EURO 4/IV-PH FUEL SPECIFICATIONS

Supporting the Implementation and Advancement of

Vehicle Emission Policies in Southeast Asia

February 24, 2016

RA 8479 - Downstream Oil Industry Deregulation Act

ensure a truly competitive market for petroleum products under a regime

of fair price, adequate and continuous supply of environmentally, clean

and high quality petroleum products

RA 8749 - Clean Air Act of 1999

set the specifications for all types of fuel and fuel-related products

(Sec.26)

set every two (2) years or thereafter or as the need arises, the

specification of ULG and diesels shall be reviewed and revised (Sec. 26)

RA 9367 - Biofuels Act of 2006

establish technical fuel quality standards for biofuels and biofuel-blended

gasoline and diesel which comply with the PNS (Sec. 7c)

Standardization Mandate

Chairs : DOE and DENR

Members

Government : BPS-DTI, ITDI-DOST

Fuel Sector : Petron, Shell, Chevron, PIP, IPPCA

Engine Suppliers / Mnftrs : CAMPI, AMMDA, MDPPA

Consumer Sector / NGO : FilCar Foundation, AWMA

Academe : UP-NCTS, AIPSI

Technical Committee on Petroleum

Products & Additives (TCPPA)

PHILIPPINES EURO 4/IV FUEL DEBATE

July 2008 – DOE sponsored workshop “EURO IV and the

Philippine Biofuels Law”

■ November 2009 – “National Clean Fuels and Vehicles Workshop ”

organized by DOE supported CAI-Asia.

- objective was to come up with an Action Plan with

concrete next steps for moving towards cleaner fuels

and vehicles in the Philippines.

■ 2011- 2012 - TCPPA meetings to deliberate/draft/finalize Euro 4/IV

fuel specifications and timing of introduction

■ 2010- 2015 - DENR/EMB consultation meetings with OEMs and oil

industry to discuss and agree on emission standards

and timing of implementation.

The issue: Pollution problem in Metro Manila, mainly TSP from diesel vehicles exacerbated by worsening traffic conditions.

Oxidation catalystParticulate Trap

Diesel Particulate

Filter (DPF)

Can help reduce

particulate matters

Diesel Oxidation Catalysts (DOC)

Can help achieve reductions in CO, HC and destroy the organic

fraction of the particulate matter

(EGR)

DIESEL VEHICLE TECHNOLOGIES TO MEET EURO IV

EMISSIONS

DEVELOPMENT OF EURO 4/IV – PH

FUEL STANDARD

Key Considerations:

■ Develop Euro 4/IV-type fuel specifications (not just copy other

country specs) to support DENR DAO 2010-23 which provides

that:

■ Adopt a science based approach, matching fuel quality with

technology to address the major pollutant in Metro Manila, i.e.,

diesel particulate emissions.

■ Security of supply

■ Local refining capability

■ Cost impact

■ Benchmark with Euro 4 fuel specifications of other Asean

countries, e.g., Malaysia Euro 4M - 50 ppm S and 3.5% benzene.

EURO 4/IV – PH FUEL STANDARD

Euro 4/IV gasoline and diesel vehicle engine technologies, particularly

diesel particulate filters (DPF), require 50 ppm sulfur.

Sulfur reduction (50 ppm) is therefore a key enable for the

introduction of Euro 4/IV-emission compliant vehicles.

In 2012, the TCPPA finalized the draft DPNS/DOE QS 004:2012 for

ADO (B2) and DPNS/DOE QS 008:2012 for Ethanol Blended

Gasoline (E10)

Upgrade gasoline fuel grades based on Research Octane Number

(91, 95 & 97 RON, minimum) to fit for purpose with current vehicle

fuel requirement alongside with the full implementation of the 10%

ethanol blend mandate.

Introduction of Euro 4/IV-PH gasoline and diesel fuel grades (50

ppm Sulfur).

PROPERTYEURO 4-PH

Gasoline Test Method

Appearance

Clear and bright, visibly free of suspended or precipitated

contaminants

Visual

Color91RON – Green95RON – Red97R ON– Blue

Visual

Copper corrosion, 3 hr @ 50OC, max. 1 PNS ASTM D130

Density at 15 OC, kg/L, max. 0.725-0.783PNS ASTM D1298 orPNS ASTM D4052

Distillation temperature, 0C at: PNS ASTM D86

10% recovered, max 70

50% recovered 70-110

90% recovered, max 180

End point, max 215

Residue, % vol., max. 2

Existent gum, mg/100 mL, max. PNS ASTM D381

Hydrocarbons a :

