Authentic, Transformational and Transactional

Leadership

Contrasting styles, Contrasting motivations

Agenda

Authentic Leadership

Transformational Leadership

Examples of effective leaders using Authentic and Transformational approaches

Authentic Leadership

Defined:

“A pattern of leader behavior that develops from and is grounded in the leader’s positive psychological qualities and strong ethics.” *

“Authentic leaders genuinely desire to serve others through their leadership. They are more interested in empowering the people they lead to make a difference than they are in power, money or prestige for themselves. They are as guided by qualities of the heart, by passion and compassion, as they are by qualities of the mind.” **

Composed of:

Self-awareness

Internalized moral perspective

Balanced processing

Relational transparency* Walumbwa, et al, 2008** George, 2003

Authentic Action Wheel

Adapted from Terry, 1993

Authentic Leadership Characteristics

Compassion

Passion

Behavior

Consistency ConnectednessGeorge, 2003

The Authenticity Paradox

How can you balance authenticity – staying true to your self – with growth and learning?

How does thinking critically about authenticity relate to emotional intelligence?

Modeling the Way:Authenticity in Action?

Clarify and live the shared values

“Walk the Talk”

Ask purposeful questions

Seek feedback

How do others see you in terms of living the values?

Give feedback to others

Don’t let things slide if you see people acting inconsistent with the organization’s shared values

Transformational Leadership

Focused on positive change

Transformational leadership:– Articulates the difference between the current

reality and a compelling vision

Research shows transformational leadership is related to increased follower….

– Job satisfaction

– Satisfaction with leader

– Motivation

– Performance

Contrasting Leadership Styles

Transactional leader– Rewards and sanctions used to

motivate followers

– Relationship viewed as an exchange

Transformational leader– Followers believe in and internalize leader’s

vision for positive change

– Loyalty and commitment

Laissez-Faire– Completely hands off

– Ignores needs of team

Comparing Transactional and Transformational Leadership

Transactional– Control

– Emphasis on compliance

– Motivate through social exchange of valued resources

– Coercive, legitimate, and reward based power

– Focus on compliance through control, often resulting in low self-worth.

Transformational– Empowerment

– Values and beliefs

– Motivate by increasing belief in self-ability and self-determination

– Expert and referent based power

– Focus on followers’ self-growth through internalization of goals.

Charisma in TransformationalLeadership

Charisma defined:

– “A fire that ignites followers’ energy and commitment, producing results above and beyond the call of duty.” Weber

– Is charisma always good?

– Examples of charismatic leaders?

Charismatic/Transformational Behaviors

Visionary– Articulating a vision that followers can

share

Modeling action for realizing the vision– Inspirational

– Storytelling

– Unconventional behavior or charisma

– Altruism – acting for others, not self

– Confidence in the vision

Transformational Leadership and Altruism

Altruism– Motivation through concern for others.

Intentions: A willingness to sacrifice one’s self for others.

Actions: Behavior that helps others.

Reasons people behave altruistically.– Reciprocity norm

– Social responsibility norm

Forms of Altruistic Behavior

Harming ConcernHelping Concern

(cost) for others(benefits) for others

Helping Concern

(benefits) for self

Harming Concern

(cost) for self

Genuine/

moral altruism

Vindictive/

self-destructive

egotism

Utilitarian/

mutual altruism

Hedonistic

egotismApathetic

egotism

Examples of Transformational Leaders

Dr. V

– CEO of Aravind Eye Hospitals

Gordon Gecko

– CEO of a fictional corporation

Wangari Maathai

– Environmental Activist