff: 1
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23)
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The muscle referred to as the "smiling" muscle because it raised the corners of the mouth upward is the __________.
Diff: 2
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The __________ muscle runs deep to the external oblique muscle. Diff: 1
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The quadriceps femoris muscle group is composed of the three vastus muscles and the __________ muscle.
Diff: 2
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Multiple Choice
1)
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Muscle tissue that has involuntary regulation of contraction is: A)
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cardiac muscle only B)
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smooth muscle only C)
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skeletal muscle only D)
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cardiac muscle and smooth muscle E)
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cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle Diff: 2
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2)
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The muscle tissue type that consists of single, very long, cylindrical, multinucleate cells with very obvious striations is:
A)
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cardiac muscle only B)
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smooth muscle only C)
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skeletal muscle only D)
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cardiac and smooth muscle E)
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cardiac and skeletal muscle Diff: 2
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Figure 6.3
3)
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The type of muscle tissue pictured in Figure 6.3 is: A)
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skeletal muscle B)
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voluntary C)
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striated D)
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found only in the heart E)
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smooth muscle Diff: 2
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4)
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The plasma membrane of a muscle cell is called the: A)
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sarcolemma B)
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sarcomere C)
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myofilament D)
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sarcoplasm E)
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sarcoplasmic reticulum Diff: 3
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5)
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Which of the following does not describe cardiac muscle tissue: A)
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uninucleate B)
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striations C)
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involuntary D)
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rhythmic contractions E)
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attached to bones Diff: 2
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6)
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What type of membrane wraps a fascicle: A)
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endomysium B)
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epimysium C)
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aponeuroses D)
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perimysium E)
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tendons Diff: 2
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7)
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the muscular system: A)
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production of movement B)
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maintenance of posture C)
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stabilization of joints D)
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generation of heat E)
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hematopoiesis Diff: 1
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8)
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A sarcomere is: A)
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the nonfunctional unit of skeletal muscle B)
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the contractile unit between two Z discs C)
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the area between two intercalated discs D)
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the wavy lines on the cell, as seen in a microscope E)
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a compartment in a myofilament Diff: 2
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9)
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Which one of the following is composed of myosin protein: A)
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thick filaments B)
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thin filaments C)
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all myofilaments D)
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Z discs E)
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light bands Diff: 2
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10)
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Place these structures of the skeletal muscle in order from largest to smallest:1. fascicle2. myofilament3. muscle fiber (cell)4. myofibril5. sarcomere
A)
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1, 3, 4, 5, 2 B)
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1, 4, 3, 2, 5 C)
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2, 5, 4, 3, 1 D)
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3, 1, 2, 4, 5 E)
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3, 2, 5, 4, 1 Diff: 3
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11)
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The axon terminals of a nerve cell and the sarcolemma of a skeletal muscle cell join at the: A)
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motor unit B)
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neuromuscular junction C)
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synaptic cleft D)
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action potential E)
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myofibril Diff: 3
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12)
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Which one of the following functions do calcium ions perform during skeletal muscle contraction:
A)
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increase the action potential transmitted along the sarcolemma B)
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release the inhibition on Z discs C)
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expose myosin binding sites on the actin D)
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cause ATP binding to actin E)
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bind to regulatory proteins on the myosin filaments, changing both their shape and their position on the thick filaments
Diff: 2
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13)
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The mechanical force of contraction is generated by: A)
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shortening of the thick filaments B)
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shortening of the thin filaments C)
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a sliding of thin filaments past thick ones D)
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the "accordian-like" folding of thin and thick filaments E)
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the temporary disappearance of thin filaments Diff: 2
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14)
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Acetylcholine is: A)
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an ion pump on the postsynaptic membrane B)
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a source of energy for muscle contraction C)
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a component of thick myofilaments D)
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an oxygen-binding protein E)
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a neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscle Diff: 1
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15)
