ethics and it

8/7/2019 ethics and IT

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EthicsEthics

Derived from the Greek word Derived from the Greek word ethos, which, which

means means custom, , habit, and , and way of living

Definition:Definition: "the discipline and practice of applying

value to human behavior, resulting in meaningful

conduct.


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Cont.Cont.

Professional Ethics:Professional Ethics:concerns one's conduct of behaviorand practice when carrying out professional work,

e.g., consulting, researching, teaching and writing.

Acomputing professional must understand

Cultural, social, legal, and ethical issues in computing.Cultural, social, legal, and ethical issues in computing. Responsibility and possible consequences of failure.Responsibility and possible consequences of failure.


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Computer EthicsComputer Ethics

Computer ethics definedComputer ethics definedas the application of classical ethicalprinciples to the use of computer technology.

Ethical problems related to computers:Ethical problems related to computers:

PrivacyPrivacy Computers create a false sense of securityComputers create a false sense of security

People do not realize how vulnerable information stored onPeople do not realize how vulnerable information stored oncomputers arecomputers are

PropertyProperty Physical propertyPhysical property

Intellectual property (in both copyright and patent)Intellectual property (in both copyright and patent)

Data as propertyData as property


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AccessAccess

Access to computing technologyAccess to computing technology

Access to dataAccess to data

AccuracyAccuracy

Accuracy of information storedAccuracy of information stored

Hacking, cracking and virus creationHacking, cracking and virus creation

Software piracySoftware piracy


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Ethical

dilemmas

in IT

Privacy

Accessibility

Accuracy

Property

Involves right of

accessing the required

info. As well as true

payment of charges to

access the information

Degree of privacy and

dissemination of

information about

individual.

The information which

is viable and being

accessed is now much

more accurate

&authenticate.

Talks about

ownership &

value of

information.


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TheTenCommandments of computer ethics have been defined

by theComputer Ethics Institute.

1) One should not use a computer to harm otherpeople.

2) One should not interfere with other people's

computer work. 3) One should not snoop around in other people's files.

4) One should not use a computer to steal.

5) One should not use a computer to bear falsewitness.


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6) One should not use or copy software for which you

have not paid.

7) One should not use other people's computer

resources without authorization.

8) One should not appropriate other people'sintellectual output.

9) One should think about the social consequences of

the program you write. 10) One should use a computer in ways that show

consideration and respect.


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Some threats to information system are:Some threats to information system are:--

ComputerAbuses:ComputerAbuses:-- hacking Id & sending mail throughhacking Id & sending mail through

hacked id.hacked id.

Computer crime:Computer crime:--Hacking , theftHacking , theft

Loss:Loss:-- of data information.of data information.

Theft of equipmentTheft of equipment

Theft of dataTheft of data

Equipment malfunctions:Equipment malfunctions:-- virus in excel sheetvirus in excel sheet Environmental hazardsEnvironmental hazards

Destruction from virusesDestruction from viruses

Errors in handling & usage of data.Errors in handling & usage of data.


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Security

ethics

HealthHealth

CrimeCrime

IndividualityIndividuality

Working

conditions

Working

conditions

EmploymentEmployment

PrivacyPrivacy


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Computer VirusComputer Virus


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What isComputer Virus?What isComputer Virus?

Computer viruses are small software programs that

are designed to spread from one computer to another

and to interfere with computer operation.


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Spreading of VirusSpreading of Virus

Virus are most easily spread,Virus are most easily spread,

Spread through ESpread through E--mailAttachments,mailAttachments,

Instant Messaging messages,Instant Messaging messages, Funny Images,Funny Images,

Audio and Videos files,Audio and Videos files,

Downloading files from Internet,Downloading files from Internet,

Greeting cards and many more.Greeting cards and many more.


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Steps to help avoid VirusesSteps to help avoid Viruses

Use anUse an Internet firewallInternet firewall,,

Subscribe toSubscribe to industry standard antivirusindustry standard antivirus

softwaresoftware,, Never open an eNever open an e--mail attachment from someonemail attachment from someone

you don't know,you don't know,

Scan each and every attachment,Scan each and every attachment, Rules to be followed, while surfing netRules to be followed, while surfing net


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Software piracy andSoftware piracy and

HackingHacking


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What isWhat is

PIRACY???????PIRACY???????Reselling MediaReselling Media

Downloading from a websiteDownloading from a website

Taping songsTaping songs

Buying a used book orCDBuying a used book orCD

Watching broadcast television but skipping commercialsWatching broadcast television but skipping commercials


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Types of PIRACYTypes of PIRACY

End User PiracyEnd User Piracy

ClientClient Server PiracyServer Piracy

Internet PiracyInternet Piracy

HardHard--Disk PiracyDisk Piracy

SoftwareCounterfeitingSoftwareCounterfeiting


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EndEnd--User PiracyUser Piracy

This occurs when a company employee reproducesThis occurs when a company employee reproduces

copies of software without authorizationcopies of software without authorization

Copying disk for installation and distributionCopying disk for installation and distribution

Swapping disks in or outside the workplaceSwapping disks in or outside the workplace


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ClientClient--Server PiracyServer Piracy

This type of piracy occurs when too many employeesThis type of piracy occurs when too many employees

on a network are using a central copy of a program aton a network are using a central copy of a program at

the same time.the same time.

