establishing an oyster shell recycling program in new ...€¦ · a major obstacle for oyster...

Final Report

Establishing an Oyster Shell Recycling Program in New Hampshire

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UNH OYSTER SHELL RECYCLING PROGRAM

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Submitted to University ofNew Hampshire VPRIPS Office

Date September 28 2006

j UlIVERSITY of Nrw llAMSlllR[ COOPERATIVE EXTENSION

NewHampshire

bull Project Title Establishing an Oyster Shell Recycling

Program in New Hampshire

Project leader

Co-project leader(s)

Submitted to

Date

Kenneth J La Valley UNH-CEINH Sea Grant 131 Main St 219 Nesmith Hall Durham NH 03824 Tel (603) 862-4343 Fax (603) 862-0107

Raymond Grizzle Zoology DeptJackson Estuarine Lab 16 Pendexter Rd Madbury NH 03823

Jennifer Greene Zoology DeptJackson Estuarine Lab 3 8 College Rd Spaulding Hall Rm G4 7 Durham NH 03 824

University ofNew Hampshire VPRPS Office

September 28 2006

Summary

A major obstacle for oyster restoration projects is the shortage of native oyster shell or cultch that can be used for remote setting of hatchery-reared larvae There are potential shell resources outside of NH but introducing shell from outside NH waters may represent a significant exotic species introduction risk To address the limited availability of oyster shell during the summer of 2006 an Oyster Shell Recycling Program was initiated for the Great Bay Estuary region To minimize the risk of introducing nonshynative species andor pathogens adhered to collected shell into the estuarine system a HACCP based preventative mitigation strategy was developed project investigators and approved by the NH Fish and Game Department The HACCP program was used to identify potential hazards or critical control points during the shell donation process and assign preventative measures that would stop the introduction of shellfish pathogens or exotic species to NH estuaries In little more than three weeks 13 bushels of oyster shell have been donated by community participants Abstracts have been submitted to highlight the program as well as discuss the HACCP approach to diseaseexotics importation mitigation to both the International Conference on Shellfish Restoration and the World Aquaculture SocietyNational Shellfisheries Association Annual Meeting

Rationale

Populations of the eastern oyster ( Crassostrea virginica) have been in long-term decline throughout much of its range including New Hampshire Once abundant populations in the Pisiataqua River and Great Bay Estuary were virtually eliminated in the mid 1990s from an epizootic of the shellfish pathogen MSX Following the mass mortality event individual efforts by UNH NH Fish and Game and private shellfish processors in Southern Maine have worked to understand the underlying causes of oyster disease outbreaks and to rebuild the once abundance oyster resource with native and disease resistant strains middot

A major obstacle for these resource restoration projects is the shortage of native oyster shell that can be used for remote setting of hatchery-reared larvae Remote setting is a process in which oyster larvae set or cement themselves on a clean shell source or cultch under controlled conditions After setting larvae undergo a metamorphosis into their adult form Seeded shell can then be transferred to historically active oyster beds in an effort to rebuild the native resource There are potential shell resources outside ofNH but the science and regulatory communities have learned that introducing shell from outside NH waters represents a significant exotic species introduction risk

The overall goal of the project was to supply Great Bay Estuary oyster restoration projects with a continual source of native oyster shell by implementing a shell recycling program The scholarly objectives were to continue oyster restoration projects within the Great Bay Estuary with the acquired native shell source and present restoration project results to coastal communities within NH and Southern Maine in an effort to increase public awareness and support of local shellfish resources

Report Establishing an Oyster Shell Recycling Program - I - University of New Hampshire September 2006

Project Objectives and Results

Specific Project Objectives

The specific objectives required to implement a shell recycling program were as follows

1shy Obtain a trailer and construct abin to be used for collection and transport of shell 2shy Determine appropriate locations for shell return storage and final processing 3shy Develop a protocol that insures no introduction of undesirable materials to State

waters in conjunction with the NH Fish and Game Department 4shy Create a public outreach and awareness campaign (flyers signage etc) involve

NH oyster harvesters in all aspects ofthe program 5shy Initiate the program (install trailer prepare holding facilities and processing area) 6shy Develop a plan for long-term funding of the program

