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©euroCRIS/Keith G Jeffery CRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture
20081009 1
CRISStakeholders, Benefits,
History, Process, ArchitectureKeith G Jeffery
President, euroCRIS
www.eurocris.org
©euroCRIS/Keith G Jeffery CRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture
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Agenda
• Introduction – speaker• CRIS Purpose & Stakeholders• CRIS development history• Where are we now • CERIF-CRIS at the centre of the
Organisation• Nirvana (the ideal CRIS environment)• Synthesis• Role of euroCRIS
©euroCRIS/Keith G Jeffery CRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture
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Who ?
• Director, IT & International Strategy– Strategy, advice
• International• UK Government• UK Research Councils• STFC• STFC Departments
– SSC Project Design Authority
• President ERCIM• President euroCRIS
©euroCRIS/Keith G Jeffery CRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture
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CCLRC-RAL Site
©euroCRIS/Keith G Jeffery CRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture
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Agenda
• Introduction – speaker• CRIS Purpose & Stakeholders• CRIS development history• Where are we now • CERIF-CRIS at the centre of the
Organisation• Nirvana (the ideal CRIS environment)• Synthesis• Role of euroCRIS
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CRIS
“a Current Research Information System, commonly known as "CRIS", is any information tool dedicated to provide access to and disseminate research information” (www.eurocris.org)
– A CRIS consists of• a datamodel describing objects of
interest to R&D• a tool or set of tools to manage the data
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PurposeCRIS
• To assist users in their recording, reporting and decision-making concerning the research process
• whether developing programmes, allocating funding, assessing projects, executing projects, generating results, assessing results or transferring technology
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• a tool for policy making• evaluation of research
based on outputs • document the research
activities • document research
output• a formal log of
research in progress• to assist project planning.
Purpose at institution level
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Purpose for Individual end users
• to evaluate opportunities for research funding
• avoid duplication of research activity
• analyse research trends, locally, regionally and internationally
• references/links to full text• locate new contacts/networks • identify new markets for
products of research
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The Users
• Research and Development Information– For the political decision-makers– For the funding organisations– For the entrepreneurs– For the researchers– For the innovators– For the media– For the general public
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©euroCRIS/Keith G Jeffery CRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture
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©euroCRIS/Keith G Jeffery CRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture
20081009
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©euroCRIS/Keith G Jeffery CRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture
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Agenda
• Introduction – speaker• CRIS Purpose & Stakeholders• CRIS development history• Where are we now • CERIF-CRIS at the centre of the
Organisation• Nirvana (the ideal CRIS environment)• Synthesis• Role of euroCRIS
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Early CRISpre-1985
• Described projects• Usually text only• Usually an ordered set of
(repeatable) fields, often in ‘punched card’ format
• Some had [<tag><value>] format• Usually monolingual• Based on library catalogue card
idea (i.e.metadata)
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Exceptions1980s
• BEST (UK) British Expertise in Science and Technology
• COS (USA) Community of Science
• LABO (FR) CNRS Laboratories Database
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CRIS InteroperationThe Need
• In Europe – recognised need for standard
format for interchange of R&D information
• Two reports– Conference of European Rectors
Conferences– Committee of Heads of Research
Funding Agencies
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CRIS Interoperation The Need (Wider)
• European Commission picked up the ideas
• 1987-1990 Put together a group of experts nominated by national governments
• Purpose to define a Common European Research Information Format (CERIF)
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CERIF 1991 experience &
problems
• Single-entry focus• Simple Record Format
– Project was an Entity with Persons, Organisations and other infomation represented as attributes
• Problems with repeating groups and relationships
• Research Classification Scheme recommended 1991 not updated since 1988
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CRISs and CERIF91in the 1990s
• CERIF91 needed updating– to handle problems from experience of use