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The gap between the axon terminal of a motor neuron and the sarcolemma of a skeletal muscle cell is called the:
A)
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motor unit B)
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sarcomere C)
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neuromuscular junction D)
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synaptic cleft E)
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cross bridge Diff: 2
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16)
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Neurotransmitters are released upon stimulation from a nerve impulse by the: A)
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myofibrils B)
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motor unit C)
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thick filaments D)
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axon terminals of the motor neuron E)
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sarcolemma of the muscle cell Diff: 2
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17)
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An elaborate and specialized network of membranes in skeletal muscle cells that function in calcium storage is the:
A)
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sarcolemma B)
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mitochondria C)
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intermediate filament network D)
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myofibrillar network E)
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sarcoplasmic reticulum Diff: 1
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18)
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During skeletal muscle contraction, myosin cross bridges attach to active sites of: A)
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myosin filaments B)
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actin filaments C)
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Z discs D)
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thick filaments E)
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the H zone Diff: 1
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19)
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The major function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle contraction is to: A)
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make and store phosphocreatine B)
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synthesize actin and myosin myofilaments C)
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provide a source of myosin for the contraction process D)
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regulate intracellular calcium concentration E)
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store ATP Diff: 2
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20)
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The striations that give skeletal muscle its characteristic striped appearance are produced, for the most part, by:
A)
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a difference in the thickness of the sarcolemma B)
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the arrangement of myofilaments C)
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the sarcoplasmic reticulum D)
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the T tubules E)
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the "cocked" positions of the heads of the thick filaments Diff: 2
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21)
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Which of these events must occur first to trigger the skeletal muscle to generate an action potential and contract:
A)
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sodium ions rush into the cell B)
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acetylcholine (ACh) causes temporary permeability to sodium C)
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diffusion of potassium ions out of the cell D)
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operation of the sodium-potassium pump E)
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acetylcholinesterase (AchE) breaks down acetylcholine (ACh) Diff: 3
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22)
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A skeletal muscle twitch differs from a tetanic contraction in that: A)
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the tetanic contraction is considered abnormal, while the twitch is a normal muscle response
B)
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the tetanic contraction is caused by a single stimulus, while the twitch is caused by very rapid multiple stimuli
C)
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the muscle twitch is prolonged and continuous while a tetanic contraction is brief and "jerky"
D)
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the muscle twitch occurs only in small muscles while a tetanic contraction occurs in large muscle groups
E)
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the muscle twitch is a brief and "jerky" movement, while the tetanic contraction is prolonged and continuous
Diff: 3
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Page Ref: 194
23)
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Creatine phosphate (CP) functions within the muscle cells by: A)
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forming a temporary chemical compound with myosin B)
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forming a chemical compound with actin C)
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inducing a conformational change in the myofilaments D)
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storing energy that will be transferred to ADP to resynthesize ATP as needed E)
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storing energy that will be transferred to ATP to resynthesize ADP as needed Diff: 2
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Page Ref: 195
24)
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The condition of skeletal muscle fatigue can be best explained by: A)
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the all-or-none law B)
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the inability to generate sufficient quantities of ATP due to feedback regulation of synthesis C)
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insufficient intracellular quantities of ATP due to excessive consumption D)
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a total lack of ATP E)
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inadequate numbers of mitochondria Diff: 1
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Page Ref: 195-196
25)
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Which one of the following muscle actions would NOT be classified as an ISOTONIC contraction:
A)
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pushing against a stationary wall B)
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lifting a glass of water to your mouth C)
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writing a letter D)
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tying your shoe E)
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throwing a ball
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26)
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Anaerobic glycolysis occurs without: A)
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ATP B)
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oxygen C)
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lactic acid D)
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carbon dioxide E)
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glucose Diff: 3
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Page Ref: 195
27)
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Which of these pathways to regenerate ATP during muscle activity is the fastest: A)
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direct phosphorylation of ADP by creatine phosphate B)
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aerobic respiration C)
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anaerobic glycolysis and lactic acid formation D)
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oxidative phosphorylation E)
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both aerobic respiration and anaerobic glycolysis Diff: 3
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Page Ref: 195
28)
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The insertion of the gluteus maximus is the: A)
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sacrum B)
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tibia C)
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ilium D)
