eu-philippines energy meeting 29 may 2013,...
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Dr. Lee Dr. Lee SiewSiew EangEang Department of BuildingDepartment of Building National University of SingaporeNational University of Singapore
EUEU--Philippines Energy MeetingPhilippines Energy Meeting 29 May 2013, Manila29 May 2013, Manila
How Energy Efficiency Issues are being Handled?
OECD Countries ASIAN Emerging
Government Regulate
Energy Targets and Codes
NGO Manage
Green Building Development
Government Promote and Regulate
Greening Building and Built Environment
Energy targets are embedded in Green Building requirements
NGO managed GBC
seen as Industry Support
Singapore’s Approach
Achieving Energy Achieving Energy Achieving Energy Achieving Energy
Efficiency through Efficiency through
Green BuildingGreen Building
DevelopmentDevelopment
Balancing Energy Efficiency with
Livability
Balancing Green Balancing Green Building with
Economic Development
Energy Water Resource
Greenery Pollution Avoidance
Climate Change Mitigation
Clean and Green Livability in City
Green Green BuiltBuilt
Green Green BuiltBuilt
EnvironmentEnvironment
Development & Job Creation
Support Economic
Development & Job Creation
The Issues:
Structuring the Green Building Assessment Method:
Green Mark Scheme and Energy Efficiency
61.1%
22.1%
8.9%
4.2%
3.7%
Energy Efficiency
Environmental Protection
Water Efficiency
Indoor Environmental Quality
Other Green Features & Innovations
20.3%
18.6%
16.9%
11.6%
9.9%
8.1%
7.0% 4.7%
2.9%
Green Star Healthcare - Percentage of Points
Materials
Indoor Environmental
Quality Energy
Emissions
Management
Water
Transportation
Getting the Act right:Getting the Act right:
First, Energy EfficiencyFirst, Energy Efficiency
then Renewablesthen Renewables
Renewable Sources
EfficiencyEfficiency MeasuresMeasures
Life Style
Energy Efficiency
Environment Business
Objectives
Strategic BusinessStrategic Business Decisions/DirectionsDecisions/Directions
Concept of Energy Efficiency
Meeting Future NeedsMeeting Future Needs: Advocating Right Approach : Advocating Right Approach
The Establishment of a The Establishment of a Strong Energy Strong Energy Services Sector Services Sector
EnergyEnergy AuditsAudits
EnergyEnergy RetrofitsRetrofits
PerformancePerformance ContractContract
ProjectProject FinancingFinancing
EnergyEnergy ManagementManagement
ProcurementProcurement
PolicyPolicy DevelopmentDevelopment
Research &Research & DevelopmentDevelopment
Capacity Development
Data + Knowledge Bases Development
Market Structure and Stratification
Incentive and Promotion
Strategic Development + R&D
Important Initiatives Important Initiatives in Singapore in Singapore
Capacity Development
Data+Knowledge Base Development
Market Structure and Stratification
Incentive and Promotion
Strategic Development + R&D
SCEM Training SCEM Training ProgrammeProgramme
BenchmarksBenchmarks, PMVP, , PMVP, Info Info Centre Centre
ESCOs AccreditationESCOs Accreditation
eASEeASE/GMIS/GMDP/GMIS/GMDP
ModelingModeling/GT Test/GT Test--Bed/Bed/CC Tech.CC Tech.
AwarenessAwareness
APPLICATION GUIDELINES FOR THE ASSESSMENT AND ACCREDITATION OF ENERGY SERVICES COMPANIES
(AUDITING SERVICES)
1st Edition, February 2005
Certification Scheme Supported by:
EEnneerrggyy aanndd SSuussttaaiinnaabbiilliittyy UUnniitt ((EEDDBB’’ss LLEEAAPP PPaarrttnneerr)) Department of Building
School of Design and Environment National University of Singapore
4 Architecture Drive, Singapore 117566 Tel: 6874 4082 Fax: 6773 3837
Copyright © Energy Sustainability Unit, Feb 2005 No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without the written permission of the Energy Sustainability Unit.