• CRIS becoming more important – noticeable both in EC and national governments
• Also standard needed for ERGO (European Research Gateways Online) pilot initiative – A single central catalog of research projects
from national databases launched 1999– > 20 countries submitted data, > 90,000
records
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CRIS Conference
• The first conference on CRISs 1991– Bergen, Norway– Organised by Jostein Helland Hauge– Invited national experts as speakers
• Subsequent conferences until 2000– organised with the EC
• Conferences 2002 onwards– Organised by euroCRIS
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CRISRequirements 1990s
• cover projects , persons, organisations – and results: products, patents, publications– and facilities, equipment, events, services
• entities, not more attributes• lengths & types & language, character set• repeating groups (logical)• flexibility - relationships (conceptual)• better data quality • consistent coding (semantic)• record history (date/time)
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Project
Person / CV
Institution
Event
Equipment
Books
Journal/articlePatent
Research Group
Publisher
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PROJECT
ORGUNIT
Skills
CV
GeneralFacility
ParticularEquipment
ContactResults
PublicationResultsPatentResultsProduct
Service
FundingProgramme
Event
ClassificationPrize/Award
PERSON
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PROJECT
ORGUNITPERSON
Result_Publication
RESULT_PUBLICATION
Concepts:(1) temporally-bound role linking relations(2) >1 linking relation : Result_Publication and other entities(3) PERSON role may be author, co-author, editor, reviewer….(4) ORGUNIT role may be publisher, IPR or copyright owner..(5) PROJECT role may be the source of the idea
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RESULT_PUBLICATION
PROJECT
ORGUNITPERSON
Result_Publication
Can Express:Person A (DT1 - DT2) (is author of) Publication XOrgunit O (DT1 - DT2) (is owner of IPR in) Publication XPerson A (DT1 - DT2) (is employee of ) Orgunit OPerson A (DT1 - DT2) (is project leader of) Project PPerson A (DT1-DT2) (is member of) Orgunit MPerson A (DT1-DT2) (is member of) Orgunit NOrgunit M (DT1-DT2) (is part of) Orgunit OOrgunit N (DT1-DT2) (is part of) Orgunit O
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Result_PublicationInstance Diagram
Person A
Publication X
OrgUnit O
OrgUnit M
OrgUnit N
Project P
member
member
employee
Part of
Part of
owns IPR
author
Project leader
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CERIF A Template
• CRIS can be implemented using subset or superset of full CERIF model:– for projects– for people– for organisations– for publications, patents , products– for services– for facilities, particular equipment
• with role-based, temporally-bound relationships
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CERIFThe Advantages
• Neutral Architecture• Data Model can be implemented:
– relational – object-oriented – information retrieval (including WWW)
• Process model can be implemented– DBMS and query; centralised or distributed; – html web / harvesting / IR-query;– advanced knowledge-based technology
• But interoperation requires structured schema
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CERIF The use today
• As a model for an implemented standalone CRIS– But interoperation ready
• As a model to define the wrapper around a legacy non-CERIF CRIS– To allow homogenous access to
heterogeneous systems
• As a definition of a data exchange format– To create a common data warehouse from
several CRIS
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CERIF: The Key
• This allows not only construction of a new interoperation-ready CRIS
• but also wrapper-interoperation by generating CERIF from a legacy CRIS
The key to the CERIF datamodel isStructured (syntax)First order logic (semantics)
Legacy CRIS
wrapper
New CRIS
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• Revisions to CERIF2000 standard• CERIF2002, CERIF2004, 2006, 2008• Issues
– Publications– Classification (& semantics)
• Custodians of the model– Required some organisation– EC handed responsibility to euroCRIS
(2002)– euroCRIS set up CERIF Task Group
CERIFDeveloped beyond 2000
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euroCRISSeminars
• euroCRIS founded formally in 2001 (informally since 1991)
• As well as – Custodianship of CERIF– Best practice– The CRIS conferences– Community-building
• Decided also to run strategic seminars– 2003 onwards with our strategic partners
• EC, ESF, EARMA, ALLEA, ICSU/CODATA, ERCIM, JISC, GreyNet
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Meanwhile:Catalogue CRISs
• Some CRISs cataloguing other CRISs grew up
• e.g. DRIS (NL)• Use HTML Web pages with URLs
to link to other CRISs
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Meanwhile:CRIS by Harvesting
• With the advent of WWW in the 1990s many universities and other organisations produced websites describing their projects, people, publications etc
• It was suggested that harvesting these websites could generate a CRIS
• No known examples– Two attempts failed– Google Scholar a CRIS? – publication-based
– but requires massive resources
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Meanwhile: Funding