Objective 1 (obtain trailer) was accomplished by direct purchase fiom a local supplier with added costs ofsome modfications to construct appropriate bin for holding shells

A Pequea utility trailer (model 610R) was purchased for $1600 from The Trailer Place of New England in Kingston NH The trailer was modified slightly by the company to accommodate the needs of this project by adding a higher railing Eight 48-gallon industrial trash bins were purchased and loaded onto the trailer to hold the different types of shell Bins were clearly labeled as NHGreat Bay Wild Harvest GrocerySeafood Market and Restaurant (See Fig 1)

Figure 1 Shell Recycling Donation Trailer

Repon Establishing an Oyster Shell Recycling Program - 2 - University ofNew Hampshire September 2006

Objective 2 (Determine appropriate locations) Working with NH Fish amp Game and the NH Estuaries Project potential sites were discussed for shell collection storage and final processing This task was a joint effort by Dr Raymond Grizzle (UNHJEL Zoology Dept) Jennifer Greene (UNH Research Assistant) Bruce Smith (NH Fish amp Game) and Jennifer Hunter (NHEP)

The oyster shell recycling center is located on NH Fish and Gaine property near Jackson Estuarine Laboratory It is in an easily accessible parking lot near the public boat launch (see Fig 2) Additional fish totes have been labeled and placed at the end of the JEL causeway to accommodate harvesters who arrive with NHGreat Bay oyster shell by boat After donation oyster shell will be stored and quarantined at UNHs Kingman Farm in conjunction with the recycling and composting area already in place The area is currently being fenced into labeled sections for depositing the different types of shell

Objective 3 (Exotic Species Mitigation Strategy) Develop a protocol that insures no introduction of undesirable materials to State waters in conjunction with the NH Fish and Game Department This task was the primaJy responsibility ofDr La Valley who worked cooperatively with Bob Smith fiwn NH Fish and Game

Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points or HACCP is a science-based system that examines and isolates possible hazards and sets limits or critical control points within which the food is safe and the quality has been maintained The approach is focused on preventative measures rather than responsive Resulting from the epizootics of the oyster pathogens MSX and Dermo inter-state

Figure 2 Oyster Shell Collection Site importation requirements have become increasingly conservative

This conservative regulatory environment has particularly hindered oyster habitat restoration efforts in the Northeast US Sources of oyster shell the preferred settlement structure for juvenile oysters is difficult to obtain in locations such as New Hainpshire without a commercial oyster industry We found that the recreational harvesting community was more than willing to collect and donate their shell to support habitat rehabilitation efforts The critical objective of the project was to develop a preventative

Report Establishing an Oyster Shell Recycling Program - 3 - University of New Hampshire September 2006

NEWINGTON

bull___ _ GREENLAND --_

strategy to mitigate exotic species introductions that would be acceptable to NH regulators Working with NH Fish and Game Dr La Valley applied a HACCP based approach to exotic species and pathogen importation mitigation to design an oyster shell recycling program that would allow recreational fishermen local seafood markets and restaurants to donate shell for habitat restoration efforts

HAZARD The HACCP program was used i--i--i to identify potential hazards or critical control points during the Shell Source Residual Organic Unknown

R~~~~~~~ids~~~Oiigt Matter on Shell Shell Source shell donation process andI 1______1 assign preventative measures that CRITICAL LIMIT would stop the introduction ofi + shellfish pathogens or exotic

Air quarantine for Shell free from Shell source species to NH estuaries Tominimum 60 days residual organic will be categorized matter by staff develop preventative measures in

______1______1 response to significant hazards

CORRECTIVE ACTION critical limits were developedt For example recent research Shell will be Quarantined In If unable to indicates that quarantine of shell

air quaratined sea water for categorize assume until 60 days can 10 days prior unkown and air for about 1 month dramatically be documented to air storage quarantine for reduces the risk of spreading

60 days Dermo Such critical limits were VERIFICATION used to identify what would be

t~---bull monitored the procedure for Record review Record review Weekly review monitoring and the frequency

