eu mirroring strategy from refractory metals to general...

$: EU mirroring strategy from refractory metals to general ...prometia.eu/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/11_MSP-REFRAM-Mirroring_S... · EU mirroring strategy from refractory metals to general$
Final conference: WP7

EU mirroring strategy from refractory metals to general mirrors in raw materials

Santiago Cuesta-Lopez (ICCRAM)*, Rocío Barros (ICCRAM), Ana Diez de la Rosa (ADE – Junta Castilla y Leon)

*contact: [email protected] / [email protected] / [email protected]

9-10/3/2017

mailto:[email protected]



9-10/3/2017 REFRAM, Final Conference

Part of the key results from MSP-REFRAM are the final model and lessons learnt provided. Such methodology is potentially transferrable to other CRMs through specific vehicles like regional smart specialization strategies. - EU projects that can benefit from MSP-REFRAM methods and results* - we have identified EU regions that can clearly benefit generally from MSP-REFRAM

following “Mirroring strategies”

Identification of other CRM – model of REFRAM is transferable

* See MSP-REFRAM D7.2. REPORT SUMMARISING THE BEST PRACTICES MORE SUITABLE TO BE EXPORTED TO THE ANALYSIS OF THE WHOLE VALUE CHAIN OF OTHER CRMs. December 2016. Santiago Cuesta-López, Rocío Barros, Sonia Martel Martín, Iris García Iglesias, Gloria Rodríguez


http://www3.ubu.es/ccrms/

47

The structure of the MIREU consortium follows the EIT Raw Materials Knowledge triangle model, with the regions adding a fourth, central dimension (Fig.) in the triangle where the sides are formed from Academic, Research and Business partners working together to bridge the knowledge gap. In this sense, the EIT triangle model is taken one step further in the MIREU consortium, where the partners with special skills in various aspects work together for the regions to provide them with the best available knowledge and skills across Europe. The ERRIN network is placed in the centre with the regions, as it has an essential role as the region multiplier, through which new mining and metallurgy regions may be reached during and after the project. ERRIN will host the CoMMER working group, which will act as a forum for networking regions after the end of the project lifetime.

Figure 4. The MIREU consortium knowledge triangle The regions in the MIREU consortium are divided into two categories based on their capacity to take part in the planning and implementation of the project and their need for development. The core regions (Lapland, Castilla y León, Andalucía, Ireland, Saxony, and Styria) have an active role in the project at the work package level. The regional authorities in these pioneer regions are actively developing the mining and metallurgical industry value chain in their regional strategies such as Smart Specialisation (RIS3) and the Raw Materials Strategies and are bringing in their expertise in the project development. For those regions that are committed to the objectives of the MIREU proposal, but whose regional authorities do not have the capacity or man-power to take an active part in the development of the project, the participation model is second tier. These benefiter regions have the full benefit of participating in the project activities and the CoMMER. They will gain new insights and provide their input to the project through participation in the project workshops and answering questionnaires created in the work packages. During the MIREU project, a third group of regions, “hidden regions”, will be contacted and added to network of regions and the CoMMER.

This proposal version was submitted by Laura LAURI on 07/03/2017 15:04:01 Brussels Local Time. Issued by the Participant Portal Submission Service.

https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/eip-raw-materials/en/content/mining-regions-eu














Region of Portugal Norte (Portugal), where Panasqueira Mine is currently active, with 370 employees. A large tin-tungsten mine that started

production in 1898. Mining is dipping stacked quartz veins that lead into mineralized wolfram-bearing schist. The mineralized zone has

dimensions of approximately 2,500 m in length, varying in width from 400 m to 2,200 m, and continues to at least 500 m in depth. The mine

has a planned production for more 30 years.

Region of Castilla y León (Spain). Los Santos Mine is an open pit scheelite skarn deposit located approximately 50 kilometres from Salamanca

in western Spain and produces tungsten concentrate. The mine was originally opened in 2008 and commissioned in July 2010 by its former

owner, Almonty Industries (same as Panasqueira Mine). The mine is currently producing at a rate of around 0.5m tonnes per year of ore,

yielding some 70,000 metric tonne units (MTU) of tungsten in concentrate of ore grading 0.3% tungsten.

