8/12/2019 Ethnic Malays

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ethnic-malays 1/6

Ethnic Malays This article is about the Malay ethnic group. For the Malay "race", see Malay race . For other uses, see Malay(disambiguation) .

Malay

M elayu

ي ل

Malays (Malay : Melayu Jawi م : ي are an (و ethnic group of Austronesian people predominantly inhabiting theMalay Peninsula including the coastal Indonesian including east of Sumatra , southernmost parts of Thailand , south coast Burma and island of Singapore, coastal Borneo , including Brunei , West Kalimantan , coastal

Sarawak and Sabah , and the smaller islands which lie between these locations - collectively known as the Alam Melayu . These locations today are part of the modern nations of Malaysia , Western Indonesia , Singapore , Brunei , Southern Burma and Southern Thailand .

Historically, the ethnic Malays population is descended from several genetically related peoples who werelargely of Animist , Buddhist or Hindu origin — the Austronesians , the Mon-Khmer peoples ,[8] the Orang Laut ,[9] the Orang Asli ,[10] the Cham people ,[11] the ancient Kedahans ,[12] the Langkasukans ,[12] the Tambralingans ,[13] the Gangga Negarans , the ancient Kelantanese ,[12] the Srivijayans , the ancient Bruneians , the Batak groups, theDayak peoples and various other tribes inhabiting the Malay world .[14]

8/12/2019 Ethnic Malays

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ethnic-malays 2/6

The golden age of Malay sultanates beginning in the 15th century, saw the construction of the common identity that binds Malay people together; language (with variant of dialects exist among them), Islam and theirculture .[15] The commercial diaspora of these sultanates, effectively brought much of the Maritime SoutheastAsia under the massive wave of Islamisation and Malayisation . Due to its fluid characteristics and theassimilation of the later immigrants from various part of the archipelago ,[16][17] Malay culture absorbed numerous cultural features of other ethnic groups, such as those of Minang , Aceh , and to some degree Javaneseculture ; however it differs by being more overtly Islamic than the Javanese culture which is more multi-religious.

Malay, Malay Orang Melayu (“Malay People”) , any member of an ethnic group of the Malay Peninsula and portions of adjacent islands of Southeast Asia, including the east coast of Sumatra, the coast of Borneo, andsmaller islands that lie between these areas. The Malay speak various dialects belonging to the Austronesian(Malayo-Polynesian) family of languages.

The Malay were once probably a people of coastal Borneo who expanded into Sumatra and the Malay Peninsulaas a result of their trading and seafaring way of life. That this expansion occurred only in the last 1,500 years orso is indicated by the fact that the languages of the Malay group are all still very much alike, though verydivergent from the languages of other peoples of Sumatra, Borneo, and other neighbouring lands. In the late20th century the Malay constituted more than half of the population of Peninsular Malaysia (West Malaysia)

and more than one-eighth of the population of East Malaysia (Sarawak and Sabah).

The Malay culture has been strongly influenced by that of other peoples, including the Siamese, Javanese, andSumatran. The influence of Hindu India was historically very great, and the Malay were largely Hinduized

before they were converted to Islām in the 15th century. The population of the Malay Peninsula today includeslarge numbers of Indians and Chinese.

The Malay are mainly a rural people, living in villages rather than towns, where Chinese, Indians, and othergroups predominate. Much of the Malay Peninsula is covered by jungle, and the villages, with populations from50 to 1,000, are located along rivers and coasts or on roads. Houses are built on piling that raises them four toeight feet off the ground, with gabled roofs made of thatch; houses of the well-to-do have plank floors and tile

roofs. The principal food crop is wet rice, and rubber is the main cash crop. The Malay Peninsula in the late1970s produced more than two- fifths of the world’s supply of natural rubber.

Traditionally the Malay had a somewhat feudal social organization with a sharp division between nobility andcommoners. The head of a village was a commoner, but the chief of the district, to whom he reported, was anobleman. The nobility has now been replaced by appointed and elected officials subject to a parliament andother elected bodies, but class distinctions are still marked.

Marriages have traditionally been arranged by the parents. The typical household consists of the husband andwife and their children. Marriage and inheritance are governed by Islāmic law.

