UNESCO House Jl. Galuh (II) No. 5,

Jakarta 12110, Indonesia Tél. : +62-21 739 9818

Fax : +62-21 7279 6489 e-mail: jakarta@unesco.org

www.unesco.org/jakarta

UNESCO Office, Jakarta Regional Science Bureau for Asia and the Pacific Office of the UNESCO Representative to Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Timor-Leste

ESTABLISHING A COMMUNITY BASED POIs IN THE HIGH-RISK COMMUNITIES TO FLOODING IN JAKARTA

I. BACKGROUND

Disaster is something that can not be avoided, but the risk and losses can be reduced. Disaster risk reduction can be achieved by improving the capacity of the communities. By improving the capacity, disaster will keep coming, but the communities will be better prepared and empowered to cope with flood. Jakarta, a big city located on the northwest coast of Java, is the economical, political and cultural capital of Indonesia. The Metropolitan area, Jabodetabek, is the 6th largest metropolitan area in the world with a little under 20 million people where about 9 million people live in Jakarta. Every year floods occur in Jakarta. Widespread flooding occurred in 1996, 2002 and 2007, inundating up to 40% of the city. Increasing population pressure and subsidence (10 cm/year or more) of areas already under Mean Sea Level (MSL) lead to an autonomous increase of flood risk. The most recent big floods in Jakarta occurred on January 2013, which affected more than a half million inhabitants in Jakarta and caused more than US$2 billion worth of damages and losses. Picture 1 shows condition about flooding on January 2013 (dark blue) compare with flooding on 2007 (light blue) and condition about landsubsidence in Jakarta

One of flood prone area in Jakarta is Pluit District that located in North Jakarta. Pluit is a lowland area in north Greater Jakarta which directly conterminous with Java Sea. This area is located in Penjaringan Subdistrict, North Jakarta, through by 13 rivers with clay texture of soil. High density of settlements, excessive extraction of ground water and sea water waves tide cause tidal flood and another flood problems in Pluit increasingly complicated. This flood impacts all infrastructure in the surrounding, for example schools, office, factories, market, hospital, mosque, and other public infrastructure. While flood disrupts education infrastructure, the Teaching and Learning Activities (KBM) will disturbed as well as flooding disrupts economic activities, office avtivities, and also trading activities. In this case, the introduction of the characteristics of the flood (including the deep of flood, duration, and frequently), evacuation center, evacuation routes, danger area is needed for the Pluit communities and high school students in seeking for the secure area and get the best solutions for minimimum losing.

In line with World Map UNESCO PoI project that aims to increase communities awareness, capacity, and preparedness while reducing the risk of disasters through community empowerment; Indonesia, as one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world, carrying out projects related to POI flood management project entitled "Establishment of Community based POIs in the High Risk Communities to Flooding in Jakarta". This pilot project has been undertaken in Pluit, North Jakarta which has main goals to increase the capacity, preparedness, and rapid response at the community level related flooding attack. The methodology that has been implemented in this project is participatory mapping exercise using the OpenStreetMap (OSM), a freely and opensource software through participatory mapping activities.

II. ACTIVITIES 1. Need Assessment and Preliminary Survey

The project team actively interfaced with the local government and local communities to increase the impact and effectiveness of this project and to carry preliminary survey and needs assessment with key stakeholders. These activities were aimed at analising knowledge gaps of the potential training candidates and methodologies for sharing knowledge and tools with local communities. Based on the need assessment and preliminary survey, the training will be conducted in Pluit Village Office and Vocational High School. There are several kind of training materials that need to be delivered for training participants, for example

- 2 -

- Discussion and sharing information about Flood on January 2013 - Description, function, and example about Point of Interest - Introduction about OpenStreetMap software - Deep discussion about basic computer operation, browser, internet, and email - Theory on how to using GPS and Field paper as field survey tool - Introduction about Photovoice and Crowdmap

Maps of Flooding and Land Subsidence in Jakarta year 2003 and 2007

- 3 -

2. Point of Interest Training with Pluit Communities UNESCO Office Jakarta carried out a POI Training in Pluit Area which included 29 participants covering Muara Karang, Muara Angke, and Pluit Areas. The training was conducted from 25 September 2013 – 2 October 2013. This training consisted of 2 indoor sessions and 1 outdoor session and was facilitated by Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team (HOT). The participants of this training came from local communities, staffs from local government, and youth organizations. As results from outdoor session, 161 points of interest were collected for flood management, for example Common Kitchen, Government Offices, Place of Worship, Evacuation Point, Evacuation Route, Watermill, School, Water Disposal, Embankment, Hospital, Torrent, Inundation Area/Point, Hydrant, Townhall, Market place, Fire Station, and Police Station. At the end of the training, participants were able to create and update OpenSteetMap, using GPS, and using Java OpenStreetMap (JOSM) as data editor. This training also gave an introduction about Photovoice and crowdmap to build skills for marginalised communities using participatory photography, so they have the opportunity to represent themselves to the world.

Field Survey by Pluit Communities on 27 - 29 September 2013

Input data from field survey activities and Editing data using Java OpenStreetMap (JOSM)

- 4 -

Several POI's in Pluit Area that plotted in OpenStreetMap website

OpenStreetMap website as one of the Point of Interest training results

Another kind of POI's were collected on Data Validation process

- 5 -

3. Point of Interest training in 56 Vocational High School (SMK N 56)

The second training has been implemented in SMKN 56 Pluit, North Jakarta. The participants are 31 students of class X Multimedia from the school. This training had been conducted for 3 days which consist of 2 indoors training sessions and 1 outdoor training session and facilitated by Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team (HOT). The kind of points of interest that had been collected in this training is 81 points such as Water Pump Houses, Electrical Sub station, Schools, Hospitals/Clinics, Common Kitchen, Evacuation Sites, Place of Worship, Sports Center, Government Offices, Disposal, Market Place, Floodgate, Torrent, inundation Area/Point, Police Station, and Flat. One of the flood prone areas in Jakarta is Pluit, North Jakarta. This region was the location of the POI training, especially around Pluit Reservoir with participants from the students of SMKN 56 Pluit. This training aims to introduce to students and apply participatory mapping using OpenStreetMap and Photovoice, increase student preparedness for flood events that often occurs in Pluit Area, increase student interaction with the community to work together to reduce the risk of flooding, and to map the flood prone points (POI) in Pluit Areas.