Austria owns one of the most substantial tungsten deposits in Europe,

Mittersill mine. For more than 30 years, the Wolfram Bergbau- und Hütten-

GmbH operates in Mittersill a tungsten mine to supply the smelter with

the necessary raw material. At present 430,000 tons of ore are mined per

year with an average grade of 0.38 % WO3. The underground part of the

mineralization within the Felbertal has a dip of 55° and plunges to the

WNW. The mined ore body thickness varies between 8 and 60 m. The

chosen mining method depends on the thickness, overburden and rock

stability of the ore bodies. Sublevel caving as well as sublevel stopping with

hydraulic backfill is being applied. The mine uses both, top hammer and

DTH drilling. Mucking is done by modern LHDs.

Devon (England). The Drakelands Mine at the Hemerdon

Tungsten and Tin Project has one of the Western world's

largest tungsten and tin resources, where more than 200

people are permanently employed on site. The mine was

out of operation since 1944, except for the brief operation

of a trial mine in the 1980s, but work started to re-open it in

2014. It hosts the fourth largest tin-tungsten deposit in the

world. The tungsten deposit at the Drakelands Mine is

essentially a north-northeast trending dyke, approximately

140 m wide dipping steeply to the east. It hosts a stock

work of greisen-bordered quartz veins, bearing wolframite

and cassiterite, with minor tourmaline and sulphide

minerals. The mineralisation has been demonstrated by

drilling to persist to 400 m below ground surface.


Summary of strategic plan guidance for fostering mining (in particular W) within the region of Castilla y Leon*. Template model to be transferred

* See details of the full strategy in MSP-REFRAM D7.2. REPORT SUMMARISING THE BEST PRACTICES MORE SUITABLE TO BE EXPORTED TO THE ANALYSIS OF THE WHOLE VALUE CHAIN OF OTHER CRMs. December 2016. Santiago Cuesta-López, Rocío Barros, Sonia Martel Martín, Iris García Iglesias, Gloria Rodríguez

Estrategia de Recursos Minerales

de Castilla y León 2016-2020.

(STRATEGY OF MINERAL

RESOURCES IN CASTILLA Y

LEON 2016-2020). General

Directorate for Energy and Mining.

Castilla y León Regional

Government)


OTHER ‘MIRRORING’ CRITICAL RAW MATERIALS IDENTIFIED

This 4 critical raw materials, we have identified (D7.2 REFRAM), are due

to their particularities, value-chain, properties and use, and importance for

EU, clear targets to apply the lessons learnt and the methodology from

MSP-REFRAM


Summary

Beryllium, being a very expensive metal, tends to be used only where its properties are needed and no

reasonable substitute can deliver the desired result. In particular in safety related applications (e.g. anti-lock

brake systems in cars, some aerospace), reduced performance/durability is unacceptable.

Figure 3: Distribution of end-uses and corresponding substitutability assessment for beryllium. The manner

and scaling of the assessment is compatible with the work of the Ad-hoc Working Group on Defining

Critical Raw Materials (2010).

Distribution of end-uses and corresponding substitutability

assessment for beryllium. The manner and scaling of the

assessment is compatible with the work of the Ad-hoc Working

Group on Defining Critical Raw Materials (2010).

**Credit/Reference: CRM_innonet EU-FP7. D3.3 Raw Materials Profiles. September 2013.

Importance for Europe at a glance

Beryllium is not mined in the EU/EEA. However, given estimated global reserve levels and current consumption rates, the supply in the USA of the ores could satisfy EU and world demand for over 100 years.

Use over 56,000 Kg/year of beryllium in all forms. Over 500 SME and 40 larger enterprises use beryllium. Employing over 10,000 employees.

Mechanical Equipment

With a share of 25%, the manufacture of mechanical equipment represents a

key use of beryllium. Due to its high mechanical and thermal properties

relative to its weight, especially compared to other materials, beryllium is used

as a low-density metal

The electronics & ICT sector accounts for 20% of European beryllium end-

use. After further processing, it is primarily used to increase the electrical

conductivity

Electrical equipment & domestic appliances

The electrical equipment & domestic appliances sector has a share of 20%

and uses beryllium copper

Road transport

The road transport sector, which has a share of 15% in European beryllium

end-use, mainly uses beryllium copper alloys in automobile connectors for air-

bag crash sensor, anti-lock brake systems and modifier for aluminium and

magnesium castings

Aerospace11

A 13% share of total beryllium consumption goes to use in alloys for aircrafts,

mainly because of its mechanical properties.