Organisations• Had CRIS since 1970s• Updated to relational technology in
1980s• Used to manage the application,
awarding and monitoring of R&D grants: Project and finance-based
• Realised the need to make some of the information available widely; generated websites from the databases in 1990s
• Some provided web-based update (B2C) late 1990s
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Meanwhile: Funding
Organisations• Huge problem with update once grant
awarded• Huge problem of synchronisation with
equivalent record(s) in university or research institute or cooperating industry databases
• Now some implementing full ERP (enterprise resource planning) systems such as Oracle EBS or SAP with integrated procurement, finance, HR, Project management…and can handle grants (research projects)
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Meanwhile Publishers
• The commercial publishers’ databases could be regarded as CRISs– They hold data on persons in role author
• But in various different formats– They hold data on institutions as addresses
• Usually not complete and unambiguous– They hold data on publications as
• metadata • full article• references / citations
– Within the article there may (or may not) be information on projects, facilities, equipment, services, products, events
• But it is hard to extract – un- or semi-structured
• The same is true of open access repositories
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Agenda
• Introduction – speaker• CRIS Purpose & Stakeholders• CRIS development history• Where are we now • CERIF-CRIS at the centre of the
Organisation• Nirvana (the ideal CRIS environment)• Synthesis• Role of euroCRIS
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Where are we now?CRISs
• Standalone CRISs– Variety of kinds– Some based on or using CERIF
• Interoperating CRISs– Homogeneous (all using same schema)
• simple technology e.g. METIS
– Heterogeneous (different schemas)• Need data access and exchange schema standard• Only working examples to date IDEAS and ERGO
(CERIF)
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Where are we now? Commercial CRISs
• One commercial offering since late 1980s– COS (COS, USA)
• Commercial offerings emerged recently– uniCRIS (uniCRIS AG, CH)– PURE (Atira, DK)– Converis (Avedas DE)
• Others moving towards this• Repository Systems
– Publications Management System (Symplectic UK) – ePrints (U southampton)– DSpace (MIT)– ePubs (STFC)– Fedora (Fedora Commons, USA)
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Where are we now? And Where Next?
• The need: – The EC has declared
• the ERA (European Research Area)• The Lisbon Targets
• The Opportunity– CRISs
• to record IP of an organisation• to encourage innovation, wealth creation, improved
quality of life– Interoperating CRISs
• to support the ERA and Lisbon targets• especially to encourage cross-Europe innovation
• Note projects CISTRANA and IST-World
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Agenda
• Introduction – speaker• CRIS Purpose & Stakeholders• CRIS development history• Where are we now • CERIF-CRIS at the centre of the
Organisation• Nirvana (the ideal CRIS environment)• Synthesis• Role of euroCRIS
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Requirement
• Researcher– should provide a view of everything of interest to
the researcher in a structured manner which appears logical to the researcher in order to optimize the productive time of the researcher.
• Organisation– should provide the information required for
decision-making to the benefit of the organisation.• World-at-large
– Selected views of the systems described above for researchers or organisations may be made available as information to others for purposes such as publicity, education (of scholars and of the general public) or offerings for technology transfer and commercialisation.
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CERIF Characteristics
• extensible while preserving backward continuity to allow guaranteed interoperation between CERIF-CRIS– by adding new base entities and then link
entities to integrate with the structure.
• link to any other system – using the link entities.
• normalized to avoid replication of data and to improve performance.– and consequent update integrity problems
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CERIF Characteristics
• implementable using any technology from hypermedia to information retrieval (semi-structured) and on to knowledge-based systems.
• follows formally first order logic – and so is available for deduction and induction leading
to greater potential utilization of the data– Is scalable because machine-understandable as well as
machine-readable.
• includes lookup tables (used also as classification tables) – improved data integrity by validation at input/update
time – permits intelligent user interfaces to utilise the
information to provide user assistance.
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CERIF The Key
• The key to the design is the separation of base entities from link entities.
• The base entities, once populated, are rarely amended but may be appended with new information.
• The link entities are where the main update activity takes place since they record new relationships between records in the base entities.