Aromatics, % vol., max. 35

PNS ASTM D5443 orPNS ASTM D5580 orPNS ASTM D5769 orPNS ASTM D5986 orPNS ASTM D6729 orPNS ASTM D6730 orPNS/ASTM D6839

Benzene, % vol., max. 2

PNS ASTM D3606 orPNS ASTM D5443 orPNS ASTM D5580 orPNS ASTM D5769 orPNS ASTM D5986 orPNS ASTM D6277 orPNS ASTM D6729 orPNS ASTM D6730 orPNS/ASTM D6839

PROPERTYEURO 4-PH

Gasoline Test Method

Ethanol (C2) b , % vol. 9.0-10

PNS ASTM D4815 orPNS ASTM D5599 orPNS ASTM D5845 orPNS ASTM D5986 orPNS ASTM D6729 orPNS ASTM D6730 orPNS/ASTM D 6839

Ethers (e.g. MTBE) c, d , % vol., max. 2

PNS ASTM D4815 orPNS ASTM D5599 orPNS ASTM D5845 orPNS ASTM D5986 orPNS ASTM D6729 orPNS/ASTM D 6730 orPNS/ASTM D 6839

Lead Content (not added) c , g/L, max. 0.005PNS ASTM D3237 orPNS ASTM D3348 orPNS ASTM D5059

Octane rating, min.

Research Octane Number (RON) 91/95/97 PNS ASTM D2699

Sulfur, % mass, max. 0.005

PNS ASTM D1266 orPNS ASTM D2622 orPNS ASTM D4294 or

PNS ASTM D5453

Vapor Pressure, @ 37.8 0C, kPa, max.68 (RON 91)

62 (RON 95/97)

PNS ASTM D4953 orPNS ASTM D5191 or

PNS ASTM D5482

Water content, % v/v, max.PNS ASTM E203 orPNS ASTM D6304

a Based on certificate from production site. The product shall not contain methanolb As per specification for Fuel Bioethanol in the PNS of Anhydrous Bioethanol Fuelc Allowable contamination tolerance only. Intentional addition not permitted for both

imported and locally-produced gasolined Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ethere To be reported quarterly with Motor Octane Number (MON) using ASTM D 2700f Oxygen content to be reported preferably not to exceed 4.0% mass max.g Euro 4-PH (50 ppm sulfur) gasolines to be introduced not later than January 1, 2016.

PNS/DOE QS 008:2012 – Euro 4-PH Gasoline

PROPERTY EURO 4-PHb Test Methods

Cetane number, min.orDerived cetane number, min.

50

PNS ASTM D 613

PNS ASTM D 6890 orPNS ASTM D 7170

Carbon residue on 10%Distillation residue, % mass, max.

0.15

Conradson orRamsbottoms orMicro

PNS ASTM D 189 orPNS ASTM D 524 orPNS ASTM D 4530

Color, ASTM 2.5 max. PNS ASTM D 1500

Copper strip corrosion, 3h at 50 0C, max. No. 1PNS ASTM D 130 orPNS ISO 2160

Density at 15 0C, kg/L 0.820-0.860PNS ASTM D 1298 orPNS ASTM D 4052

Distillation, 90% recovered, 0C, max 370 PNS ASTM D 86

FAME a, content, % volume. 1.7-2.2PNS EN 14078 orPNS/DOE TM 01 orPNS/DOE TM 02

Flash point, Pensky-Martens, 0C, min. 55 PNS ASTM D 93

Kinematic viscosity, mm2/s at 400C 2.0-4.5PNS ASTM D 445PNS ASTM D 7042

Lubricity, (HRFF), wear scar dia. @ 60 0C, micron, max. 460 PNS ASTM D 6079

Methyl Laurate (C12 ME), % mass, min 0.8 PNS/DOE TM 01

Sulfur, % mass, max. 0.005PNS ASTM D 4294 orPNS ASTM D 2622 orPNS ASTM D5453

Water, % volume, max. b 0.05PNS ASTM D 6304 orPNS ISO 12937 orPNS ASTM E 203

Water and sediment, % volume, max. 0.10 PNS ASTM D 2709

a As per PNS for B100b Euro IV-PH (50 ppm sulfur) automotive diesel oil (ADO) to be introduced not later than January 1, 2016.

PNS/DOE QS 004:2012 – Euro IV-PH ADO (B2)

STANDARD IMPLEMENTATION

DC NO. 2015-06-0004

Title

“Implementing the Corresponding Philippine National Standard

Specifications for the EURO 4/IV-PH Fuels Complying with the EURO

4/IV Emissions Standard”

Section 1. Mandatory Implementation.

