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Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 11e (Marieb) Chapter 11 The Cardiovascular System 11.1 Multiple Choice Part I Questions

Using Figure 11.1, identify the following: 1) The Purkinje fibers are indicated by ________. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D E) Label E Answer: E Page Ref: 364 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 2) The sinoatrial (SA) node is indicated by ________. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D E) Label E Answer: A Page Ref: 364 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge


3) The atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His) is represented by ________. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D E) Label E Answer: C Page Ref: 364 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 4) The atrioventricular (AV) node is indicated by ________. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D E) Label E Answer: B Page Ref: 364 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 5) The bundle branches are indicated by ________. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D E) Label E Answer: D Page Ref: 364 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 6) The layer of the heart wall that receives the stimulus from letter E is called the ________. A) pericardium B) epicardium C) endocardium D) myocardium Answer: D Page Ref: 364 Bloom's: 2) Comprehension 7) The partition where the bundle branches are located is called the ________. A) left atrioventricular groove B) interatrial septum C) interventricular septum D) right atrioventricular groove Answer: C Page Ref: 364 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge


8) The pointed, inferior portion of the heart, known as the ________, rests on the diaphragm and is oriented toward the left hip. A) base B) mediastinum C) apex D) pericardium Answer: C Page Ref: 357 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 9) The visceral layer of the serous pericardium is actually the same layer as the ________. A) epicardium B) myocardium C) fibrous pericardium D) endocardium Answer: A Page Ref: 358 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 10) The two superior receiving chambers of the heart are known as the ________, while the two inferior discharging chambers of the heart are known as the ________. A) ventricles; atria B) atria; ventricles C) arteries; veins D) veins; arteries Answer: B Page Ref: 358 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 11) The valves located between the atria and ventricles are known as the ________ valves. A) pulmonary B) atrioventricular (AV) C) aortic D) semilunar Answer: B Page Ref: 361 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 12) Blood leaves the left ventricle through an artery known as the ________. A) pulmonary trunk B) aorta C) superior vena cava D) coronary sinus Answer: B Page Ref: 360, 373 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge


13) The transportation of blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart is known as ________ circulation. A) systemic B) cardiac C) pulmonary D) coronary Answer: C Page Ref: 360 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 14) The tiny white cords that anchor the cusps or flaps of endocardium to the walls of the ventricles are called the ________. A) chordae tendineae B) ligamentum arteriosum C) ductus venosus D) myocardium Answer: A Page Ref: 361 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 15) Oxygented blood nourishing the myocardium comes from vessels that branch off the aorta called ________. A) pulmonary arteries B) pulmonary veins C) coronary arteries D) venae cavae Answer: C Page Ref: 363 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 16) The walls of the ________ are substantially thicker because that chamber acts as the more powerful systemic pump of the heart. A) left atrium B) left ventricle C) right atrium D) right ventricle Answer: B Page Ref: 360, 361 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge


17) The bicuspid valve is also referred to as the ________ valve. A) mitral B) pulmonary C) semilunar D) aortic Answer: A Page Ref: 361 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

18) When ventricles ________, the AV valves are closed. A) relax B) open C) contract D) dilate Answer: C Page Ref: 361, 362 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 19) The coronary veins empty blood from the myocardium into a large vein on the posterior side of the heart known as the ________. A) pulmonary vein B) inferior vena cava C) superior vena cava D) coronary sinus Answer: D Page Ref: 363 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 20) The sinoatrial node, located in the right atrium of the heart, is often called the ________. A) pacemaker B) pericardial cavity C) atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His) D) auricle Answer: A Page Ref: 364, 365 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 21) The length of the cardiac cycle is normally ________ second(s) in length. A) 2 B) 4 C) 0.8 D) 0.3 Answer: C Page Ref: 365 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge


22) The electrocardiogram (ECG) wave that results from the firing of the sinoatrial (SA) node is the ________ wave. A) QRS B) T C) P D) S-T Answer: C Page Ref: 367 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