• These new relationships may be input or they may be generated by deduction or induction.
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RESULT_PUBLICATION
PROJECT
ORGUNITPERSON
Result_Publication
Can Express:Person A (DT1 - DT2) (is author of) Publication XOrgunit O (DT1 - DT2) (is owner of IPR in) Publication XPerson A (DT1 - DT2) (is employee of ) Orgunit OPerson A (DT1 - DT2) (is project leader of) Project PPerson A (DT1-DT2) (is member of) Orgunit MPerson A (DT1-DT2) (is member of) Orgunit NOrgunit M (DT1-DT2) (is part of) Orgunit OOrgunit N (DT1-DT2) (is part of) Orgunit O
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Result_PublicationInstance Diagram
Person A
Publication X
OrgUnit O
OrgUnit M
OrgUnit N
Project P
member
member
employee
Part of
Part of
owns IPR
author
Project leader
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Linkages From CERIFStaying with this
example:• CERIF does not only provide
strong, role-typed, timestamped within-links
• But also provides the facility for strong, role-typed, timestamped outward-links
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Linkages From CERIFStaying with this
example:
• publication X full-text (or multimedia) is not stored within the CERIF data model but in an institutional repository or publisher’s online database. CERIF provides the direct linkage to the full text.
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Result_PublicationInstance Diagram
Person A
Publication X
OrgUnit O
OrgUnit M
OrgUnit N
Project P
member
member
employee
Part of
Part of
owns IPR
author
Project leader
repository
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Linkages From CERIFStaying with this
example:
• more information about Person A may be found in the HR (human resources) system of OrgUnit O, or on web-pages associated with either OrgUnit M or N.
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Result_PublicationInstance Diagram
Person A
Publication X
OrgUnit O
OrgUnit M
OrgUnit N
Project P
member
member
employee
Part of
Part of
owns IPR
author
Project leader
repository
HR System
webpages
webpages
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Linkages From CERIFStaying with this
example:
• the full project management information associated with Project P may be accessed in the project management system of Organisation O,
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Result_PublicationInstance Diagram
Person A
Publication X
OrgUnit O
OrgUnit M
OrgUnit N
Project P
member
member
employee
Part of
Part of
owns IPR
author
Project leader
repository
HR System
webpages
webpages
ProjectManagement
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Linkages From CERIFStaying with this
example:
• and from thence financial information may be found in the financial systems of Organisation O.
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Result_PublicationInstance Diagram
Person A
Publication X
OrgUnit O
OrgUnit M
OrgUnit N
Project P
member
member
employee
Part of
Part of
owns IPR
author
Project leader
repository
HR System
webpages
webpages
ProjectManagement
Finance
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The Problem
• the traditional divide between – the individual researcher or research group view of
the world • peer recognition
– the organisation management view of the world• governance and value for money
• the traditional fierce independence of researchers and unwillingness to provide information on their activity– a quest for curiosity-led academic research freedom – despite possible advantages in cooperating with the
management of an organisation– the view that the IT system provided is inadequate
and they could have designed it better!