(2xwk) (2xwk) and monthly Examples included oyster shell and monthly and monthly report to source and condition (aged

report to report to NH FampG NH FampG NH FampG clean or orgamc matter

present) Figure 3 Overview of HACCP plan for Oyster Shell Recycling

By categorizing the source and condition of shell mitigation processes (ie shell origin reporting quarantine events andor seawater storage) could be perfonned based on the risk associated with a particular category of shell source (Fig 3) The Successful implementation of this shell recycling program will have broad impacts on the future of the oyster reef restoration program in NH as well as connect our restoration efforts to the local community

Objective 4 (Awareness and Outreach Campaign) was completed by mailing(s) to oyster license holders posted notices at local stores that sell licenses and construction ofsigns placed at shell collection sites This objective was a cooperative effort between Jennifer Greene from Dr Grizzle s lab and Dr La Valley from NH Sea Grant

To notify licensed oyster harvesters about this new project a post card informational mailing was sent out to over six-hundred people (Figure 4) In addition to the mailing


Notices were posted at locations where harvesters routinely park or launch their boats In collaboration with NH Fish and Game we are currently in the process of making a pamphlet which will be available to people when they apply for their license Additionally contact has been made with some influential local oystermen in order to reach individuals who normally may not be targeted by the surveys or mailings

From July through September several opportunities were available to discuss oyster reef rehabilitation oyster biology and to highlight the oyster shell recycling program to community groups in an academic setting and to UNH campus organizations More than 100 individuals attended these programs and the breakdown of presentations by group date and attendance is described in Table 1

Toole of Discussion Date Reason Number of Peoole Oyster Shell Recycling Julv 3-14 2006 Site Assessments - Ovster Conservationist Program 20 Ovster Shell Recvclina Julv 19 2006 St Pauls Advanced Hiah School Studv Summer Biolnav Class 15 Oyster Shell Recyclino July 20 2006 Trainino Session - Ovster Conservationist Program 23 Ovster Shell Recvclino Julv 24 2006 Proiect Smart - hiah school studentsteachers 11 Oyster Shell Recycling July 25 2007 Great Bay Discoverv Cruise 30 Oyster Shell Recvclina Seotember 13 2006 Presentation to UNH counselina service 30

Total Participants 129

Table 1 OutreachEducational Workshops

Media was also used as a venue to increase regional public awareness of the Shell Recycling Program For example the Boston Globe published a feature story in the Globe North section entitled Scientists want you to save those shells which has provided more exposure for the project (see appendix) Presentations are currently scheduled at the International Conference on Shellfish Restoration (outreach focus) and the World Aquaculture SocietyNational Shellfisheries Association Annual Meeting (technology transferHAACP focus) See appendix for attached abstracts

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Figure 4 Post-card informational mailing

as time goes on Additionally a log book has

Objective 5 (Initiate Program) was accomplished by making final arrangements for collection and storage of shell and installation of trailer at collection facility This objective was a team effort between all participants and managed by Jennifer Greene

As of September 1 2006 the shell recycling area is open and is receiving oyster shells After only 3 weeks approximately 13 bushels of Great Bay oyster shell have been collected and we anticipate increased participation

been attached to the trailer for oysterrnenwomen to record the amount of shell donated origin of shell and location that

Report Establishing an Oyster Shell Recycling Program - 5 - University ofNew Hampshire September 2006

the shells were harvested from in Great Bay This provides NH Fish and Game with further information about which areas are harvested routinely and complies with the HACCP species introduction mitigation program

Objective 6 (Long-term Funding) will be secured initially by incorporation of the costs into existing grants that already have funds for obtaining shell Longer-term needs will be written into grant proposals that are in progress or planned Continued external funding efforts will be cooperatively pursued by both Dr Grizzle and Dr La Valley

Development funds ($53K) were secured from NH Sea Grant to cover costs for combining the shell recycling program with a recently initiated oyster conservationist program that relies on citizen volunteers The recycled shell will eventually be used to provide the cultch material for the juvenile oysters that are raised by the oyster conservationists Together the two programs represent important outreach components in the overall oyster restoration program Additional proposals will be prepared as opportunities arise to secure and increase funding for the shell recycling (and oyster conservationist) program Even at this early stage the present project has generated an extraordinary amount of interest from the public