23) The first heart sound, "lub," is caused by the closure of the ________ valves. A) semilunar B) pulmonary C) atrioventricular (AV) D) aortic Answer: C Page Ref: 366 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 24) The term that means heart contraction is ________. A) diastole B) tachycardia C) systole D) fibrillation Answer: C Page Ref: 365 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 25) During mid-to-late diastole, blood flows from the atria to the ________. A) ventricles B) lungs C) aorta D) pulmonary trunk Answer: A Page Ref: 365 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 26) The average heart beats about ________ times per minute. A) 35 B) 50 C) 75 D) 105 Answer: C Page Ref: 365 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge


27) The volume of blood pumped out of a ventricle with each heartbeat is known as ________. A) heart rate (HR) B) stroke volume (SV) C) cardiac output (CO) D) blood pressure (BP) Answer: B Page Ref: 367 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

28) The vagus nerve operates under the control of the parasympathetic nervous system and causes the ________. A) heart rate to decrease B) heart rate to increase, then decrease C) heart rate to increase D) blood pressure to increase Answer: A Page Ref: 369 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 29) Large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called ________. A) arteries B) capillaries C) veins D) venae cavae Answer: A Page Ref: 370 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 30) Tunica ________, the middle layer of a typical blood vessel, contains smooth muscle and elastic fibers. A) intima B) externa C) media D) adventitia Answer: C Page Ref: 370 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 31) Arteries are normally depicted as red while veins are colored blue. The exceptions to this rule are the ________ arteries and veins. A) systemic B) hepatic C) coronary D) pulmonary Answer: D Page Ref: 370 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge


32) Capillary beds are drained by vessels known as ________. A) venules B) venae cavae C) arterioles D) arteries Answer: A Page Ref: 370, 383 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

33) Large veins have ________ to prevent the backflow of blood. A) tunics B) sphincters C) valves D) shunts Answer: C Page Ref: 372 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 34) The flow of blood through a capillary bed is called ________. A) pulmonary circulation B) hepatic portal circulation C) systemic circulation D) microcirculation Answer: D Page Ref: 372 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 35) The largest artery in the body is the ________. A) brachiocephalic artery B) pulmonary trunk C) aorta D) common carotid artery Answer: C Page Ref: 373 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 36) The organs served by the renal arteries and veins are the ________. A) ovaries B) kidneys C) testes D) lungs Answer: B Page Ref: 374 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge


37) The longest veins in the body drain the leg and are the ________. A) femoral veins B) great saphenous veins C) venae cavae D) anterior and posterior tibial veins Answer: B Page Ref: 376 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

38) Veins draining the head and arms empty into the ________, which carries blood to the right atrium of the heart. A) superior vena cava B) inferior vena cava C) common iliac vein D) great saphenous vein Answer: A Page Ref: 374 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 39) The single vessel that drains blood from the digestive tract organs to the liver is the ________. A) hepatic vein B) hepatic portal vein C) renal vein D) inferior vena cava Answer: B Page Ref: 376, 379 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 40) Branches of the common carotid arteries, known as the ________, travel through the neck into the skull through the temporal bone to supply the brain and cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) with blood. A) external carotid arteries B) internal carotid arteries C) brachiocephalic trunk D) subclavian arteries Answer: B Page Ref: 374, 378 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge


41) The vessel that carries oxygenated and nutrient-rich blood to the fetus is the ________. A) hepatic portal vein B) umbilical vein C) ductus arteriosus D) umbilical artery Answer: B Page Ref: 380 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 42) The flaplike opening in the interatrial septum of the fetus through which blood is shunted directly from the right atrium to the left atrium is the ________. A) ductus arteriosus B) ligamentum arteriosum C) ductus venosus D) foramen ovale Answer: D Page Ref: 380 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

