ethics of ai
DESCRIPTION
About ethics of artificial intelligence, the potential, limitations and concerns in robotics and how to develop software in a responsible manner.TRANSCRIPT
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ERO Technology Group
Ethics of AIAbout Potential, Limitations and Concerns in Robotics
Presented byAndreas Heil Date11. December 2006
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Intelligent Robotics
There are many misconceptions in the public mind about the capabilities of artificial intelligence in general and intelligent robots in particular. As intelligent behaviours become embedded in everyday equipment, there is an increasing need to understand the huge potential of these new technologies, as well as their limitations. This workshop will review not only the latest developments in intelligent robotics and promote discussion of the challenges they present, but also question the desirability of research into different application areas and review public concerns regarding the quest to create 'conscious' robots.
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Definition: Robot
A robot is an electro-mechanical device that can perform autonomous or pre-programmed tasks. A robot may act under the direct control of a human (e.g. the Canadarm on the space shuttle) or autonomously under the control of a programmed computer.
Wikipedia1. Mechanical device programmed to perform tasks
Any machine that can be programmed to carry out instructions and perform particular duties, especially one that can take over tasks normally done by people
2. Imaginary machine like humanA machine that resembles a human in appearance and can function like a human, especially in science fiction
3. Person like a machineSomebody who works or behaves mechanically, showing little or no emotion and often responding to orders without question
4. Traffic lightSouth Africa - a set of automatic traffic lights
Encarta Dictionary
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Definition: Robot
A robot is a device, hard- or software with the capability of sensing and (re)acting.
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Robotics Market Potential
Service and consumer markets just emerging
• Remote assistance/presence• Assistive• Facilities maintenance• Security• Education• Entertainment
Why Robotics Research at All?
•High market expectation•Demographic push in health & elderly care•Longer working times – people spend less time at home•Service in the public
Military
•300 units x 800k * Source Japan Robotics Association
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Development Trend
2005
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2015 2020
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1 Filtering unnecessary Information2 Household devices (Microwave, Fridge)3 Learning about new environments by taking a tour of it, after that it can re-give that tour.
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Increasing Software Challenges
* Source EURON Workshop 2005
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Microsoft & Robotics
Systems
• PC Ecosystem (desktop, web, mobile, home)
• XP, XP Embedded, CE (real-time)
Development Environment and Tools
• Programming IDE• Debugging and Optimization
Existing Applicable Technologies
• Speech• Real-time Communications• Infrastructure
Experience Groups
Microsoft Research
• Enabling Technologies• Human Robot Interaction• Personal Robotics• Educational Robotics• Programming Environments
Microsoft Robotics Groups
• Microsoft Robotics GroupRedmond
• Center for Innovative RoboticsCarnegie Mellon University
• External Research OfficeCambridge
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New Requirements
• Ultra Heterogeneity• Distributed Environments• Dynamic Configuration• Context-Awareness• Personalization• Extensibility• Reliability• Security• Privacy Protection• Usability• Autonomy• …
Ubiquitous computing environments should be deployed incrementally
• Living space is not a demonstration room• We like to replace existing objects
How can software infrastructures help to decrease the complexities?
New Requirements
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Challenges to Address
Future Applications• Support & care, education, entertainment• Timesaving, repetitive work• Have a servant, companion
Personal Robotics• Human-robotics Interaction• Mediator between Digital/Real world• Natural and Affective Interaction (speech,
gestures, emotions)• Adaptive to individual needs
What is needed so that robots could be successfully integrated in our everyday life? What are the key technical issues?
From nature to software models
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• CostsWhen a human is in danger, robots can do this work on behalf, then maybe, the costs are a minor issue
• Robot’s image is cultural depended> We will never accept a Japanese robot because of its cultural differences > Its important to build a robot corresponding to your culture
• Japan vs. Hollywood>Japan, friendly TV-series>Hollywood, dangerous, instable
• Acceptance>Emotional component>Robot as a luxury
• Learning vs. Imitation>“Do I really want it to play as bad chess as I do?”
Come more Challenges
Bring me a cup of tea…
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VRDK – A Research Prototype
• Building a compelling & engaging Programmable Environment
• Innovative, very easy, flexible Programming Environment for Robot control applications
• Accessible to non technical audiences (children, nurses, elderly, machine operators)
• Enables a ‘Path’ from very simple (beginner, child) to professional (using
Visual Studio)
Abstracting complexity on different levels
Source Code Visual
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Domain Specific Language
Visual N#
• Domain-specific graphical language• Extension of VRDK• Easy to design
C# / VB.NET
• General purpose programming language• Don’t write code anymore
N#
• Domain-specific textual language• Easy to read and write
Users can switch betweenboth notations
Code Translator
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N# - A Textual Notation for Visual N#
ambient MyAmbient @ Personwhere filter ($1.Company == „Microsoft Research“),
filter($1.Location == „Cambridge"), filter($1.SecurityLevel > 2) {
discover Lights @ Light where distance(a), filter($1.Color == „green");
process OnLampAdd @ l = Lights.Added {l.On();
}process OnLampRemove @ l = Lights.Removed {
l.Off();}
a = 100;}
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AI
• A lot of the AI will stay in its virtual world
• Only limited connections to the real world
• Responsibility
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The Microsoft Robotics Studio – Tools No Rules*
A lightweight concurrency and services oriented runtime• Handling of sensory input and controlling actuators• Based on synchronous message passing• Decentralised System Services (DSS) facilitating tasks and
basic services such as debugging, logging, monitoring, security, discovery and data persistence
Authoring/development tools• Visual programming editor• Simulation• Message debugging
Technology libraries and basic algorithms• Code samples and documentation
* AI2005
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Runtime Environment
An application is a composition of loosely-coupled services concurrently executing across scopes • Interactions described using service contacts• Components are networked• Provides isolation between components
> Reliability – ability to restart independently, replaceable/updatable> Parallelism
Application Boundary
Service
Main Port
Main Port
Service
State
Code
Private Port
State
Code
Service
Main Port
State
Code
Service
Main Port
Private Port
State
Code
H/WH/W
UI
Service
Main Port
Private Port
State
Code
* Example: Model car + sensors
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Simulation Capabilities
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Supported KUKA robot
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Community: Robot Swarm Heading Target Area
* R.D. Rango, http://channel9.msdn.com/ShowPost.aspx?PostID=244706
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Community: Robot Swarm Simulation
* R.D. Rango, http://channel9.msdn.com/ShowPost.aspx?PostID=244706
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Community: Maze Simulator
* B. Axelrod, T. Taylor, http://channel9.msdn.com/ShowPost.aspx?PostID=226071
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Outlook
• VRDK> Research Prototype> Proof of Concept
• Microsoft Robotics Studio> Available as CTP (November CTP)> Improved Visualization> Package based Deployment> Wrap up for final version end of Dec 2006> CCR / DSS maybe available as separate DL> http://msdn.microsoft.com/robotics/
• N# > Ongoing research> Publications etc. > Visual Studio integration> http://research.microsoft.com/ero/
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Thank you or your attention.