Appendix


APPLYING HACCP TECHNOLOGIES TO EASTERN OYSTER Crassostrea virginica HABITAT RESTORATION IN NEW HAMPSHIRE

Jennifer Greene Ken La Valley and Ray Grizzle University ofNew Hampshire Zoology Department Durham NI-I 03824 je1mgreeneunhedu

Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points or HACCP is a science-based system that examines and isolates possible hazards and sets limits or critical control points within which the food is safe and the quality has been maintained The approach is focused on preventative measures rather than responsive Resulting from the epizootics of the oyster pathogens MSX and Dermo inter-state importation requirements have become increasingly conservative This conservative regulatory environment has particularly hindered oyster habitat restorat ion efforts in the Northeast US Sources of oyster shell the preferred settlement structure for juvenile oysters is difficult to obtain in locations without a commercial oyster industry Working with NH Fish and Game UNI-I scientists applied a HACCP based approach to exotic species and pathogen importation mitigation to design an oyster shell recycling program that would allow recreational fishermen local seafood markets and restaurants to donate shell for habitat restoration efforts

The HACCP program was used to identify potential hazards or critical control points during the shell donation process and assign preventative measures that would stop the introduction of shellfish pathogens or exotic species to NH estuaries To develop preventative measures in response to significant hazards critical limits were developed For example recent research indicates that quarantine of shell for about 1 month dramatically reduces the risk of spreading Dermo Such critical limits were used to identify what would be monitored the procedure for monitoring and the frequency Examples included oyster shell source and condition (aged clean or organic matter present) By categonzmg the source and condition of shell mitigation processes (ie shell origin reporting quarantine events andor seawater storage) could be performed based on the risk associated with a particular category of shell source (fig 1 ) The Successful implementation of this shell recycling program will have broad impacts on the future of the oyster reef restoration program in NH as well as connect our restoration efforts to the local community

