1. Etnoecology of Yucatec Maya

2. SystemsEcosystemsSocioecosistems The landscape register the history of social and naturalevents. This events determinates the estructure andfunction of the landscape, that is why an etnoecologicalaproch is usful. 3. Takes reality as an entity formed bylandscapes.All of them are product of the forces ofnature and lastly of human influence. 200,000 years of human precence have impact so hardly thelandscape that is very dificult to find virgin nature if not far fromhuman influnce or of dificult acces . 4. Interdiciplinary study of nature An external analysis of human influence on natureKosmosbelif and ritualsPraxisActionsCorpusSet of KnowledgeK-C-PInterpretation Action 5. beliveusesKnowledgeIntelectual apropiationMaterial ApropiationResarcher Landscape From their perspective or cosmovision individuals build a representation of the landscape andat the same time they made an interpretation of the stage in funtion of their objects, facts andproces, in other words of their knowledge. 6. Semi undulating topography, nosurface water streams andwetlands north south, markedseasonality, variety of soils. Human footprint estimated at over5000 years of civilization recordsof over 3000 years. Processes ofdomestication and domesticatedfor 5400 years. High environmental heterogeneity,often with high population density(depending where) 7. Mega diverse Ecosystem At local and regional levelsEveryday environmental uncertainty Hurricanes, floods, water availabilityEconomic uncertainty Subject to local and international markets and the useand aviability of resorces 8. How a culture of 3000 years have prevailin such geophysic and climatic conditions?Roza, Tumba, Quema (Slash, burn, tumb):limited productivity (Harrison y Turner1978), Vs landscape managment (Feddick1996, Gomez-pompa 2003) 9. Subsitence of more than 3000 years ofmayas in the Yucatan peninsulademostrates they have learn to use andadministrates their resources in an eficientway. 10. Sofisticated knowledge of natureClasiffication of: Soil, landscape, hidrolgy,plants, animals and sucetional states of theforest regenerationEcological managment in space and time ina mosaic of patches 11. Great diferences form north to south acording tohumidity Big floristic richness (2400 to 3000 species estimated) 75-80% in the mexican portion Just one study reports comertial use or knowledgeof 920 and 826 morfo species in Cob andChuhuhub. Kul The Yucatec Maya taxonomy uses 16 clasification categories Diferences betwen morfological characters and Simbolic cualities (color) 12. Melipona beechi 13. Milpa Familiar farm Garden hunt and hervest Fishing Production of coal Crafts Scientific help and ecoturisim. 14. This strucuture lays on ecological limitation, natural and external forces like internationaleconomy, information and culture in each home or comunity. 15. Many mayas use a multiple natural resurcemanagment This alows an economy based on autosubsistncewith many extras used for comertial purpse.We can identify at least 6 components La milpa and other agricolar systems The familiar small farm Secondary forest (growing) Mature forest Managed Forest Water bodys 16. La milpa and other agricultural systems use 20 to 50 different plant species 10 to 12 hunted animals 100 to 250 extraction and recolection If we put togather all the species just from onecomunity (construction, tools, apiculture, others) just inone community we have from 300 to 500 for comunity 17. The families satify their needs forenerge, food and matirials thanks to This usefull Biodiversity from The use and extraction from local family gardensand from rainforest conserved or in recuperation 18. 2 activities have almost the totality fromthe work investedm the Milpa and farming.In the return of money 5 activities have70% of the income La milpa, payedwork, ecoturism, apiculture and artcraftThe multiple use is fundamental 19. Time and space are sacred. The cosmic tree center of the world-. Each corner isidentified witha moment of the day, a color, a direction. 20. RitualesHetz LuumLoh Luum 21. Key Element for unterstand MayaCosmovision Luum: Soil, Earth, Planet, territory,Landscape, nature, totality of the world. 22. Tiene connotacin multidimensional Uno pagano, utilitario, referente a la casa, la salud Tierra (espacio bi dimensional) Suelo (cuerpo tridimensional) Dominio intangible sagradoSanto Luum es el espritu de la tierra En el se expresa el sincretismo indgena, colonial y moderno 23. Earth as a living entityshould be cared and feed (task made by humansand supernatural beings: Aluxes, the administratorsof natural phenomena) Has a direct relation with Health: individual, of thecomunity and of the enviroment. 24. Rituals mantein the material and symbolicbalance between scarcity and abundancemweeknes and strenght. They exsist at least 6 diferent types ofmodern ritual today Loh luum Healing or waking up the earth Hetz luum Feeding the earth Hanli kol Feeding the milpa Loh corral Heal domestic animals Sak Thanks to the winds Chac-chac Ask for rain 25. Ask permition Hetz luum Individual, familiar or group of familiesRitualperformed before establishing a new farmarea, house or young families zone for not disturbethe balance of the worldRestore order Loh luum Made in order to renovate or reinforce vs evil foceswich Hetz luum was not able to control or in an nonproductive farm or milpa. Is Kex. Re centring,restore, save, redee 26. The perpetual search for health or equilibriumwas a constant and fundamental thing inMayan cosmovision Ilumina todas las practicas materiales ysimblicas y opera como organizador de laproduccin y cultura material e inmaterial delos mayas yucatecos Es resultado del trabajo de los sereshumanos, las deidades y Santo Luum 27. Holstic Vision, sacred logic. Complex managment of a patched landscape. 28. Kosmos Concept of the universe, RitualsCorpus Knowledge: plants, animals, soils, landscapePraxis Ways of resourse use in the real world. 29. A tendency to certain stable state in nature Mayas profit from the diferent sucetional states ofrainforest in space and time and with respect2 things build recilence in Mayas Comunities The Concept of health (human, animals, nature) A flaxible apropation way to use space and resorces (selfconsume, economic profit) in a selective way dependingcircunstances. 30. This is based on a fine perception of environmentand human interaction in at least 4 levels Biologic: knowledge of species Practic: domesticated species Ecologic : masses of vegetation managment Geografic: understand and use of landscape This management involves multiscale (spatio-temporal) actions that maintains and enhancesrelationships in an abb socio-ecological system 31. Resilience is achieved by maintaining multipleuse strategy guided by two goals: Ensure self subsistence (materials, energy, food) Take advantage of niche markets and potential use With optimisation in space and time. 32. The multiple-use strategy (praxis) actually acquiresa set of explicit or implicit rules based on the bodyof knowledge (corpus) and sacred ecology(kosmos) that establishes subjective relationshipswith nature entities and seeks to maintain balancein the different scales of the human, natural andsacred.