Extraction of beryllium

Beryllium hydroxide or

oxide

Beryllium chloride or

fluoride

Reduction to metallic

beryllium

Refining process

Other treatments

Applications, recycling & end of life

Mining Processing Manufacturing End

use


Min

e c

hr

om

ite

or

es

Extraction by alkaline dissolution

Roast ground chrome

Reduction Electrowinning

Crystallization Electrolysis -

Metallothermics

Extraction by acidic dissolution

Removing Fe, Al and Mg

Purification Production

electrolitic Cr

Production of chromium metal

Applications, recycling & end of

life

Chromium is a bluish-white, corrosion-resistant and hard metal mostly used in

chromium plating and as an essential component of stainless steel, other alloy

steels (e.g. ferrochromium) and nonferrous alloys. Pure chromium is magnetic and

brittle, but when alloyed, it is malleable and can be polished to a silvery and

lustrous finish.

The biggest share (>90%) of total chromite ore extracted is consumed by the metallurgical industry, as it has a strengthening effect and increases corrosion resistance in steel alloys. The remaining chromite is used in the aeronautics (e.g. protection of aluminium aircraft bodies) and in the refractory (e.g. manufacturing bricks, blast furnaces, cement kilns, metal casting, etc.), foundry (e.g. foundry sands) and chemical industry (e.g. leather tanning, cosmetics, wood preservatives, catalysts, etc.). Report on Critical Raw Materials for the EU Critical Raw Materials Profiles, European Commission, 2015

Presence in Europe

The EU has always been an importer of chromite ores

and concentrates, due to a lack of internal supply and

to demand from the steel industry. According to US

Geological Survey statistics, world resources are

greater than 12 billion tons of shipping-grade

chromite, sufficient to supply it for centuries. It is to

highlight that around 95% of the world’s chromium

resources is geographically concentrated in

Kazakhstan and Southern Africa.


(*) The ‘Substitutability index’ is a measure of the difficulty in substituting the material, scored and weighted across all applications. Values are between 0 and 1, with 1 being the least substitutable.

120 For DG Enterprise and Industry

Annex E – Further Data and Detailed Results of Criticality Assessment

This Annex contains the following information: end uses, megasector assignment and substitution values, a summary of economic importance and supply risk calculations, a comparison of results for 2013 and 2010, and large format results charts.

End uses, megasector assignment and substitution values

Material Application Share Megasector Value (GVA) Substitutability

Aluminium Transport 37% Transport-Road 147.4 0.7

Aluminium Building 26% Construction 104.4 0.5

Aluminium Packaging 16% Metals 164.6 0.7

Aluminium Engineering 14% MechEquip 182.4 0.7

Aluminium Others 7% Other 63.3 0.5

Antimony Flame Retardants 52% Chemicals 108.8 0.7

Antimony Lead-acid batteries (automotive) 20% Transport-Road 147.4 0.7

Antimony Lead Alloys 11% Metals 164.6 0.3


Antimony Lead-acid batteries (other) 7% Electrical 88.1 0.7

Barytes Weighting agent in gas- and oil-well drilling fluids

95% Oil 50.0 1.0

Barytes Others (paints, plastics, rubber, automobile brake and clutch pads, automobile paint)

