ethernet
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
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CHAPTER CHAPTER
Practical Ethernet Practical Ethernet ImplementationImplementation
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Chapter Objectives• Provide a background on Ethernet itself and
describe its characteristics• Explain the practical implementation of various
Ethernet LANs– 10BaseT, 10Base2 and 10Base5– Show sample networking devices and network
connections
• Introduce the 100 Mbps Ethernet that is also known as fast Ethernet
• Discuss the various operating systems for Ethernet networks
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Chapter Modules
• Background on Ethernet• Ethernet Basic Characteristics• Overview of Implementation• IEEE Implementation of 10BaseT• IEEE Implementation of 10Base2• IEEE Implementation of 10Base5 • Fast (100 Mbps) Ethernet Networks• Network Operating Systems for Ethernet
Networks
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© N. Ganesan, All rights
reserved.
MODULE
Background on Ethernet
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Module Objectives
• Describe Ethernet in general• Trace the origin of Ethernet • Discuss the current status and
speeds
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Ethernet Defined
• A highly standardized popular network architecture
• Based on the CSMA/CD transmission protocol
• It is a logical bus network that is implemented both as a physical star and a physical bus network
• Governed by the IEEE 802.3 standard
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Origin
• CSMA/CD originated in Univ. of Hawaii in the 60s
• Cabling and signaling schemes were invented at Xerox
• Subsequently standardized by a group of companies– Xerox, Intel and DEC
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Current Status
• Highly standardized• Standards set by IEEE 802
committee– IEEE 802.3
• Standards exists for different speeds of Ethernet implementations
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Current Speeds
• 10 Mbps Ethernet– Example: 10BaseT
• 100 Mbps Ethernet– Example: 100BaseTX
• 1 Gigabit Ethernet– New and evolving network technology
• 10 Gigabits Ethernet is currently emerging
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© N. Ganesan, All rights
reserved.
MODULE
Ethernet Basic Characteristics
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Module Objectives
• Topology• Cabling• Communication channels• A typical Ethernet frame• Access method and speed• IEEE 802 implementations
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Topology
• Logical bus• Physical implementation
– Either Star or Bus– Each has its own advantage
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Cabling
• Popular– Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)
(10baseT)• Different categories for different speeds
– Thin coaxial (10base2)• Others
– Thick coaxial (10Base5)– Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)– Optical Fiber (10baseFL)
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Communication Channels
Network Cable
Single ChannelBaseband Technology
Ethernet Frame
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A Typical Ethernet Frame Format
Preample
Receiver’s address
Sender’s address
Frame Type
CRC Trailer
Ethernet II Frame Format used for TCP/IP Communication
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Frame Components
• Preamble– Start of frame indicator
• Destination address• Source address• Type
– Network layer protocol identifier• Trailer
– CRC Error checking code
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Access Method and Speed
• IEEE 802.3– 10 Mbps
• IEEE 802.3u– 100 Mbps– Also known as fast Ethernet
• IEEE 802.3z– 1 Gbps– Also known as gigabit Ethernet
• IEEE 802.3ae– 10 Gbps
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© N. Ganesan, All rights
reserved.
MODULE
Overview of Implementations
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Module Objectives
• List 10 Mbps IEEE implementations• Discuss 100 Mbps implementations• Show typical star and bus
implementations
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10 Mbps IEEE 802.3 Implementations
• 10BaseT– Twisted pair implementation
• 10Base2– Thin coaxial implementation
• 10Base5– Thick coaxial implementation
• 10BaseFL– Fiber implementation
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100 Mbps IEEE 802 Implementations
• 100BaseTX– Twisted pair implementation
• 100BaseT4– Uses two pairs of regular Cat 3 wires to
transmit at 100M bps
• 100VG AnyLAN– Twisted pair implementation with variation
to the 100BaseTX implementation
• The network of choice at present is– Gigabit Ethernet that is gradually replacing
100BaseTx networks
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A Typical Star Ethernet LAN Configuration
Client ServerClient
NIC NIC NICNIC
Hub
RJ 45 Connection
Twisted Pair Wire Cat 5e (1000baseT)
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A Typical Bus Ethernet LAN Configuration
Client ServerClient
Thin coaxialcable (10base2)T-Connector
Terminator
NIC NIC NICNIC
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© N. Ganesan, All rights
reserved.
MODULE
IEEE Implementation of 10BaseT Star Networks
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Module Objectives
• 10BaseT implementation hardware• Implementation rules
– Length limitation and use of repeaters
• Implementation in a building• An actual 10BaseT configuration
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10BaseT Implementation Hardware Requirements
• 10BaseT NIC• Hub
– May act as a multi-port repeater
• UTP or STP wiring– RJ 45 based
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Actual Implementation Hardware
Hub
CablesNetworkCards
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10BaseT Implementation Rules
• Maximum length of a 10BaseT segment– 100 meters (328 feet)
• Maximum number of computers supported in the LAN– 1024
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Length Limitation
Client Server
Hub
< 328 feet< 328 feet
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Use of Repeaters for Length Extension
Server
HubIf the distance is greater than 328 feet,a repeater can be used to extend the distance.
Repeater
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Use of Fiber Line Drivers for Length Extension
Server
Switch If the distance is greater than 328 feet,a fiber-optic line driver can be used to extend the distanceto several km.