T o w a r d s E n e r g y – E f f i c i e n t B u i l d i n g s a n d
A d v a n c i n g E n e r g y a n d S u s t a i n a b l e D e v e l o p m e n t
ESCOsESCOs Accreditation Accreditation
The The GUIDELINES FOR GUIDELINES FOR THE ASSESSMENT THE ASSESSMENT AND ACCREDITATION OF AND ACCREDITATION OF ENERGY SERVICES COMPANIES ENERGY SERVICES COMPANIES (AUDITING SERVICES)(AUDITING SERVICES)
10
Total Energy (kWh/m2)
A B
C
Hotel Classification
Research Programmes on
Energy Performance of Building
and Benchmarking
Cumulative Curve of Building Energy Efficiency
(Landlord) of Office Buildings in Singapore
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
65 95 125 155 185 215 245 275 More
Landlord building energy efficiency (kwh/sq m/year)
Cu
mu
lati
ve
pe
rce
nta
ge
(%
)
Benchmarking Energy PerformanceBenchmarking Energy Performance
Saving
BCA Green Mark Certification Process BCA Green Mark Certification Process
Chiller Plant Performance (kW/RT)
Verification
Update
*Ave EB Chiller Plant Efficiency Source: NEA
-2.22E-16
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.06 kW/RT*
0.83 kW/RT
0.73 kW/RT
2008 to 2011 2008 to 2011 2005 to 2008 2005 to 2008 From 2011 From 2011
Green Mark Version 3 Green Mark Version 4
Verified operating chiller plant efficiency
Design chiller plant efficiency
2nd Green Building Master Plan by Second IPE
2nd Green Building
Master Plan
Gov’t Taking
The Lead
Incentivising Private Sector
Development Work in Green
Building Technology
Building Industry Capabilities
through Training
International Profiling &
Raising Awareness
Imposing Minimum Standards
6 strategic thrusts with emphasis on existing buildings, beyond and within buildings
Engage International Experts: Learn from the Best
Planned Development Strategy
MasterMaster PlanPlan 11
MasterMaster PlanPlan 22
MasterMaster PlanPlan 33
Building Codes Building Codes Building Codes Building Codes UpdateUpdate
Accelerate Accelerate Accelerate Accelerate Building Building RetrofitRetrofit
Mobilizing the Mobilizing the Mobilizing the Mobilizing the End UsersEnd Users
Building Codes Building Codes Capacity Capacity Building
Incentivizing
Incentivizing Private Sector
Research and
Research and Development
Public Sector
Public Sector Take the Lead
Raising Public Raising Public Awareness
2007 2010 2013
Imposing
Minimum
Standards on
Environmental
Sustainability
April 2008. All New Buildings and Existing Buildings undergoing
major retrofitting works (with GFA ≥ 2000 m2) to meet at least Green
Mark Certified Standard
Incentives & Financing Assistance
For Existing Buildings
S$100mil INCENTIVES FOR RETROFITTING
EXISTING BUILDINGS (SINCE 2009)
Building Retrofit Energy Efficiency Building Retrofit Energy Efficiency
Financing (BREEF) SchemeFinancing (BREEF) Scheme
Provide financing to undertake Provide financing to undertake
energy efficiency retrofitsenergy efficiency retrofits
• Three-yearly energy audit on cooling system
• Annual submission of building info & energy consumption data
• Min. GM standard for existing buildings when cooling system is retrofitted
Legislation passed in Sept 2012 Legislation passed in Sept 2012
Chiller Plant Load and Efficiency 3-Yearly System Efficiency Audit
24 hr operation (Hotel, Lab)
Non-24 hr operation (Office Bldgs, Retail Malls)
GFA 20,000 m2 to 30,000 m2 20,000 m2 to 110,000 m2
Retrofit Cost $1.5 mil to $3.5 mil $1 mil to $9.5 mil
Cost Saving per yr $250,000 to $1 mil $110,000 to 1.4 mil
Retrofit Cost per m2 $60 /m2 to $110 /m2 $60 /m2 to $100 /m2
Cost Saving per m2 per yr $15 /m2 to $30 /m2 $10 /m2 to $15 /m2
Payback period 3.5 to 6 yrs 5 to 7.5 yrs
Average Payback 4.3 yrs ~6 yrs
Strong Business Case for
Energy Efficiency Retrofits