The Malay religion is Islām of the school of Shāfiʿī. Muslim religious h olidays are observed. Some Hindu ritualsurvives, as in the second part of the marriage ceremony and in various ceremonies of state. In rural areas theMalay have also preserved some of their old beliefs in spirits of the soil and jungle, which are partly Hindu inorigin; they often have recourse to medicine men or shamans for the treatment of disease.

The Aetas are featured in our documentary, Peoples ofthe World: Southeast Asia .

The Aetas live in the northern part of The Philippines on theisland of Luzon. Historians and anthropologists debate

8/12/2019 Ethnic Malays

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ethnic-malays 3/6

precisely when and how they migrated here, the consensus being that they crossed from the island of Borneo between 20and 30 thousand years ago, using a land bridge that was partially covered by water around 5,000 years ago - theremaining part of which is now the island of Palawan. Whatever the migration path was, they are without doubt among thefirst - if not the first - inhabitants of The Philippines. One area of that country where the Aetas had lived for thousands ofyears was Mount Pinatubo. An active volcano, it erupted in June of 1991. The eruption was one of the worst in history andwas devastating to the nearby Aeta population. Around a quarter million people lost their home - many of them Aetas.

Although the Philippinos are still cleaning up the ash to this day, the Aetas have long since re-settled in urban areas ofLuzon. It is doubtful they will ever return to their former homeland.

Traditionally a hunting/gathering people, the Aetas are still among the most skilledanywhere on Earth in jungle survival. This skill was not overlooked by the USmilitary. During the American war in Vietnam, the US naval base at Subic Bay wasconveniently located close to the Aeta village of Pastolan. Many Vietnam veteranswere trained in jungle survival here before they ever went to Vietnam.

One man in particular, Manifacio De La Junta Florentino, photograph to the right,played such a large part in that training that the walls of his humble house arecovered with accolades and letters of appreciation from high-ranking military

personnel. Mr.Florentino was my hostduring my stay in hisvillage.

These days Mr. Florentino lets the next generation practice jungle survival and demonstrate the techniques to visitors. Histime is taken up by his duties as village headman, as well asthe keeper of the karaoke machine. Children flock here mostevenings to give their rendition of Western songs. If you'vetraveled in Southeast Asia you'll know that karaoke is thesingle most common form of entertainment. Even so, it wasstrange to see how popular it was in this village.

It shouldn't have been so surprising, though. These days the Aetas have many "outside" influences on their traditionalculture and lifestyle. One example is religion. Although the

Spanish brought Catholicism to The Philippines, thatconversion was largely restricted to the Malay population that had become the majorityinhabitants. The Spanish had little contact with the indigenous peoples of The Philippines.Still Catholicism has reached many Aetas, including those I saw in Pastolan village.

Other "modern" influences on the Aetas include inter-marriage with Philippinos and thegames of pooland basketball.That last one is asurprise whenyou realize thatmany Aetas areless that 5 feet

tall!

8/12/2019 Ethnic Malays

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ethnic-malays 4/6

8/12/2019 Ethnic Malays

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ethnic-malays 5/6

Mga ninuno ng Pilipino

Pangunahing lathalain: Kasaysayan ng Pilipinas

Ilan sa mga ninuno ng mga Pilipino ang nagbuhat sa mga pangunahing-lupain ng Timog-Silangang Asya , at pinaniniwalaang naglakbay at naglakad sa ibabaw ng mga "tulay na lupa" na dating nagkakabit at nagdurugtongng Pilipinas at Timog-Silangang Asya. Ang mga salinlahi ng mga ninunong ito ang naging nakikilalang mgaPilipino sa kasalukuyan at naging mayoridad sa Pilipinas .[1]

Mga Negrito , Indones at Malay ang mga prinsipal na mamamayan ng Pilipinas .[2] Naganap pa ang iba pangmigrasyon sa pamamagitan ng pagbiyahe sa tubig at nangyari sa loob ng ilang libong taon .[2]