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calcaneus E)
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femur Diff: 2
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Page Ref: 211
29)
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Which of the following muscles closes the jaw: A)
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the buccinator B)
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the masseter C)
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the frontalis D)
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the sternocleidomastoid E)
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the masseter and the temporalis Diff: 2
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Page Ref: 207
30)
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Sandra is playing the piano for her recital. Which muscle is not involved in the movement of her hands and/or fingers:
A)
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flexor carpi radialis B)
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flexor carpi ulnaris C)
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extensor digitorum D)
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extensor digitorum longus E)
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extensor carpi radialis Diff: 2
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Page Ref: 219
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31)
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Which of the following muscles inserts on the calcaneus: A)
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the semitendinosus B)
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the sartorius C)
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the tibialis anterior D)
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the soleus E)
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the iliopsoas Diff: 2
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Page Ref: 214; 219
32)
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Which one of the following does NOT compress the abdomen: A)
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internal oblique B)
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external oblique C)
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transversus abdominis D)
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latissimus dorsi E)
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rectus abdominis Diff: 2
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Page Ref: 209
33)
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A muscle located on the ventral (anterior) side of the body is the: A)
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pectoralis major B)
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occipitalis C)
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gastrocnemius D)
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gluteus medius E)
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latissimus dorsi Diff: 1
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34)
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A nursing infant develops a powerful sucking muscle that adults also use for whistling or blowing a trumpet called the:
A)
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platysma B)
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masseter C)
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zygomaticus D)
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buccinator E)
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temporalis Diff: 1
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35)
296
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Which of these muscles is not responsibile for flexion or extension of the arm? A)
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biceps brachii B)
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triceps brachii C)
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brachialis D)
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platysma E)
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latissimus dorsi Diff: 3
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Page Ref: 210; 211
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36)
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A muscle group that works with and assists the action of a prime mover is a(n): A)
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antagonist only B)
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fixator only C)
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synergist only D)
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antagonist and synergist E)
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antagonist and fixator Diff: 1
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Page Ref: 202
37)
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Which of the following muscles is not involved in dorsiflexion and/or plantar flexion of the foot:
A)
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gastrocnemius B)
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tibialis anterior C)
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extensor digitorum longus D)
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soleus E)
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iliopsoas Diff: 3
317
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Page Ref: 212; 214
38)
318
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Which one of the following is the action of the orbicularis oris: A)
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closes, purses, and protrudes the lips B)
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pulls the lower lip down and back C)
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draws the eyebrows together D)
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allows blinking, squinting, and various other protective mechanisms for the eye E)
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closes the jaw Diff: 1
324
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Page Ref: 207
39)
325
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Paralysis of which of the following would make an individual unable to flex the thigh: A)
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biceps femoris B)
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vastus medialis C)
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vastus lateralis D)
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vastus intermedius E)
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iliopsoas and rectus femoris Diff: 2
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Page Ref: 212; 214
40)
332
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Which one of the following muscles is involved in abduction of the arm at the shoulder joint:
A)
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deltoid B)
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biceps brachii C)
335
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triceps brachii D)
336
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latissimus dorsi E)
337
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pectoralis major Diff: 2
338
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Page Ref: 210
339
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41)
340
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Which of the following muscles adducts the thigh: A)
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peroneus muscles B)
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gluteus maximus C)
343
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sartorius D)
344
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quadriceps group E)
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adductor muscles Diff: 1
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Page Ref: 214
42)
347
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While doing "jumping jacks" during an exercise class, your arms and legs move laterally away from the midline of your body. This motion is called:
A)
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extension B)
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flexion C)
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abduction D)
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adduction E)
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circumduction Diff: 1
353
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Page Ref: 199
43)
354
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Which of the following muscles are antagonists: A)
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biceps brachii and triceps brachii B)
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bicpes femoris and biceps brachii C)
357
