ethics hypnosis neo-freudians and personality
TRANSCRIPT
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Ethics
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Hypnosis
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Neo-Freudians and Personality
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Intelligence Testing
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Social Development
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Attribution
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Ethics Hypnosis Neo-Freudians and Personality Intelligence
Testing
Social Development
Attribution
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Who is responsible for the major code of ethics we have examined?
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American Psychological Association
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If I “trick” someone into being in my study, what principle have I violated?
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Informed consent
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True or False: The APA has only created ethical guidelines for humans
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False; There are also guidelines for using animals in research
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Researchers cannot release data about individual participants according to this guideline
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The right to confidentiality
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What is debriefing?
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Participants must receive full explanations of the research when their involvement is done (especially impt when using deception!)
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What is hypnosis?
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A social interaction in which one person makes suggestions about perceptions, thoughts, or behaviors and another person follows those suggestions
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What is a posthypnotic suggestion?
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A suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, that the subject will carry out when no longer hypnotized
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What are the most effective uses of hypnosis?
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Pain control, can help control weight/smoking habits; Can help alleviate headaches/asthma
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What is the divided consciousness theory of hypnosis?
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One’s consciousness splits (dissociation) so that one aspect of consciousness is not aware of the role the other part is playing
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What is the social influence theory of hypnosis?
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Hypnosis is caused by powerful social forces; Like actors who get caught up in their roles
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What criticisms did the neo-Freudians have of Freud’s personality theory?
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Too much emphasis on the unconscious; Doubted that sex and aggression were all consuming motivations
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Developed the idea of the inferiority complex
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Alfred Adler
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What did Karen Horney believe?
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Freud overemphasized sex; Fought against some of Freud’s sexist beliefs; Focused on how culture contributed to women’s feeling of inferiority
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Creator of archetypes
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Carl Jung
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What is the collective unconscious?
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Memories and behavior patterns that are inherited from past generations and shared by all humans
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Created the first intelligence tests for the French government
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Alfred Binet
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Formula for the original IQ
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(Mental Age/Chronological age) x 100
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Adaptation of Binet’s original test; Used IQ; Still used today; Created by Terman
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Standford-Binet Intelligence Scale
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Test that provides and overall intelligence score as well as subscores in 11 areas
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Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
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What is content validity?
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Extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest
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What is temperament?
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A person’s pattern of mood, activity, and emotional responsiveness that emerges within the first few montsh o flife
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What is secure attachment?
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Children are able to separate from parent, meet return of parent with positive emotions; Studied by Mary Ainsworth
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Parenting style where parents submit to their children’s desires; Make few demands and give little punishment; Very warm
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Permissive-Indulgent
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Describe the initiative v. Guilt stage of Erickson’s psychosocial stages
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Preschoolers need to learn to take initiative in tasks and carry out their own plans; If they don’t, they will feel guilty about their efforts to be independent and feel inferior
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What psychosocial stage do people go through in middle adulthood?
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Generativity v. Stagnation: Need to discover a sense of contribution to the world or they may feel that they lack purpose
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What is attribution?
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How we explain others’ behavior
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Overestimating the influence of personality and underestimating the power of the situation
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Fundamental attribution error
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Attributing our successes to internal qualities
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Self-serving bias
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Who proposed attribution theory?
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Fritz Heider
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Is the fundamental attribution error universal?
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We have some evidence to indicate that it is opposite in Eastern cultures