Fiber Driver
Fiber Driver
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Implementation in a Building
HubPunch Down Client
Client
ServerWiring Rack(Wiring Closet)
Switch
Backbone
UTP
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Installation in a Building
• Wiring closet is a reserved space in the building for housing wiring hubs
• Wiring rack• Hubs and switches• UTP cables are run to the wall• UTP connection is run from the wall
to the desktop using a patch cable
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An Actual Star Ethernet LAN Configuration
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© N. Ganesan, All rights
reserved.
MODULE
IEEE Implementation of 10Base2 Bus Networks
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Module Objectives
• Briefly outline the hardware needed to implement a 10Base2 network
• Discuss the 10base2 implementation rules such as those relating to maximum segment length, minimum distance between nodes etc.
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10Base2 Implementation: Hardware Requirements
• 10Base2 NIC• 10Base2 cable
– Thin coaxial cable
• BNC T connectors• BNC terminators• BNC barrel connectors, if necessary
– Usage must be kept to a minimum, if not avoided
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Actual Implementation Hardware
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A Simple 10Base2 Implementation
Maximum Segment Length
Minimum Cable Length
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10Base2 Implementation Rules
• Maximum segment length – 185 meters (607 feet)
• Minimum cable length– 0.5 meters (20 inches)
• Maximum number of computers per segment– 30
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Length Limitation
> 20 inches
< 607 feet
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5-4-3 Segmentation Rule
• To build larger networks, segments can be combined together based on the 5-4-3 rule
• 5 Segments– A 10Base2 LAN can consists of 5 segments
• 4 Repeaters– 4 repeaters are used to form the 5 segments
• 3 segments with computers– 3 of the segments can have stations attached
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A Sample 5-4-3 Implementation
Repeater
Repeater
Repeater
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5Repeater
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Extension of the 10Base2 LAN
• A combined effect of the 4 repeaters is to extend the overall length of the network
• Maximum length– 3035 feet
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Variations to the Rule
• In practice, variations to the rule exist for practicality
• Such implementations can therefore be considered as nonconforming with IEEE
• The implication – Interoperability with other conforming devices
is not guaranteed– The functional features are the responsibility
of the manufacturer of the nonconforming device
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© N. Ganesan, All rights
reserved.
MODULE
Sample Implementations of 10base2
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Module Objectives
• Implementing 10Base2 using switches
• Implementation in a building• Variations in 10Base2
configuration• 10Base2 and 10BaseT
internetworking
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Implementing 10Base2 LANs Using Switches
Switch
S1 S2 S3
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10Base2 Implementation in a Building
Router
S1S2 S3
Backbone
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Variations in Ethernet Bus LAN Configuration
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10Base2 and 10BaseT Internetworking
Client Server
Hub
Client Client Server
Transceiver
10Base2
10BaseT
AUI
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© N. Ganesan, All rights
reserved.
MODULE
IEEE Implementation of 10Base5 Bus Networks
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Module Objectives
• Give an overview of 10Base5 hardware• Discuss the implementation rules• Present a sample implementation for a
building• Include other relevant notes on
10Base5 implementation• Present an example of 10Base2 and
10Base5 integration
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10Base5 Implementation Hardware Requirements
• 10Base5 NIC• Transceiver • 10Base5 cables• Transceiver cables
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A Simple Implementation
Thick Coax (10Base5)Transceiver Transceiver
Client Server
Vampire Clamp
15-pin AUIConnector
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10Base5 Implementation Rules
• Maximum segment length– 1,640 feet
• Minimum length between connections– 8 feet
• 5-4-3 rule holds for 10Base5 LAN as well– Maximum length in 5 segments
• 8,200 feet
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Other Notes on 10Base5
• Transmission characteristics – Thicknet is better than Thinnet – Used as the Backbone
• Workability– Thinnet is better than Thicknet– Used for floor distribution
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An Example of 10Base2 and 10Base5 Deployment
Building
Floor
10Base5Backbone
TransceiverRepeater
10Base2
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© N. Ganesan, All rights
reserved.
MODULE
Fast (100 Mbps) Ethernet LANs
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Module Objectives
• 100 Mbps Ethernet variations• 100BaseTX Characteristics• A simple 100BaseTX
implementation• Media variations in implementing
100BaseX
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100 Mbps Ethernet Variations
• 100VG-AnyLAN– Introduced by HP– Standardized by IEEE 802.12 group
• 100BaseTX– Also known as Fast Ethernet
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100BaseTX
• A very popular implementation at present
• Still based on CSMA/CD• Baseband technology• Implementation is similar to 10BaseT• Requires better UTP cable
– Category 5– Media variations are present
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A Simple 100BaseTX Implementation
Client Server
Hub
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Media Based Variations of 100BaseX
• 100BaseT4– 4-pair Category 3, 4 or 5 UTP
• 100BaseTX– 2-pair Category 5 UTP or STP
• 100BaseFL– 2-strand fiber-optic cable
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reserved.
MODULE
Network Operating Systems for Ethernet Networks
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Module Objectives
• Microsoft operating systems– Peer-to-peer– Client-server
• Unix operating system and variations of the same
• Other operating systems
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Microsoft
• Peer-to-Peer– Windows Workgroup 3.11– Windows 9x (95, 98 etc.)– Windows NT Workstation
• Client-Server– Windows NT Workstation for small LANs– Windows NT Server– Small Business Server
• A combination of NT Server, Exchange Server etc.
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UNIX
• Many versions of Unix• Examples
– SCO Unix– Linux– AIX– etc.
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Others
• Novel NetWare• Banyan Vines• AppleShare
– For apples on an Ethernet network
• etc.
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END OF MODULE END OF MODULE
END OF CHAPTEREND OF CHAPTER