Figure I Overview of HACCP plan for oyster shell recycling

HAZARD

t Shell Source Residual Organic Unknown

~~~~~~~~~~middot~~~ Matter ori Shell Shell Source 1 I I

CRITICAL LIMIT

i i Air quarantine for Shell free from Shell source minimum 60 days residual organic will be categorized

matter by staff I I

CORRECTIVE ACTION

t i Shell will be Quarantined in If unable to

air quaratined sea water for categorize assume until 60 days can 10 days prior unkown and air be documented to air storage quarantine for

60 daysI I

VERIFICATION

Record review Record review Weekly reviewbull t bull(2xwk) (2xwk) and monthly and monthly and monthly report to

report to report to NH FampG NH FampG NH FampG

World Aquaculture SocietyNational Shellfisheries Association Aimual Meeting February 26 - March 7 2007 San Antonio TX

DEVELOPING PARTNERSHIPS WITH LOCAL COMMUNITY MEMBERS TO ENCOURAGE PARTICIPATION IN OYSTER RESTORATION PROJECTS

Jennifer Greene Ray Grizzle Jay Odell Ken La Valley

University of New Hampshire Zoology Department Durham NH 03 824 jenngreeneunhedu

The eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) plays an important economic and ecological role in the Great Bay estuary (NH) There have been dramatic declines in oyster densities and reef acreage since mid- l 990s when the first MSX epizootic occurred While UNH researchers and federal regulatory agencies are actively involved with the resource local community members have had little chance for participation Therefore in combination with our ongoing reef restoration projects we have instituted two new community outreach programs involving oyster reef restoration in New Hampshire oyster shell recycling and an oyster conservationist program Recreational harvesters are allowed to remove a bushel of oysters per day in New Hampshire The oyster shell recycling program allows harvesters to return their shell to a central location for use in remote setting of native oyster larvae This will allow us to use local shell as substrate for future reef restoration projects and minimize the amount of shell going to local landfills The oyster conservationist program involves providing local dock owners with naturally set oyster spat in cages and allowing them to care for the oysters until they are ready for transplant at one of our restoration sites Volunteers at 16 sites around Great Bay and its tributaries monitor the growth of the oyster spat and provide helpful observations from areas not usually sampled Overall both projects connect the local community with a marine resource that many people utilize and allow them to become an active participant in the restoration process

International Conference on Shellfish Restoration November 15-19 2006 Charleston SC

Scientists want you to save those oyster shells UNH program is using discards to help regenerate population in Great Bay

ByTim Wacker discarded shells they may have to the GLOBE CORRESPONDENT states first oyster shell recycling censhy

DURHAM NH - Along with ter which opened Labor Day weekend plastic cardboard glass and paper outside the universitys Jackson Estushyarea residents can now ~ arine Laboratory in

__add oyster shells to their middot Durham list of recyclables In the past a lot of

The shells are being these shells were just collected for reuse in a brought to the dump program involving citishy which is not good zens and scientists intershy said Jenn Greene who ested in returning oysshy runs the recycling proshyters to the Great Bay gram Its very imporshySince 1993 the areas oysshy tant that we use the reshyter population has deshy cycled shells as a clined by 95 percent so substrate to grow the the University of New baby oyster on at the Hampshire and the state lab Thats what chapter of the Nature they attach to normal-

Greene with a handful ofConservancy this sumshy lyoysters that are growingmer sought out public The discardedat the Jackson Labshelp to bring the molshy shells literally form the

lusks back base of a program to Residents commercial shellfishershy rebuild the oyster population in the

PHOTOS BY MARK WILSONGLOBE STAFF men restaurants and seafood marshy Great Bay to what it once was centushyUNH researchers Jenn Greene (left) and Holly Abeels cover a raft offarmedoysters kets are being asked to bring in any OYSTER SHELLS 1

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THURSDAY SlPTEMDFR H ZOCl6 TH E B 0 s TON GI 0 ll E Globe North 11

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bull Project Title Establishing an Oyster Shell Recycling

Program in New Hampshire

Project leader

Co-project leader(s)

Submitted to

Date

Kenneth J La Valley UNH-CEINH Sea Grant 131 Main St 219 Nesmith Hall Durham NH 03824 Tel (603) 862-4343 Fax (603) 862-0107

Raymond Grizzle Zoology DeptJackson Estuarine Lab 16 Pendexter Rd Madbury NH 03823

Jennifer Greene Zoology DeptJackson Estuarine Lab 3 8 College Rd Spaulding Hall Rm G4 7 Durham NH 03 824

University ofNew Hampshire VPRPS Office

September 28 2006

Summary


Rationale






















NEWINGTON








































Appendix







HAZARD



CRITICAL LIMIT


matter by staff I I

CORRECTIVE ACTION



60 daysI I

VERIFICATION
















PHOTOS BY MARK WILSONGLOBE STAFF men restaurants and seafood marshy Great Bay to what it once was centushyUNH researchers Jenn Greene (left) and Holly Abeels cover a raft offarmedoysters kets are being asked to bring in any OYSTER SHELLS Page 11

-~


























Summary


Rationale






















NEWINGTON








































Appendix







HAZARD



CRITICAL LIMIT


matter by staff I I

CORRECTIVE ACTION



60 daysI I

VERIFICATION

















-~











































NEWINGTON








































Appendix







HAZARD



CRITICAL LIMIT


matter by staff I I

CORRECTIVE ACTION



60 daysI I

VERIFICATION

















-~
































































Appendix







HAZARD



CRITICAL LIMIT


matter by staff I I

CORRECTIVE ACTION



60 daysI I

VERIFICATION

















-~































HAZARD



CRITICAL LIMIT


matter by staff I I

CORRECTIVE ACTION



60 daysI I

VERIFICATION

















-~






































PHOTOS BY MARK WILSONGLOBE STAFF men restaurants and seafood marshy Great Bay to what it once was centushyUNH researchers Jenn Greene (left) and Holly Abeels cover a raft offarmedoysters kets are being asked to bring in any OYSTER SHELLS

-~


































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establishing an oyster shell recycling program in new ...€¦ · a major obstacle for oyster...

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