Starting 01 January 2016, only gasoline and diesel fuels complying

with the standard specifications for Euro 4/IV-PH fuels prescribed in

PNS/DOE QS 008:2012 and PNS/DOE QS 004:2012, respectively

shall be allowed for sale at the bulk and retail levels in the country:

Provided, That while early introduction is desirable, proper labeling

pursuant to existing guidelines shall be observed.

Effectivity – June 08, 2015

EURO 5 ???

Thank you

Comparison of StandardsAAF Euro 4 gasoline vs E10 (PNS/DOE QS 008:2012)

Items UnitsEuro 4-PH Amended AAF Remarks

gasoline Recommendation Priority AAF vs PNS

Appearance

Clear and bright,

visibly free of

suspended or

precipitated

contaminants

AAF no specs recommended

Color

91 RON (Green) / 95

RON (Red / 97 RON

(Blue)

AAF - no specs recommended

Copper Corrosion 1 max. 1 max ★★★☆ same

Density kg/L 0.725 - 0.783 0.720 - 0.775 ★☆☆☆ AAF more strict

Distillation 0 C

T10 70 max. AAF no specs recommended

T50 70 - 110 75 -105 ★★★☆ AAF more strict

T90 180 max. 180 max. ★★★☆ same

EP 215 max. 210 max. ★★★☆ AAF more strict

Residue % vol 2 max. 2 max. ★★★☆ same

Octane Number

RON 91/95/97 min. 91/95/98 ★★★★ PNS same for 2 grades except the higher end

MON 81/85/88 ★★★☆ PNS no specs recommended

AKI PNS no specs recommended

Existent Gum (Washed) mg/100mL 4 max. 5 max. ★★★☆ AAF not strict

Hydrocarbons

Aromatics % vol 35 max. 35 max. ★★☆☆ same

Olefins 18 max. ★☆☆☆ PNS no specs recommended

Benzene % vol 2 max. 1.0 max. ★★☆☆ AAF more strict

Oxygenates

Oxygen % mass 3.7 max. PNS no specs recommended

Ethanol % vol 9.0 - 10 10 max. ★★★☆ AAF within the limit with PNS

Sulfur % mass 0.005 max 0.005 max. ★★★☆ same

Lead g/L 0.005 max Not detected ★★★★ AAF more strict

Manganese mg/L Not detected ★★★★ PNS no specs recommended

RVP kPa (psi)68 (91 RON)

62 (95/97 RON)S: 45 - 60

★★★☆ AAF more strict

Oxidation Stability min 480 min. ★★★☆ PNS no specs recommended

Water content % v/v 0.1 max. AAF no specs recommended

Comparison of StandardsAAF Euro 4 Diesel vs B2 (PNS/DOE QS 004:2012)

Items UnitsEuro IV-PH Amended AAF Remarks

ADO Recommendation Priority AAF vs PNS

Density kg/L 0.820-0.860 0.820 - 0.845 ★★☆☆ AAF more strict on the max. limit

Cetane Number

or

Derived cetane number

50 min. 51 min. ★★★☆ AAF more strict

Cetane Index 51 min. ★★★☆ AAF more strict

Color ASTM 2.5 max. AAF no specs recommended

Viscosity @40 0C mm2/s 2.0-4.5 2.0 - 4.5 ★★☆☆ same

Flash Point 0 C 55 min. 55 min ★★☆☆ same

Distillation 0 C

T50/90 370 max. Report ★★★☆ AAF more strict

T95 360 max. PNS no specs recommended

Hydrocarbons PNS no specs recommended

Aromatics - ★★☆☆

P A H 11 max. ★☆☆☆

Oxygenates

FAME vol,% 1.7-2.2 5 max. ★★★☆ PNS within the limit

Alcohol vol,% Not detected ★★★☆ PNS no specs recommended

Lubricity (HFRR) m m 460 max. 460 max. ★★★☆ same

Methyl laurate (C12 ME) % mass 0.8 max.specs exclusive for PNS (CME

feedstocks)

Sulfur % mass 0.005 max. 0.005 max. ★★★★ same

10% Carbon Residue % mass 0.15 max. 0.30 max. ★★☆☆ PNS more strict

Water % vol 0.05 max. 200 mg/kg, max. ★★★☆ AAF more strict

Water and Sediment % vol 0.10 max. AAF no specs recommended

Oxidation Stability g/m3 25 max. ★★★☆ PNS no specs recommended

Copper corrosion No. 1 max. 1 max. ★★★☆ same

Particulates mg/L 10 max. ★★★☆ PNS no specs recommendedAsh wt% 0.01 max. ★★☆☆ PNS no specs recommended