estimating highway pavement damage costs attributed to truck traffic yong bai, ph.d., p.e., f.asce...
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Estimating Highway Pavement Damage Costs Attributed to
Truck Traffic
Yong Bai, Ph.D., P.E., F.ASCE
Associate ProfessorDept. of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering
The University of Kansas
Disclaimer The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the information presented
herein. This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation
University Transportation Centers Program, in the interest of information exchange. The U.S.
Government assumes no liability for the contents or use thereof.
Objectives
• Determine truck vehicle miles traveled (VMT) associated with processed beef and related industries in southwest Kansas.
• Understand the models used to estimate the pavement damage costs.
• Understand the limitations of current models used to estimate the pavement damage costs.
Introduction
• Kansas is one of the leaders in meat production in the United States.
• Traditionally, processed meat, meat byproducts, grain, and other related products are transported primarily using heavy trucks.
• The industries will continue to grow and there will be more trucks on highways transporting meat and meat-related products.
Project Goal
• To estimate the pavement damage cost attributed to the truck traffic associated with the processed meat and related industries in southwest Kansas.
Project Scope
• US Highway 50/400 between Garden City and Dodge City in Kansas (41.13 miles)
• 24 counties in southwest Kansas
Benefits
• Select cost-effective transportation modes for the meat processing and related industries
• Assess highway maintenance needs and set up maintenance priorities
• Determine reasonable user costs
Data Collection
• Truck Characteristics and Type
• Pavement Characteristics Data
• Pavement Maintenance Cost Data
Truck Characteristics & Type
• Gross vehicle weight (GVW)
• Selected truck type and axle configuration
Pavement Data
• Pavement type, length, and structure
• Structural number for flexible pavement (SN) or thickness for rigid pavement (d)
• Initial present serviceability rating (PSRI)
Pavement Data
• Terminal present serviceability rating (PSRT)
• Pavement maximum feasible life in years (L)
• Typical pavement performance (t)
Pavement DataNo. Beginning Point Ending Point Length Type
PS 1 1.4km E Garden City ECoL Finney 10.13 miles Flexible
PS 2 WCoL Gray WCL Cimarron 18.14 miles Flexible
PS 3 ECL Cimarron ECoL Gray 4.29 miles Flexible
PS 4 WCoL Ford Jct. US-50/US-400 8.57 miles Composite
Pavement Maintenance Data
Pave. Seg.No.
Maintenance Cost Data
Year Project Total Cost
PS 1 2005 K-6374-01 $15,908,221
PS 2 1985 K-1764-01 $3,074,770
1997 K-6190-01 $999,522
2004 K-9324-01 $1,653,059
PS 3 1992 K-4038-01 $1,685,548
2001 K-8146-01 $746,771
PS 4 1981 K-1228-01 $3,595,654
1989 K-3643-01 $272,433
1992 K-4039-01 $627,261
1992 K-4609-01 $448,390
2001 K-8145-01 $220,173
2003 K-8145-02 $1,730,826
Maintenance Cost in 2007 Dollar Value
Pavement Segment Maintenance Costs
No. Descriptions Year Project Previous Dollar *2007 Dollar
PS 1US-50 Finney Co. East of Garden City to the ECL (10.13 miles)
2005 K-6374-01 $15,908,221 $16,887,032
PS 2US-50 Gary County from the WCL to Cimarron (18.14 miles)
1985 K-1764-01 $3,074,770 $5,891,577
1997 K-6190-01 $999,522 $1,343,274
2004 K-9324-01 $1,653,059 $1,806,342
PS 3US-50 in Gray Co. from Cimarron to the ECL (4.29 miles)
1992 K-4038-01 $1,685,548 $2,626,029
2001 K-8146-01 $746,771 $891,684
PS 4US-50 in Ford Co. from the WCL east to US-400 (8.57 miles)
1981 K-1228-01 $3,595,654 $7,754,356
1989 K-3643-01 $272,433 $463,799
1992 K-4039-01 $627,261 $977,252
1992 K-4609-01 $448,390 $698,577
2001 K-8145-01 $220,173 $262,898
2003 K-8145-02 $1,730,826 $1,948,060
* Interest Rate r = 3%
Truck VMT Associated with Processed Truck VMT Associated with Processed Meat & Related IndustriesMeat & Related Industries
Feed Grain
Feeder Cattle
Feed Yards
Meat Processing Plants
Byproducts to U.S. Final Destinations
Meat to U.S. Customers
Meat to Export Customers
Truck VMT Associated with Processed Truck VMT Associated with Processed Meat & Related IndustriesMeat & Related Industries
Truck VMT Associated with Processed Meat & Related Industries
• Travel path estimation assumptionsA county centroid
oAggregation of the feed yardsoMust be located on a highway
TransCAD travel path analysisoLeast distance and cost criteriaoGiving priority to the state highway
system which provides better serviceability
Truck VMT Associated with Processed Truck VMT Associated with Processed Meat & Related IndustriesMeat & Related Industries
Centroids and major highways in 24 counties
Truck VMT Associated with Processed Truck VMT Associated with Processed Meat & Related IndustriesMeat & Related Industries
Pavement Segment No.
Total AnnualTruckloads
Total Daily Truckloads
Total Annual Truck VMTs
Total Daily Truck VMTs
PS 1 111,078 304 1,125,220 3,083
PS 2 111,078 304 2,014,954 5,520
PS 3 112,954 309 484,564 1,328
PS 4 112,954 309 968,012 2,652
Highway Damage Cost Analysis
Highway Damage Cost Analysis
$60,000
$65,000
$70,000
$75,000
$80,000
$85,000
$90,000
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Year
Pav
emen
t Dam
age
Cos
ts10% Industry Growth 20% Industry Growth
Projected Annual Pavement Damage Costs Associated with Processed Meat and Related Industries on the Studied Highway Section (41.13 miles)Studied Highway Section (41.13 miles)
Highway Damage Cost Analysis
Projected Annual Pavement Damage Costs Associated with Processed Meat and Related Industries on the Major Highways (1,835 miles) in southwest Kansas Major Highways (1,835 miles) in southwest Kansas
$3,000,000
$3,200,000
$3,400,000
$3,600,000
$3,800,000
$4,000,000
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Year
High
way
Dam
age
Cost
s
10% Industry Growth 20% Industry Growth
Conclusions
• For the studied highway section (41.13 miles), the total annual highway damage cost associated with processed meat industries was estimated at $71,019, or $1,727 per mile.
• The annual damage cost per truck per mile was approximately $0.02.
Conclusions
• If the same truck traffic presented on all major highways in southwest Kansas (approximately 1,835 miles), the total annual damage costs attributed to processed meat and related industries would be $3,169,045.
Limitations
• Truck traffic may be underestimated• Truck travel routes may not be accurate• Inflation adjustment for pavement
maintenance costs may be lower than actual numbers
Acknowledgement
• Support for this research was provided by a grant from the U.S. Department of Transportation University Transportation Centers Program to the Mid-America Transportation Center at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. This project was also funded in part by Kansas Department of Transportation.
Slide design © 2009, Mid-America Transportation Center. All rights reserved.
Yong BaiSteven Schrock
Thomas MulinazziWenhua HouChunxiao LiuUmar Firman
Project Team Members