43) The pressure that draws fluid into capillaries since blood has a higher solute concentration than interstitial fluid is known as ________. A) blood pressure B) systolic pressure C) osmotic pressure D) diastolic pressure Answer: C Page Ref: 390 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 44) The alternating expansion and recoil of an artery that occurs with each beat of the left ventricle creates a pressure wave known as a(n) ________. A) cardiac output B) pulse C) pressure point D) stroke volume Answer: B Page Ref: 382 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 45) The narrowing of blood vessels is known as ________. A) vasodilation B) diastole C) vasoconstriction D) systole Answer: C Page Ref: 385 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge


46) Sustained elevated arterial blood pressure above 140/90 mm Hg is a condition known as ________. A) hypertension (high blood pressure) B) orthostatic hypotension C) circulatory shock D) myocardial infarction Answer: A Page Ref: 386 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 47) Fluid tends to be forced out of a capillary bed by ________ while ________ tends to draw fluid into the capillary bed. A) systolic pressure; diastolic pressure B) blood pressure; osmotic pressure C) osmotic pressure; diastolic pressure D) osmotic pressure; blood pressure Answer: B Page Ref: 390 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

11.2 Multiple Choice Part II Questions 1) The heart is situated within the medial section of the thoracic cavity known as the ________. A) mediastinum B) hiatus C) pleural cavity D) hilus E) diaphragm Answer: A Page Ref: 357 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 2) The layer of the heart wall synonymous with the visceral layer of the serous pericardium is ________. A) myocardium B) endocardium C) epicardium D) parietal layer of the serous pericardium E) either endocardium or epicardium Answer: C Page Ref: 358 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge


3) Pulmonary circulation involves blood flow to and from the heart and the ________. A) body B) digestive organs C) skin D) lungs E) brain Answer: D Page Ref: 360 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 4) The left atrium receives blood from the ________. A) pulmonary arteries B) superior vena cava C) aorta D) pulmonary veins E) inferior vena cava Answer: D Page Ref: 360 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 5) Pulmonary arteries transport ________. A) oxygenated blood to the lungs B) blood rich in carbon dioxide to the lungs C) oxygenated blood to the heart D) oxygenated blood directly to the aorta E) blood rich in carbon dioxide to the right atrium of the heart Answer: B Page Ref: 360 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

6) What structure divides the left atrium from the right atrium? A) interventricular septum B) interatrial septum C) bicuspid valve D) tricuspid valve E) chordae tendineae Answer: B Page Ref: 358 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge


7) When the ventricles contract, the bicuspid (mitral) valve prevents blood from flowing from the ________. A) right ventricle to the right atrium B) left ventricle to the left atrium C) left atrium to the right atrium D) right atrium to the left atrium E) left ventricle to the right ventricle Answer: B Page Ref: 361 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 8) The tricuspid valve is located between the ________. A) right atrium and left atrium B) right atrium and right ventricle C) left ventricle and pulmonary artery D) left ventricle and aorta E) right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk Answer: B Page Ref: 361 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 9) What anchors the flaps of the atrioventricular valves to the walls of the ventricles? A) ligamentum arteriosum B) fossa ovalis C) chordae tendineae D) interatrial septum E) coronary sulcus Answer: C Page Ref: 361 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 10) Which one of the following blood vessels carries oxygenated blood? A) superior vena cava B) inferior vena cava C) coronary sinus D) pulmonary artery E) pulmonary vein Answer: E Page Ref: 360 Bloom's: 2) Comprehension