5% Other 63.3 0.5

Bauxite Aluminium production 86% Metals 164.6 1.0

Bauxite Nonmetallurgical uses 10% Chemicals 108.8 0.5

Bauxite Others 4% Other 63.3 0.5

Bentonite Pet litter 29% Other 63.3 0.3

Bentonite Foundry molding sands 24% Metals 164.6 0.7

Bentonite Pelletizing of iron ore 21% Mining 4.5 0.7

Bentonite Civil engineering 11% Construction 104.4 0.5

Bentonite Specialties 4% Chemicals 108.8 0.7

Bentonite Paper 4% Paper 41.3 0.5

Bentonite Food & wine production 4% Food 165.0 0.7

Bentonite Drilling fluids 2% Oil 50.0 0.7

Beryllium Mechanical equipment 25% MechEquip 182.4 0.9

Beryllium Electrical equipment and domestic appliances

20% Electrical 88.1 0.9

Beryllium Electronics & IT 20% Electronics 104.9 0.7

Beryllium Road transport 15% Transport-Road 147.4 0.9

Beryllium Aircraft, shipbuilding and trains 10% Transport-Other 51.2 1.0

Beryllium Others 4% Other 63.3 0.5

Beryllium Rubber, plastics and glass 3% Plastic 98.1 0.7

Beryllium Metals 3% Metals 164.6 1.0

Borate Glass 51% Plastic 98.1 1.0

Borate Frits & ceramics 14% Construction 104.4 0.7

Borate Agriculture 13% Chemicals 108.8 1.0

Borate Chemicals 8% Chemicals 108.8 0.5

Borate Metallurgy 5% Metals 164.6 1.0

Borate Construction materials 4% Construction 104.4 0.7

Borate Industrial fluids 2% Chemicals 108.8 0.5

Borate Other 2% Other 63.3 0.5

Borate Detergents 1% Chemicals 108.8 0.7

Borate Flame retardants 1% Chemicals 108.8 0.3

Chromium Stainless steel 88% Metals 164.6 1.0

Chromium Steel 9% Metals 164.6 0.7

















95% Oil 50.0 1.0


5% Other 63.3 0.5

















































95% Oil 50.0 1.0


5% Other 63.3 0.5

































For DG Enterprise and Industry 125


Silver Others 17% Other 63.3 0.5

Silver Photography 8% Chemicals 108.8 0.3

Silver Brazing Alloys & Solders 7% Metals 164.6 0.7

Silver Photovoltaics 6% Electronics 104.9 1.0

Silver Ethylene Oxide industry 3% Chemicals 108.8 0.7

Talc Plastics 31% Plastic 98.1 0.3

Talc Paint 21% Chemicals 108.8 0.3

Talc Paper 15% Paper 41.3 0.3

Talc Agriculture 12% Chemicals 108.8 0.7

Talc Ceramics 9% Construction 104.4 0.3

Talc Rubber 4% Plastic 98.1 0.7

Talc Others 4% Other 63.3 0.5

Talc Cosmetics & pharmaceuticals 3% Pharma 85.9 0.7

Talc Food 1% Food 165.0 0.7

Tantalum Capacitors 40% Electronics 104.9 0.3

Tantalum Superalloys 21% Metals 164.6 0.7

Tantalum Sputtering targets 12% Electronics 104.9 1.0

Tantalum Mill products 11% MechEquip 182.4 0.7

Tantalum Carbides 10% MechEquip 182.4 0.3

Tantalum Chemicals 6% Chemicals 108.8 1.0

Tellurium Photovoltaics 40% Electronics 104.9 0.3

Tellurium Thermoelectrics 30% Electronics 104.9 0.7

Tellurium Metallurgy 15% Metals 164.6 0.3

Tellurium Others 10% Other 63.3 0.5

Tellurium Rubber Formulation 5% Plastic 98.1 0.3

Tin Solder (eletronics) 45% Electronics 104.9 0.7

Tin Tinplate (packaging) 16% Metals 164.6 0.3

Tin Chemicals and Pigments 15% Chemicals 108.8 0.7

Tin Solder (industrial) 9% MechEquip 182.4 0.7

Tin Others 8% Other 63.3 0.5

Tin Brass and Bronze 5% Metals 164.6 0.3

Tin Float Glass 2% Plastic 98.1 0.7

Titanium Paint 56% Chemicals 108.8 0.3

Titanium Plastic 27% Plastic 98.1 0.3

Titanium Paper 9% Paper 41.3 0.3

Titanium Welding rod coatings and manufacturing carbides, chemicals and metal

5% Metals 164.6 0.7

Titanium Others 3% Other 63.3 0.7

Tungsten Cemented carbides 60% MechEquip 182.4 0.7

Tungsten Fabricated products 17% Electrical 88.1 0.7

Tungsten Alloy steels (mainly tool steel, >80%) 13% MechEquip 182.4 0.7

Tungsten Superalloys 6% Metals 164.6 0.7

Tungsten Tungsten alloys 4% MechEquip 182.4 0.7

Vanadium Full alloy incl tool steel 32% MechEquip 182.4 0.5

Vanadium HSLA steel long products 25% Metals 164.6 0.3

Vanadium HSLA steel plate 18% Metals 164.6 0.3

Vanadium Carbon steel 13% Metals 164.6 0.7

Vanadium Titanium alloys 5% Metals 164.6 1.0

Vanadium Chemicals 4% Chemicals 108.8 0.3

Vanadium Other iron & steel 2% Metals 164.6 0.5

Vanadium Other (mainly batteries) 1% Other 63.3 0.5

Zinc Galvanizing 50% Metals 164.6 0.7

Zinc Brass and Bronze 17% Metals 164.6 0.5

Zinc Zinc Alloying 17% Metals 164.6 0.7