The series of activities in this training consists of the delivery of training in presentation session, practice materials to the participants, field surveys to implement the materials that have been delivered previously in the room, discussion of training materials, a test before and after training to measure the ability of the participants, as well as competition between groups. Training materials was delivered by the trainers such as flood-related materials, description of POI, introduction to OpenStreetMap and installation of Java OpenStreetMap (JOSM), Photovoice method, and how to use GPS and Field papers for filed survey.

- 6 -

POI's training activities in Vocational High School on 8 - 10 October 2013

Preview of several POI's by high school students

- 7 -

4. Point of Interest Workshop in Pluit Office In order to disseminate the training result, we have already conducted Point of Interest

workshop in Pluit Office. The participants comes from Pluit communities, Pluit Office staffs, civil service police force (satpol PP), 56 Vocational High School Students, and Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team (HOT). Point of Interest workshop officially opened by Depika Romadi as Deputy Head of Pluit Area, North Jakarta while presentation of UNESCO was presented by Nina Marlena. A brief explanation was presented on the following aspect i.e. Unesco Office Jakarta activities, World Map POI in Kibera, El Savador, and Kenya, and also POI training background and purposes. Second presentation was presented by Elida and Vasanthie, HOT Trainers for Pluit Communities and Vocational High School students which explained about the result of need assessment survey, training activities, data validation, and outcomes from POI training. In other session, the participant from Pluit communities, Mr. Awid Subroto and Mr. Yudianto demonstrated about OpenStreetMap software including input data process, editing data and uploading data into openstreetmap website. Another demonstration was presented by 56 Vocational High School students, they are Dhea Putri, Kintani, Hermawan Ghozali, Andi Tibia and Faiz which gave a brief explanation about crowdmapping and photovoicing result.

Point of Interest Workshop in Pluit Village

- 8 -

III. RESULT There are 5 main outputs for point of interest training, they are : 1. Point of Interest maps which consist of 3 maps. They are :

a. POI Map in Pluit Area (Muara Karang, Muara Angke and Pluit coverage). This map was produced by Pluit communities while conducting POI training. Based on above

picture, we can conclude that 8 neighborhoods (RW) was inundated by flood on January 2013 in varied high level. The most shallow area can be found on RW 20 with the high level of flooding around 0 - 0.5 m and the deepest one could be found in RW 05 (more than 2 m high level) where as the location is very close with the sea.

Pictures 10. Preview of Crowdmap of SMK 56 Pluit Jakarta (56 Vocational High School Jakarta)

- 9 -

Map of POI's Distribution in Pluit Area

- 10 -

b. POI Map in Tanah Pasir, Penjaringan Area This map was produced by 56 Vocational High School Students while conducting POI training on 8 -

10 October 2013. Based on this picture, we assume that 7 neighborhoods (RW) was inundated by flood on January 2013 in varied high level. The most shallow area can be found on RW 6, 8, 9, 10, 12 with the high level of flooding is about 0.3 - 0.7 m and the deepest on RW 7 and RW 11 is about 1.15 - 1.57 m.

c. POI Map in Muara Baru, Penjaringan Area This map was produced by 56 Vocational High School Students while conducting POI training on 8

- 10 October 2013. Based on picture 12, we can conclude that 2 neighborhoods (RW) was inundated by flood on January 2013 in varied high level. The most shallow area the deepest area was RW 17 which the high level around 0.3 - 2 m

Map of POI's Distribution in Tanah Pasir, Penjaringan Area

- 11 -

2. OpenStreetMap training materials 3. Crowdmapping for Pluit communities which can be see on www.openstreetmap.or.id/banjirpluit 4. Crowdmapping for Vocational High School Students which can be see on www.openstreetmap.or.id/smk56 5. Photovoicing Result

Map of POI Distribution in Muara Baru, Penjaringan Area

- 12 -

IV. OUTCOMES 1. The Pluit Communities and related stakeholders have been able to build community-owned-knowledge

through free and open digital map.The new open-source map of Pluit will be regularly updated to become a

community information tool which ordinary people could update using the real-time data easily and freely

particularly on flooding. The kind of point of interest that will be mapped consist of evacuation points, track

of evacuation, torrent, inundation areas, common kitchen, shelters, hosptal, etc.

2. Through this training, individual participant’s knowledge has been strengthened about mapping tools and

mapping techniques, for example in handling and of operating of GPS feature of smart phones which can

be used with social media for disaster risk reduction.

3. Monitoring of development of comunities PoI map has enabled the local community to develop local

knowledge and skills to get the real time information about floods.

4. Utmost importance for the people regarding natural disaster is “information”. Information to be

disseminated has to be fast or real-time, complete or through, accurate and unambiguous, and relevant

(right time and place). The another outcomes of this training is an ability to dissemination of information as

soon as possible to the communities

V. CHALLENGES There are several challenges while implementing this Point of Interest (PoI) concepts and training, for example :

1. Lack of knowledge of local communities about computers and internet tools

2. Lack of knowledge about mapping technology for example satellite imagery on how to use GPS

3. Economic gaps between slum area and elite settlement in the north of Pluit Area leading to lack of

infrastructure to manage floods.