11) Which valve guards the base of the aorta and opens when the ventricles are contracting? A) mitral valve B) aortic semilunar valve C) bicuspid valve D) pulmonary semilunar valve E) tricuspid valve Answer: B Page Ref: 363 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 12) Which blood vessels are direct branches of the left coronary artery? A) circumflex and marginal arteries B) anterior and posterior interventricular arteries C) anterior interventricular and marginal arteries D) anterior interventricular and circumflex arteries E) posterior interventricular and marginal arteries Answer: D Page Ref: 363 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 13) The sinoatrial node is located in the ________. A) aorta B) right atrium C) left atrium D) right ventricle E) interventricular septum Answer: B Page Ref: 365 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 14) Which one of the following represents the correct path for the transmission of an impulse in the intrinsic conduction system of the heart? A) atrioventricular (AV) node, sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers B) atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), sinoatrial (SA) node, Purkinje fibers, right and left bundle branches C) sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), atrioventricular (AV) node, Purkinje fibers, right and left bundle branches D) sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), atrioventricular (AV) node, right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers E) sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers Answer: E Page Ref: 364-365 Bloom's: 4) Analysis


15) Which vessel carries deoxygenated blood from cardiac circulation to the right atrium of the heart? A) coronary sulcus B) coronary artery C) coronary sinus D) circumflex artery E) pulmonary vein Answer: C Page Ref: 363 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 16) Which of these events is NOT associated with ventricular systole? A) atrioventricular valves close B) heart is relaxed C) blood rushes out of the ventricles D) pressure in ventricles rises E) semilunar valves open Answer: B Page Ref: 365-366 Bloom's: 2) Comprehension 17) The mitral valve is normally closed ________. A) when the ventricle is in diastole B) when the ventricle is in systole C) when the atrium is contracting D) by the movement of blood from the atrium to the ventricle E) when the ventricle is relaxed Answer: B Page Ref: 361, 365 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 18) A person with a heart rate of 75 beats per minute and a stroke volume of 60 mL per beat has a cardiac output of ________. A) 4500 mL/minute B) 1.25 mL/minute C) 0.8 mL/minute D) 6000 mL/minute E) 120 mL/minute Answer: A Page Ref: 367 Bloom's: 3) Application


19) The heart sounds "lub" and "dup" result from ________. A) opening of the heart valves B) firing of the nodes of the intrinsic conduction system C) blood rushing through the chambers D) closure of heart valves E) contraction of the heart Answer: D Page Ref: 366 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

20) The volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle with each beat of the heart is called the ________. A) cardiac output B) cardiac cycle C) stroke volume D) heart rate E) diastolic pressure Answer: C Page Ref: 367 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 21) The path of blood flow within the systemic vascular system is ________. A) arterioles, arteries, capillary beds, venules, veins B) arterioles, arteries, capillary beds, veins, venules C) arterioles, arteries, venules, veins, capillary beds D) arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, veins, venules E) arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, venules, veins Answer: E Page Ref: 370 Bloom's: 4) Analysis 22) You notice a missing P wave on a patient's electrocardiogram (ECG) and believe there is a problem with the ________. A) atrioventricular (AV) node B) Purkinje fibers C) left bundle branch D) atrioventricular (AV) bundle E) sinoatrial (SA) node Answer: E Page Ref: 367 Bloom's: 3) Application


23) Which of the following increases heart rate? A) low levels of calcium B) parasympathetic nervous system stimulation C) vagus nerve stimulation D) cold E) epinephrine Answer: E Page Ref: 368 Bloom's: 3) Application 24) Veins ________. A) carry blood away from the heart B) branch into smaller vessels called arterioles C) transport oxygen-rich blood D) operate under high pressure E) often have valves to prevent the backflow of blood Answer: E Page Ref: 372 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

25) Which type of vessel is constructed only from tunica intima? A) arteries B) arterioles C) capillaries D) veins E) venules Answer: C Page Ref: 372 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 26) The correct sequence of layers of a typical blood vessel, from superficial to deep, are ________. A) tunica media, tunica intima, tunica externa B) tunica media, tunica externa, tunica intima C) tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima D) tunica externa, tunica intima, tunica media E) tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa Answer: C Page Ref: 370-371 Bloom's: 4) Analysis