Zinc Chemicals 6% Chemicals 108.8 1.0

Zinc Zinc semi-manufactures 6% Metals 164.6 0.5

Zinc Miscellaneous 4% Other 63.3 0.5

For DG Enterprise and Industry 123


Manganese Non-steel alloys 6% Metals 164.6 0.7

Manganese Other 5% Other 63.3 0.5

Manganese Domestic appliances 4% Electrical 88.1 1.0

Manganese Batteries (cathodes) 2% Electronics 104.9 0.0

Manganese Shipyards 1% Transport-Other 51.2 1.0

Molybdenum Oil and Gas 18% Oil 50.0 1.0

Molybdenum Chemical/Petrochemical 15% Chemicals 108.8 1.0

Molybdenum Automotive 14% Transport-Road 147.4 1.0

Molybdenum Mechanical Engineering 12% MechEquip 182.4 1.0

Molybdenum Power Generation 8% Electrical 88.1 1.0

Molybdenum Process Industry 8% MechEquip 182.4 1.0

Molybdenum Other Transportation 7% Transport-Other 51.2 1.0

Molybdenum Others 7% Other 63.3 0.5

Molybdenum Building / Construction 6% Construction 104.4 0.3

Molybdenum Aerospace & Defence 3% Transport-Other 51.2 1.0

Molybdenum Electronics & Medical 2% Electronics 104.9 1.0

Natural Graphite Electrodes 34% Metals 164.6 1.0

Natural Graphite Others 24% Other 63.3 0.5

Natural Graphite Refractories 20% Metals 164.6 0.7

Natural Graphite Lubricants 6% Chemicals 108.8 0.3

Natural Graphite Foundries 5% Metals 164.6 0.7

Natural Graphite Batteries 4% Electronics 104.9 0.3

Natural Graphite Graphite Shapes 4% MechEquip 182.4 1.0

Natural Graphite Friction Products 2% Transport-Road 147.4 0.7

Natural Graphite Recarburising 1% Metals 164.6 0.3

Natural rubber Tyres (land vehicles) & other automotive 87% Transport-Road 147.4 0.9

Natural rubber General (non-automotive) 12% Plastic 98.1 0.3

Natural rubber Tyres (aircraft) 1% Transport-Other 51.2 1.0

Nickel Stainless steel 61% Metals 164.6 0.7

Nickel Nickel base alloys 12% Metals 164.6 0.7

Nickel Alloy steel 9% Metals 164.6 0.7

Nickel Plating 7% Metals 164.6 1.0

Nickel Other 5% Other 63.3 0.5

Nickel Copper base alloys 2% Metals 164.6 1.0

Niobium Steel: Structural 31% Construction 104.4 0.7

Niobium Steel: Automotive 28% Transport-Road 147.4 0.7

Niobium Steel: Pipeline 24% Oil 50.0 0.7

Niobium Superalloys 8% Metals 164.6 0.7

Niobium Others 6% Other 63.3 0.5

Niobium Steel: Chemical industry 3% MechEquip 182.4 0.7

Perlite Formed products 53% Other 63.3 0.5

Perlite Fillers 15% Construction 104.4 0.3

Perlite Horticultural aggregate 14% Food 165.0 0.3

Perlite Filter aid 10% Beverages 37.0 0.3

Perlite Others 5% Other 63.3 0.5

Perlite Plaster aggregate 1% Construction 104.4 0.3

Perlite High-temperature insulation 1% Construction 104.4 0.3

Perlite Concrete aggregate 1% Construction 104.4 0.3

Phosphate Rock

Wet-process phosphoric acid and superphosphoric acid (used as intermediate feedstocks in the manufacture of granular and liquid ammonium phosphate fertilizers and animal feed supplements)

95% Chemicals 108.8 1.0

Phosphate Rock Others 5% Other 63.3 0.5

PGMs Autocatalyst 55% Transport-Road 147.4 1.0

PGMs Jewellery 17% Other 63.3 0.3

PGMs Electronics 10% Electronics 104.9 1.0

PGMs Chemical & Electrochemical 7% Chemicals 108.8 1.0

* Credit: Study on Critical Raw Materials at EU Level, Oakdene Hollins and Fraunhofer ISI


Conclusions

• MSP-REFRAM has produced a useful and successful methodology to map refractory metals in EU.

• MSP-REFRAM has identified a collection of EU projects with potential synergies to be exploited with respect to the lessons learnt in refractory metals.

• In particular, MSP-REFRAM has identified about 65 EU regions with Raw Materials strategy (direct or indirectly) declared within their RIS3. About 30 regions have been involved in a common EU initiative under the EIP MIREU commitment for a sustainable inter-regional mining roadmap.

• About 10 key regions are directly linkable to be transferred good practices from Castilla y Leon as result of REFRAM activity.

• 4 Regions have been identified in synchrony creating a model for W mining promotion.

• Importantly, 4 CRMs have been preliminary analysed (Cr, Mg, Be, Si) and proposed as future targets for applying REFRAM methods and good practices.

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