System OveruseSystem Overuse


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Internet PiracyInternet Piracy

This occurs when software is downloaded from theThis occurs when software is downloaded from the

InternetThe same purchasing rules should apply toInternetThe same purchasing rules should apply to

online software purchase as for those bought inonline software purchase as for those bought in

traditional ways.traditional ways.

Pirate websitePirate website

Unauthorized transfer of copyrighted programUnauthorized transfer of copyrighted program


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HardHard--Disk LoadingDisk Loading

This occurs when a business who sells new computersThis occurs when a business who sells new computers

loads illegal copies of software onto the hard disks toloads illegal copies of software onto the hard disks to

make the purchase of the machines more attractive.make the purchase of the machines more attractive.

ValueAdded Resellers (VAR)ValueAdded Resellers (VAR)


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SoftwareCounterfeitingSoftwareCounterfeiting

This type of piracy is the illegal duplication and saleThis type of piracy is the illegal duplication and sale

of copyrighted material with the intent of directlyof copyrighted material with the intent of directly

imitating the copyrighted product.imitating the copyrighted product.


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HACKERHACKER

Some one who bypasses the systems access controls bySome one who bypasses the systems access controls bytaking advantage of security weaknesses left in thetaking advantage of security weaknesses left in the

system by developers .system by developers .


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What HACKER do???????What HACKER do???????

SYSTEMSYSTEM

Access confidential informationAccess confidential information

Threaten someone fromYOUR computerThreaten someone fromYOUR computer Broadcast your confidential letters or materials .Broadcast your confidential letters or materials .

Store illegal materialStore illegal material


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Evils of HackingEvils of Hacking

Compromise the security of system without permissionCompromise the security of system without permission

from an authorized party, usually with the intent offrom an authorized party, usually with the intent of

accessing computers connected to the network.accessing computers connected to the network.


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Advantage of HackingAdvantage of Hacking

To determine problem and weakness for programTo determine problem and weakness for program

Creation of firewallCreation of firewall

Useful for military purpose and spyingUseful for military purpose and spying Better computer securityBetter computer security


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Privacy issuesPrivacy issues

ITmakes it technically and economically feasible toITmakes it technically and economically feasible to

collect ,store, integrate , interchange and retrievecollect ,store, integrate , interchange and retrieve

data and information quickly and easily.data and information quickly and easily.

However , the power of information technology toHowever , the power of information technology to

store and retrieve information can have a negativestore and retrieve information can have a negative

effect on the right to privacy of every individual.effect on the right to privacy of every individual.


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Employment issuesEmployment issues

The impact of ITon employment is a major ethical concern and isThe impact of ITon employment is a major ethical concern and is

directly related to the use of computers to achieve automation of workdirectly related to the use of computers to achieve automation of work

activities.activities.

Use of EUse of E-- business technologies has created new jobs and increasedbusiness technologies has created new jobs and increased

productivity , while also causing a significant reduction in some typesproductivity , while also causing a significant reduction in some types

of job opportunities.of job opportunities.

Jobs created by some EJobs created by some E--business systems may require different types ofbusiness systems may require different types of

skills and education than do the jobs that areskills and education than do the jobs that are elliminatedelliminated . Therefore ,. Therefore ,

individuals may become unemployed unless they can be retained for newindividuals may become unemployed unless they can be retained for new

ositions or new res onsibilities.ositions or new res onsibilities.


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Challenges inChallenges in WWorkingorking

conditionsconditions

IThas eliminated monotonous tasks in the office and theIThas eliminated monotonous tasks in the office and the

factory that formerly had to be performed by people.factory that formerly had to be performed by people.

People require to concentrate on more challenges andPeople require to concentrate on more challenges and

interesting assignments, upgrades the skill level of the workinteresting assignments, upgrades the skill level of the work

to be informed, and creates challenging jobs requiring highlyto be informed, and creates challenging jobs requiring highly

developed skills in the computer industry and withindeveloped skills in the computer industry and within

computercomputer--using organizations.using organizations.


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Health issuesHealth issues

Heavy use of computer is reportedly causing healthHeavy use of computer is reportedly causing health

problems like:problems like:--

Job stressJob stressDamaged arm and neck musclesDamaged arm and neck muscles

Eye strainEye strain

radiation exposureradiation exposureEven death by computerEven death by computer-- caused accidentscaused accidents


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Individuality issuesIndividuality issues

EE--business systems concerns their negativity effect onbusiness systems concerns their negativity effect on

the individuality of people.the individuality of people.

Widespread use of personal computers and theWidespread use of personal computers and the

internet has dramatically improved the developmentinternet has dramatically improved the development

of peopleof people-- oriented and personalized informationoriented and personalized information

system.system.


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