27) Which of the following blood vessels is a direct branch of the ascending aorta? A) right subclavian artery B) left internal carotid artery C) right pulmonary artery D) left brachiocephalic artery E) right and left coronary arteries Answer: E Page Ref: 374 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 28) Which one of the following does NOT receive blood directly from the aortic arch? A) brachiocephalic artery B) left subclavian artery C) left common carotid artery D) right common carotid artery E) thoracic aorta Answer: D Page Ref: 374 Bloom's: 2) Comprehension 29) Which of the following arteries is the first branch of the abdominal aorta? A) splenic artery B) superior mesenteric artery C) celiac artery D) femoral artery E) hepatic artery Answer: C Page Ref: 374 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

30) Which of these pathways correctly traces blood as it travels from the aortic arch to the left arm? A) aortic arch, brachiocephalic trunk, right common carotid artery B) aortic arch, left common carotid artery, left internal carotid artery C) aortic arch, left subclavian artery, left axillary artery, left brachial artery D) ascending aorta, right coronary arteries E) abdominal aorta, celiac trunk, left gastric artery Answer: C Page Ref: 374 Bloom's: 4) Analysis


31) The external carotid artery serves the skin and muscles of the head and ________. A) armpit B) groin C) neck D) abdomen E) leg Answer: C Page Ref: 374 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 32) Which vein returns blood to the superior vena cava? A) brachiocephalic vein B) renal vein C) hepatic portal vein D) common iliac vein E) great saphenous vein Answer: A Page Ref: 376 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 33) The internal iliac vein empties blood directly into the ________. A) femoral vein B) common iliac vein C) superior vena cava D) hepatic portal vein E) external iliac vein Answer: B Page Ref: 376 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 34) What organ receives blood from the hepatic portal vein? A) liver B) kidney C) pancreas D) large intestine E) brain Answer: A Page Ref: 376 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge


35) The brachial vein ________. A) drains blood from the radial and ulnar veins, then empties that blood into the axillary vein B) drains blood from the internal jugular vein, then empties that blood into the superior vena cava C) drains blood from the popliteal vein, then empties that blood into the external iliac vein D) drains blood from the axillary vein, then empties that blood into the superior vena cava E) drains blood from the popliteal vein, then empties that blood into the femoral vein Answer: A Page Ref: 376 Bloom's: 2) Comprehension 36) The umbilical vein carries ________. A) metabolic wastes and carbon dioxide from the fetus to the placenta B) metabolic wastes and carbon dioxide from the placenta to the fetus C) oxygen and nutrients from the fetus to the placenta D) oxygen and nutrients from the placenta to the fetus E) blood from the navel into the inferior vena cava Answer: D Page Ref: 380 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 37) Which fetal shunt bypasses the lungs by directly connecting the right atrium and the left atrium? A) ligamentum arteriosum B) umbilical vein C) foramen ovale D) ductus arteriosus E) ductus venosus Answer: C Page Ref: 380 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 38) Which one of the following areas is NOT a pressure point? A) renal artery B) radial artery C) facial artery D) dorsalis pedis artery E) posterior tibial artery Answer: A Page Ref: 382 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge


39) Which of the following vessels has the lowest blood pressure? A) veins B) capillaries C) venae cavae D) arteries E) arterioles Answer: C Page Ref: 383 Bloom's: 2) Comprehension

40) The friction blood encounters as it flows through the vessels is called ________. A) cardiac output B) stroke volume C) peripheral resistance D) blood pressure E) diastolic pressure Answer: C Page Ref: 384 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 41) What is the effect of parasympathetic nervous system control on the vascular system? A) little to no effect B) heart rate increases C) blood pressure increases D) vasoconstriction E) epinephrine release brings about many changes Answer: A Page Ref: 384 Bloom's: 2) Comprehension 42) Which of the following hormones promotes sodium ion reabsorption by the kidney in order to increase blood pressure and blood volume? A) glucagon B) thyroxine C) epinephrine D) aldosterone E) antidiuretic hormone Answer: D Page Ref: 386 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge


43) Which of the following is NOT a method or pathway of movement for substances traveling across a capillary wall? A) intercellular clefts B) diffusion C) endocytosis or exocytosis D) desmosomes E) fenestrated capillaries Answer: D Page Ref: 389 Bloom's: 3) Application 44) Substances tend to leave the bloodstream at the arterial end of the capillary because ________. A) the osmotic pressure of the blood is higher at the arterial end of the capillary B) the osmotic pressure of the blood is higher at the venule end of the capillary C) blood pressure is higher at the arterial end of the capillary D) blood pressure is higher at the venule end of the capillary E) interstitial pressure is higher at the arterial end of the capillary Answer: C Page Ref: 390 Bloom's: 2) Comprehension

45) Coronary artery disease results from ________. A) persistent parasympathetic nervous system stimulation of the heart B) the accumulation of fatty substances within blood vessels C) temporary loss of oxygen to the heart D) incompetent venous valves E) scar tissue in the myocardium of the heart from repeated myocardial infarctions Answer: B Page Ref: 392 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge


11.3 True/False Questions 1) The fibrous pericardium is superficial to the serous pericardium surrounding the heart. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 357 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 2) Blood is returned to the right side of the heart from the lungs. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 360 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 3) The chordae tendineae anchor the semilunar valves to the walls of the ventricles. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 361 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 4) The alternate name for the bicuspid valve is the mitral valve. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 361 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 5) The semilunar valves prevent the backflow of blood into the atria when the ventricles are contracting. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 362-363 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 6) The sinoatrial (SA) node is the pacemaker of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 365 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 7) During ventricular systole, blood is ejected from the ventricles through the large arteries connected to the heart. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 365 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

8) The heart sounds, "lub" and "dup," occur when the atria contract and subsequently when the ventricles contract. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 366 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge


9) The part of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart that directly supplies the walls of the ventricles is the Purkinje fibers. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 365 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 10) The QRS wave on an electrocardiogram is representative of ventricular repolarization. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 367 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 11) The average heart beats approximately 75 times each minute at rest. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 367 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 12) During ventricular diastole, the bicuspid and tricuspid (mitral)valves are closed. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 365-366 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 13) Cardiac output is the product of the stroke volume and the systolic blood pressure. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 367 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 14) Reductions in venous return cause reductions in both stroke volume and cardiac output. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 368 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 15) An increased firing of the parasympathetic nervous system causes increased cardiac output. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 368 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 16) Arteries branch into smaller vessels known as arterioles. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 370 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 17) Capillaries are composed only of tunica intima. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 372 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge


18) Exchanges between blood and tissue cells occur in capillary beds. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 372 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 19) When precapillary sphincters are closed, blood flows through the shunts and bypasses the tissue cells. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 372-373 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 20) The portion of the aorta in the abdominopelvic cavity is known as the thoracic aorta. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 373-374 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 21) The three branches of the aortic arch are the brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 374 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 22) The renal veins carry oxygen-rich blood to the kidneys. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 376 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 23) The common iliac vein drains blood into the inferior vena cava. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 376 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 24) The inferior vena cava returns blood to the heart from all body regions above the diaphragm. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 374, 376 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 25) The hepatic veins drain the blood from the liver and return it to the inferior vena cava. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 379 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 26) The cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) involves blood flow through the liver. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 376, 379 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge


27) The major vessels involved in hepatic portal circulation are the inferior and superior mesenteric arteries, the splenic artery, and the left gastric artery. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 379 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

28) The umbilical vein carries blood rich in nutrients and oxygen to the fetus. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 380 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 29) In fetal circulation, blood travels directly from the right atrium to the left atrium through the foramen ovale. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 380 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 30) Diastolic pressure is the blood pressure in the arteries at the peak of ventricular contraction. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 383 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 31) Blood pressure is highest in the arteries and declines to zero or negative pressure in the vena cavae. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 383 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 32) Hypotension is diastolic blood pressure below 100 mm Hg. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 386 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 33) Blood cells and proteins typically cannot pass across the walls of capillaries and are thus prevented from leaving or entering the capillaries. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 390 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge


11.4 Matching Questions Match the following: A) left ventricle B) left atrium C) right atrium D) right ventricle 1) Heart chamber with the thickest wall Page Ref: 360 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 2) Inferior discharging chamber on the left side of the heart Page Ref: 358 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 3) Heart chamber that pumps blood to the pulmonary trunk Page Ref: 360, 362 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 4) Heart chamber that contains the sinoatrial node Page Ref: 365 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 5) Roof of this chamber contains the bicuspid valve Page Ref: 362 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 6) The coronary sinus empties blood from cardiac circulation into this chamber Page Ref: 363 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 7) The four pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood to this chamber Page Ref: 360 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 8) The fossa ovalis is visible in this chamber Page Ref: 360, 380 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge Answers: 1) A 2) A 3) D 4) C 5) A 6) C 7) B 8) C


Match the following: A) T wave B) QRS wave C) P wave 9) Wave seen on an electrocardiogram (ECG) representing ventricular depolarization Page Ref: 367 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 10) Wave visible on the electrocardiogram (ECG) representing atrial depolarization Page Ref: 367 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 11) Wave visible on the electrocardiogram (ECG) representing ventricular repolarization Page Ref: 367 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 12) Wave on the electrocardiogram (ECG) that follows the firing of the sinoatrial (SA) node Page Ref: 367 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge Answers: 9) B 10) C 11) A 12) C


Match the following: A) systole B) diastole 13) Semilunar valves are forced open as pressure in the heart rises Page Ref: 365-366 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 14) Blood is ejected from the ventricles through the pulmonary trunk and aorta Page Ref: 365-366 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 15) Ventricular relaxation Page Ref: 365-366 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 16) Pressure in the heart is low Page Ref: 365-366 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 17) Atrioventricular (AV) valves shut as pressure in the heart rises Page Ref: 365-366 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 18) Ventricular contraction Page Ref: 365-366 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge Answers: 13) A 14) A 15) B 16) B 17) A 18) A


Match the following: A) capillaries B) arteries C) veins 19) These vessels carry blood away from the heart Page Ref: 370 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 20) These vessels return blood to the heart Page Ref: 370 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 21) Superior and inferior vena cava are classified as these types of vessels Page Ref: 374, 376 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 22) The aorta is classified as one of these vessels Page Ref: 373 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 23) These vessels have thicker walls and a heavier tunica media Page Ref: 371 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 24) Nutrient and gas exchange occur in these vessels Page Ref: 372 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 25) Blood pressure in these vessels is low or even negative Page Ref: 383 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 26) These vessels have thinner walls and transport oxygen-poor blood Page Ref: 360 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 27) Some of these larger vessels have valves to prevent backflow Page Ref: 372 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

28) Venules drain these tiny beds of vessels Page Ref: 372 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge Answers: 19) B 20) C 21) C 22) B 23) B 24) A 25) C 26) C 27) C 28) A


