ethnic disease
TRANSCRIPT
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Ethnic DiseasesMED PREP
Janet Nelson RN
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HEALTHY REPORT 2003
Access to Health Care Health Status Indicators Health Risk Behaviors Use of clinical preventive services
ETHNIC DISEASE SOURCEBOOK
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Infant Mortality
Blacks: 14 / 1,000 births American Indians: 9.0 / 1,000
births Hispanics: 7.6 / 1,000 births (Puerto Ricans 8.9 / 1,000 births) http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/
nvsr/nvsr54/nvsr54_16.pdf
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SIDS Rates by ethnicity of mother per 100,000 (1997)
White64.4 Black143.2 Asian/Pacific Islanders 51.2 American Indian/Alaska 155.6 Hispanic 46.5 ::: American Sudden Infant Death
Syndrome Institute :::
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Alcohol Related Diseases
Alcohol Mortality Alcoholic Cirrhosis Alcohol Dependence Alcohol Hepatitis FAS
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FAS
FAS is the severe end of a spectrum of effects that can occur when a woman drinks during pregnancy. Fetal death is the most extreme outcome.
FAS is a disorder characterized by abnormal facial features and growth and central nervous system (CNS) problems.
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Children with FAS might have the following characteristics or exhibit the following behaviors:
Small size for gestational age or small stature in relation to peers
Facial abnormalities such as small eye openings
Poor coordination
Hyperactive behavior
Learning disabilities
Developmental disabilities (e.g., speech and language delays)
Mental retardation or low IQ
Problems with daily living
Poor reasoning and judgment skills
Sleep and sucking disturbances in infancy
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Alcohol- Related Liver Disease
FATTY LIVER ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS May progress in this order.
Some heavy drinkers develop cirrhosis without evidence of Hepatitis
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Alcohol Hepatitis Alcohol has long been associated with serious liver
diseases such as hepatitis. But the relationship between drinking and alcoholic hepatitis is complex. Only a small percentage of heavy drinkers develop alcoholic hepatitis. Though damage from alcoholic hepatitis often can be reversed in people who stop drinking, the disease is likely to progress to cirrhosis and liver failure in people who continue drink. For them, alcoholic hepatitis may be fatal.
Anyone with alcoholic hepatitis must avoid alcohol and other substances that harm the liver. When damage is so severe that the liver is unable to function, a liver transplant may be an option.
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Cirrhosis
Cirrhosis of the Liver
ASCITES
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Smoking
“Cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of disease and death in the US”
David Satcher MD PhD Surgeon General
Note: ETS=environmental tobacco smoke (secondhand smoke)
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Disease Men Women Overall
Cancers
Lung 81,179 35,741 116,920
Lung from ETS 1,055 1,945 3,000
Other 21,659 9,743 31,402
Total 103,893 47,429 151,322
Cardiovascular Diseases
Hypertension 3,233 2,151 5,450
Heart Disease 88,644 45,591 134,235
Stroke 14,978 8,303 23,281
Other 11,682 5,172 16,854
Total 118,603 61,117 179,820
Respiratory Diseases
Pneumonia 11,292 7,881 19,173
Bronchitis/ Emphysema 9,234 5,541 14,865
Chronic Airway Obstruction 30,385 18,579 48,982
Other 787 668 1,455
Total 51,788 32,689 84,475
Diseases Among Infants 1,006 705 1,711
Burn Deaths 863 499 1,362
All Causes 276,153 142,537 418,690
Cigarette Smoking-Related Mortality Per CDCDisease Men Women Overall
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Age Related Disease vs. Ethnic Osteoporosis…White and Asian Type II Diabetes….American Indian
& Hispanic Dementia…Japanese, African
Americans and Caribbean Hispanics
Can you think of others?
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Tay Sachs
Fatal genetic disorder in children that causes progressive destruction of the CNS
Most Common in Jewish families of Eastern Europe origin. (Ashkenazi)
NTSAD
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An inherited blood disorder characterized primarily by chronic anemia and periodic episodes of pain.
Most common in Black/Hispanics What is Sickle Cell Disease
Sickle Cell Anemia
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The risk of inheriting sickle cell anemia really comes down to genetics. For a baby to be born with sickle cell anemia, both parents have to carry the sickle cell gene.The gene is particularly common among people with African, Spanish, Mediterranean, Middle Eastern and Indian ancestry. In the United States, it most commonly affects blacks and Hispanics.
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Thalassemia
A group of chronic, inherited, microcytic anemias.
Especially common in persons of Mediterranean, African and Southeast Asian ancestory
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Systemic Lupus Erythematous
A chronic inflammatory connective tissue disorder of unknown etiology
Three times more common in African American than in white Americans.
Predominately women
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Cancer
Overall African-American’s have highest cancer incidence and mortality rates compared to other groups
Certain racial/ethnic groups experience higher rates of specific cancers than other groups
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African American Hispanic/Latino
512.3 both sexes 352.4 both sexes
682.6 male 420.7 males
398.5 female 310.9 female
White American In./Alaska
479.7 both sexes 233.6 both sexes
556.4 male 255.4 male
429.3 female 220.5 female
Asian/Pacific Islanders
335.6 both sexes
383.5 male
303.6 female
Cancer Incidence Rates/100,000
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DIABETES CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE COPD & other chronic lower
respiratory diseases GLAUCOMA CYSTIC FIBROSIS
Cystic Fibrosis Foundation - ABOUT CYSTIC FIBROSIS
Death Rates by Race/EthnicityPer US—National Center for Health Statistics
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CONCLUSION
Genetic predisposition Contributing Factors
“Though health indicators such as life expectancy and infant mortality have improved for most Americans, minorities experience a disproportionate burden of preventable disease, death, and disability compared with non-minorities. These trends compel the public health community to examine issues of health disparity among the various racial and ethnic groups that comprise the country's population.”http://www.cdc.gov/OMH/Populations/populations.htm