Katawagang Pilipino

Sa malawakang diwa, maaaring tawagin silang mga unang "Pilipino" sa sinaunang Pilipinas, subalit noong mga panahon ng mga lagom,kolonyalismong Kastila, orihinal na tumutukoy ang terminong Pilipino o Filipino samga Kastilang isinilang sa Pilipinas at tinatawag ding mga insular , kriyolyo o Pilipinong Espanyol . Binubukodnito ang mga Kastilang ipinanganak sa Europa kung saan kilala ang mga huli bilang mga peninsular . Ngunit sa

pagsapit ng panggitna hanggang mga huli ng ika-19 dantaon, nagsimulang gamitin ang terminong "Pilipino"

para sa mga katutubo o indihenang populasyon ng Pilipinas. Ayon sa manunulat ng kasaysayang si AmbethOcampo , si José Rizal ang unang tumawag sa mga katutubong mga naninirahan sa Pilipinas bilang mga"Pilipino". Sa kasalukuyan, ginagamit rin ang Pilipino para sa mga nasyonalidad at pagka-mamamayan ng isangtaong nagmula sa Pilipinas. Nangangahulugan na tumutukoy din ang "Pilipino" hindi lamang sa mgakatutubong Awstronesyanong mayoridad, kundi para na rin sa iba pang may mga pinagmulang etniko, katuladng mga Pilipinong may-liping Amerikano , Kastila , Indyano , Hapones , at Intsik .

Mga Negrito

Pangunahing lathalain: Mga Negrito

Ang mga Negrito ang bumubuo sa mga pinakamatanda o sinaunang mga nabubuhay pang grupo sa Pilipinas.Tinatawag ding mga pygmy o pigmi (mga maliliit na tao), at mabababa ang taas kaysa mga pangkaraniwangmga Pilipino. Namumuhay pa rin sila sa pamamagitan ng pangangaso , pangingisda , at pagtitinda ng mga

produktong mula sa kagubatan. Matatagpuan sila sa mga panloob na bahagi ng Luzon , Panay , at mga pulo saMindanao .[1]

Tumutukoy ang terminong Negrito sa ilang mga grupong etnikong namumuhay sa ilang mga lugar sa Timog-Silangang Asya .[3] Kabilang sa kanilang mga populasyon sa kasalukuyan ang mga Aeta (o Ita), Agta, Ayta, Ati , Dumagat at may mga 25 pang ibang tribo sa Pilipinas, ang Semang ng peninsulang Malay , ang mga Mani ngTaylandiya at 12 tribong Andamanes ng Kapuluang Andaman ng Indya .

Mga Indones

Pangunahing lathalain: Indones

Dalawang pangkat ng mga Indones ang unang dumating sa sinaunang Pilipinas. Ito ay Una at Ikalawang pangkat.

Unang pangkat

Nagmula ang mga unang Indones sa Timog-silangang Asya. Maputi ang kanilang balat, balingkinitan angkatawan, makitid ang hugis ng mukha may malapad na noo, may kalaliman ang mata ngunit matangos ang mgailong. Mas makabago ang kanilang kalinangan kung ihahambing sa mga Negrito. Nagtayo sila ng mga bahay namay-hukay sa lupa o nasa tuktok ng mga puno. Marunong silang pumana, mangisda, magkaingin at niluluto nilaang kanilang mga pagkain. Pinaniniwalaang ninuno sila ng mga Ilongo ng Sierra Madre at ng Caraballo.

Pangalawang pangkat

Kaiba ang pangalawang pangkat ng mga Indones sapagkat maitim ang kanilang balat, malapad ang mukha,makapal ang labi, malaki ang panga, malaki ang ilong, bilugan ang mga mata at malaki ang mga katawan.

Nagmula sila sa tangway ng Indo-Tsina at Gitnang Asya, at tumira sa mga baybay ng Luzon. Mas maunlad angkanilang pamumuhay kaysa naunang pangkat. Pinaniniwalaang sila ang gumawa ng Hagdan-hagdang Palayanng Banawe .

8/12/2019 Ethnic Malays

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ethnic-malays 6/6

Mga Malay

Pangunahing lathalain: Mga Malay

Mga Malay ang tawag sa mga pangkat etnikong Awstronesyo . Sa Pilipinas, sila ang mga ninuno ng mga nagingBisaya , Tagalog , Ilokano , Moro , Bikolano , Kampampangan , mga Panggasinense , Ifugao , at iba pa.

Tumira sila sa Pilipinas ng 100 hangang 200 na taon. [kailangan ng sanggunian ] Ang mga armas nila ay itak , kris,

balaraw at lantaka.