11.5 Essay Questions 1) Trace the path of a drop of blood, starting at the right atrium and returning to the right atrium, through the pulmonary and systemic circuits of the cardiovascular system. Identify the chambers, valves, and vessels (except specific systemic blood vessels that are not directly associated with the heart), and indicate whether the blood is oxygenated or deoxygenated in each area. Answer: Deoxygenated blood in the right atrium, deoxygenated blood through the pulmonary tricuspid valve, deoxygenated blood in the right ventricle, deoxygenated blood through the pulmonary semilunar valve, deoxygenated blood in the pulmonary trunk, deoxygenated blood in the right and left pulmonary arteries, deoxygenated blood in the pulmonary capillaries in the lungs, oxygenated blood in the pulmonary veins, oxygenated blood in the left atrium, oxygenated blood through the bicuspid (mitral) valve, oxygenated blood in the left ventricle, oxygenated blood through the aortic semilunar valve, oxygenated blood in the aorta, oxygenated blood in the systemic arteries, oxygenated blood in the systemic arterioles, oxygenated blood in the systemic capillaries, deoxygenated blood in the systemic venules, deoxygenated blood in the systemic veins, deoxygenated blood in the superior and inferior vena cava, deoxygenated blood in the right atrium. Page Ref: 358, 360 Bloom's: 2) Comprehension 2) Identify the five major parts of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart in their normal order, beginning with the pacemaker. Answer: Sinoatrial (SA) node in the right atrium, atrioventricular (AV) node at the junction of the atria and ventricles, atrioventricular (AV) bundle or bundle of His in the interventricular septum, right and left bundle branches in the interventricular septum, Purkinje fibers in the muscle of the ventricle walls. Page Ref: 364-365 Bloom's: 4) Analysis 3) Amanda is exercising and noticed her heart rate has nearly doubled from her resting heart rate of 68 beats per minute. Explain what effects her increased heart rate will have on cardiac output and stroke volume, if any. Answer: Cardiac output (CO) is the product of the heart rate (HR) and the stroke volume (SV). When heart rate increases, as is the case for Amanda since she is exercising, both stroke volume and cardiac output will also increase. Exercise is a physical factor that leads to these increases. Page Ref: 367, 368 Bloom's: 3) Application

4) Describe how arteries, capillaries and veins are structurally different. Answer: Arterial walls are thicker, heavier, stronger, and stretchy enough to handle expansion and recoil as blood under high pressure is transported. Veins have thinner walls; these vessels operate under low or even negative pressure. The lumens of veins are larger than those of corresponding arteries. Veins also have valves to prevent the backflow of blood. Capillaries are composed of only the tunica intima and are only one cell layer thick. Page Ref: 372 Bloom's: 4) Analysis


5) Explain the role of valves in heart functioning. Answer: Valves allow blood to flow in one direction through the heart chambers (from atria to ventricles) and out the two arteries leaving the heart. There are two types of valves found in the heart: 1. The atrioventricular, or AV, valves are located between the atrium and ventricle on each side of the heart. These valves prevent the backflow of blood into the atria when the heart contracts. In summary, these AV valves are open during heart relaxation and closed during heart contraction. 2. The semilunar valves guard the base of the two large arteries, aorta and pulmonary trunk, leaving the heart via the two ventricles. These valves close after blood has passed through the arteries on its way out of the heart. They prevent the backflow of blood into the ventricles from the arteries. In summary, these valves are closed during heart relaxation and open during heart contraction. Page Ref: 361 Bloom's: 2) Comprehension 6) Name two shunts that bypass the lungs in a fetus. Briefly explain the structures these shunts connect. Answer: 1. The foramen ovale is a opening between the right atrium and the left atrium of the fetal heart. Some of the blood entering the right atrium flows directly into the left atrium, bypassing pulmonary circulation. 2. The ductus arteriosus is a vessel connecting the pulmonary trunk and the aorta. Blood that happens to enter the right ventricle is pumped into the pulmonary trunk, supposedly on its way to the lungs. However, that blood is transported from the pulmonary trunk through ductus arteriosus into the aorta. Page Ref: 380 Bloom's: 2) Comprehension 7) Describe the two types of pressures controlling fluid movement in a capillary bed. Explain the role of each pressure in fluid movement. Answer: Blood pressure forces fluids and solutes out of capillaries while osmotic pressure pulls fluid back into capillaries. Osmotic pressure is created by plasma proteins in the blood. At the arterial end of the capillary, blood pressure is higher than osmotic pressure, so fluids and solutes are pushed out of the capillary and into the interstitial space. As fluid is forced out of the capillary, blood pressure drops. Therefore, at the venous end of the capillary, osmotic pressure is higher than blood pressure so fluid is pulled back into the capillary from the interstitial space at the venous end. Page Ref: 390 Bloom's: 2) Comprehension

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