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vastus medialis and vastus lateralis D)
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masseter and temporalis E)
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gastrocnemius and soleus Diff: 3
360
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Page Ref: 211
44)
361
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Paralysis of which of the following would make an individual unable to flex the knee: A)
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hamstring muscle group B)
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gluteal muscle group C)
364
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gastrocnemius D)
365
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sartorius E)
366
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iliopsoas Diff: 3
367
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Page Ref: 214
45)
368
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Which one of the following is NOT a criteria generally used in naming muscles: A)
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relative size of the muscle B)
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number of origins of the muscle C)
371
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shape of the muscle D)
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method of attachment of the muscle to bone E)
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action of the muscle Diff: 2
374
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Page Ref: 204
Matching
Match the following: 1)
375
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The distance between two Z discs
376
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A)
377
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I band Diff: 2
378
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Page Ref: 187-188
379
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B)
380
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myosin filaments
2)
381
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Otherwise known as thick filaments
382
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C)
383
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actin filaments Diff: 2
384
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Page Ref: 189
385
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D)
386
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Z discs
3)
387
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Contains only the actin filaments
388
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E)
389
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sarcomere Diff: 2
390
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Page Ref: 187-188
391
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F)
392
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H zone
4)
393
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Both actin and myosin are found in this band
394
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G)
395
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A band Diff: 1
396
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Page Ref: 187-188
5)
397
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The type of filament that is studded with myosin heads Diff: 1
398
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Page Ref: 189
6)
399
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Tiny contractile unit that shortens during muscle contraction Diff: 2
400
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Page Ref: 187; 192
7)
401
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Actin filaments are anchored to these disclike membranes Diff: 1
402
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Page Ref: 189
8)
403
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Lighter central portion of the A band Diff: 2
404
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Page Ref: 187
Match the following: 9)
405
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Serves as the actual "go" signal for muscle contraction
406
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A)
407
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creatine phosphate Diff: 2
408
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Page Ref: 193
409
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B)
410
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acetylcholine
10)
411
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Neurotransmitter substance released at motor end plates by the motor neuron
412
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C)
413
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enzymes D)
414
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potassium ions Diff: 2
415
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Page Ref: 189
416
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E)
417
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calcium ions
11)
418
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Normally stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum
419
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F)
420
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aerobic respiration Diff: 2
421
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Page Ref: 189
422
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G)
423
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anaerobic respiration
12)
424
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A metabolic pathway that produces water, carbon dioxide, and ATP, and provides for a large amount of ATP per glucose because oxygen is used
425
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H)
426
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sodium ions Diff: 3
427
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Page Ref: 195
13)
428
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A reserve, high-energy compound used to convert ADP to ATP by the transfer of a high-energy phosphate group
Diff: 2
429
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Page Ref: 195
14)
430
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Destroys acetylcholine (ACh) Diff: 2
431
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Page Ref: 190
Match the following: 15)
432
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Type of movement that decreases the angle of the joint
433
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A)
434
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supination B)
435
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extension Diff: 2
436
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Page Ref: 199
437
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C)
438
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pronation
16)
439
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Type of movement that results when the forearm rotates laterally so that the palm faces anteriorly
440
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D)
441
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rotation E)
442
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adduction Diff: 2
443
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Page Ref: 202
444
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F)
445
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flexion
17)
446
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The movement of a limb toward the body midline
447
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G)
448
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abduction Diff: 2
449
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Page Ref: 199
18)
450
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Type of movement that increases the angle of the joint Diff: 2
451
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Page Ref: 199
19)
452
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The movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis Diff: 2
453
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Page Ref: 199
20)
454
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The movement of a limb away from the body midline Diff: 2
455
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Page Ref: 199
22)
456
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Primary action of the deltoid Diff: 2
457
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Page Ref: 210
23)
458
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Primary action of the adductor muscles Diff: 2
459
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Page Ref: 214
24)
460
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Primary action of the erector spinae Diff: 2
461
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Page Ref: 210
25)
462
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Primary action of the rectus abdominis
463