Achievement of ESCO Accreditation and the EASe Programme
• Total No. of Energy Audit 146 applications
From 2007-2009
No. of
applications
Grant
Claimed
Actual Capital
Expenditure
Actual
Savings
Implemented 38 $1,152,740 $49,523,061 $11,988,580
Not
implemented
43 $547,541 $37,518,909 $9,677,199
In progress 65 $562,062
Speed of development and Incentive System
Where we are today
17 33 127
239
427
736
1180 1274
11.5 22.9 61.7
107.6
164.8
247.6
392.9
416.6
0.0 50.0 100.0 150.0 200.0 250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12 (Sep
2012)
GFA (million ft2)
Number of building projects
Green Mark Building Projects in Singapore (by floor area)
416.6 million ft2
1,274 Green Mark
Buildings
17% of total
existing bldg floor space
(6 mths)
Energy Consumption Distribution among Commercial Buildings
Energy Consumption Distribution of Building
Systems with respect to Total Energy
Consumption for three classes of Office building
35.18
12.5417.18
13.79
21.31
41.87
0
11.89
32
69.76
1.02 1.6
16.2713.3211.35
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Air-conditioner
system
Lighting
system
Office
equipment &
miscellaneous
electrical
appliance
Perc
en
tag
e e
nerg
y c
on
su
mp
tio
n (
%)
126.72
kwh/year/sq m
198.48
kwh/year/sq m
355.46
kwh/year/sq m
Potential Energy Saving and ROI of Buildings with respect to Age
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
4 6 7 8 12 15 16 19 20
Ret
urn
in In
vest
me
nt
(Ye
ars)
En
erg
y Sa
vin
g (%
)
Age of Building (Years)
ROI and Saving versus Age of Building
ROI
Saving(%)
23
Type of Retrofit
Replacement of Chillers
Replace all pumps and install VSD for pumps, install CPA
Replace all tertiary pumps, remove balancing valves and fine tuning pump control
Install CO sensor and VSD for car park fans
Install VSD for all pumps and CTs, remove constant flow valve @ chillers; implement chiller plant optimization programme
Cost (S$) per unit Saving (kWh)
1.40-2.00
1.16
0.88
0.85
0.50
Types of Energy Conservation Measure
with respect to Cost of Retrofit
Various Energy Conservation Options
for the Air-conditioning System
25
Endorsed by:
This certified Program is Recognized by:
Economic Development Board of Singapore
Energy Market Authority of Singapore
National Environment Agency
Building and Construction Authority
Singapore Institution of Engineers
International Facility Manager Association Singapore Chapter
Sustainable Energy Association of Singapore
Singapore Manufacturers’ Federation
ZEB@BCAA, Singapore
Green Building Research Green Buildings
• Usage of Low-e glass • Strategically placed shading devices • Energy efficient lamps • Photovoltaic systems
• Technologically advanced chillers, variable speed drives, and personalised ventilation systems (40% reduction in energy required to cool the building)
ConclusionConclusion
1. Green Building can achieve Energy Efficiency improvement
through careful design of assessment method.
2. It is important to establish a strong Energy Services Sector
through training and ESCOs Accreditation.
3. Energy performance research to provide accurate and useful
technical data to support decisions making is important.
4. Updating codes and incentivising the private sector can
enhance the marketing take up rate significantly.
5. Public sector taking the lead can provide the early stage
demonstrations and generate market confidence.
Thank youThank you
Centre for Total Building Performance
A BCA-NUS Centre for Tropical Building Research
Lee Siew Eang
Director, Centre for Total Building Performance Head, Energy Sustainability Unit Department of Building School of Design and Environment National University of Singapore
www.ctbp.bdg.nus.edu.
sg