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The Solution CERIF-CRIS plus Links
• CERIF: Person– Link to organisation HR
system• CERIF: OrgUnit
– Link to organisational webpages
– Link to catalogue of organisations (eg D&B)
• CERIF: Project– Link to organisational project
management system– Link to funding
organisation(s) records on the project
• CERIF: Funding– Link to funding organisation
programme• CERIF: Event
– Link to e.g. conference webpage
• CERIF: Contact– Link to customer
relationship management system
• CERIF: Result_Publication– Link to repository or
publisher online database• CERIF: Result_Patent
– Link to patent database(s)• CERIF: Result_Product
– Link to e-research portal to datasets, software
• CERIF: Facility– Link to webpages of facility
• CERIF: Equipment– Link to webpages of
equipment• etc
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CERIF-CRIS at One Organisation
CERIF-CRIS
Managing Research Information at a researching or research funding organisation: decision support
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CERIF-CRIS at One Organisation
Publicationrepository
CERIF-CRIS
With associated scholarly publications providing deeper information on the research; metadata in the CERIF-CRIS
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CERIF-CRIS at One Organisation
Publicationrepository
DatasetSoftwarerepository
CERIF-CRIS
And research datasets and software to allow detailed examination of the research method; metadata in the CERIF-CRIS
Note: metadata for products and patents stored in CERIF-CRIS; detail elsewhere (e.g. national or international system)
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CERIF-CRIS at One Organisation
Publicationrepository
DatasetSoftwarerepository
Finance system
CERIF-CRIS
With financial information related to research activity to assess value for money
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CERIF-CRIS at One Organisation
Publicationrepository
DatasetSoftwarerepository
Finance system
HumanResources
system
CERIF-CRIS
And human resource information related to the research activity to ensure appropriate skills and resource availability
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CERIF-CRIS at One Organisation
Publicationrepository
DatasetSoftwarerepository
Finance system
HumanResources
system
Project Management
system
CERIF-CRIS
And project management information including milestones, deliverables and resources of the research to understand the research method
This list of organisational ICT systems is not exclusive…
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CERIF-CRIS at One Organisation
Publicationrepository
DatasetSoftwarerepository
Finance system
HumanResources
system
Project Management
system
CERIF-CRIS
DirectoryServices
And directory services to control research workflow, messaging, authentication, authorisation, access
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CERIF-CRIS at One Organisation
Publicationrepository
DatasetSoftwarerepository
Finance system
HumanResources
system
Project Management
system
CERIF-CRIS
Web pages DirectoryServices
And generation of intranet (organisation), DMZ (trusted business partners) and extranet (public ) web-pages
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CERIF-CRIS at One Organisation
Publicationrepository
DatasetSoftwarerepository
Finance system
HumanResources
system
Project Management
system
CERIF-CRIS
Web pages DirectoryServices
This is fine for one organisation but research is international, so…
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CERIF Interoperation
CERIF-CRIS CERIF-CRIS
CERIF-CRIS
CERIF provides interoperation of CRIS and associated systems with formal syntax and declared semantics so that it is reliable and scalable.
Interconnect
Backplane
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CRIS + Repositories at 1 institution
CRISResearch Context
[projects, persons, organisational unitsfunding, products, patents, publications
facilities, equipment, events]
OA Repository(hypermedia) Documents
e-Research repositoryDatasets and Software
OAI-PMH
Various
protocols
End-User
CERIFCERIF
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….and multiple institutions
CRIS
OA repository
e-Researchrepository
CRIS
OA repository
e-Researchrepository
CRIS
OA repository
e-Researchrepository
End-User End-User End-User
Institution A Institution B Institution C
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Roles of CERIF-CRIS: Re-iteration
• Research information system for decision-support
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Roles of CERIF-CRIS: Re-iteration
• Research information system for decision-support
• Metadata (index) to scholarly publications (white and grey) in a repository
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Roles of CERIF-CRIS: Re-iteration
• Research information system for decision-support• Metadata (index) to scholarly publications (white and grey)
in a repository
• Metadata (index) to research datasets and software in a repository
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Roles of CERIF-CRIS: Re-iteration
• Research information system for decision-support• Metadata (index) to scholarly publications (white and grey) in
a repository• Metadata (index) to research datasets and software in a
repository
• Access view to financial information of an organisation
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Roles of CERIF-CRIS: Re-iteration
• Research information system for decision-support• Metadata (index) to scholarly publications (white and grey) in
a repository• Metadata (index) to research datasets and software in a
repository• Access view to financial information of an organisation
• Access view to human resource information of an organisation
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Roles of CERIF-CRIS: Re-iteration
• Research information system for decision-support• Metadata (index) to scholarly publications (white and grey) in
a repository• Metadata (index) to research datasets and software in a
repository• Access view to financial information of an organisation• Access view to human resource information of an organisation
• Access view to project management information of an organisation
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Roles of CERIF-CRIS: Re-iteration
• Research information system for decision-support• Metadata (index) to scholarly publications (white and grey) in
a repository• Metadata (index) to research datasets and software in a
repository• Access view to financial information of an organisation• Access view to human resource information of an organisation• Access view to project management information of an
organisation
• (and to other relevant organisation systems)
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Roles of CERIF-CRIS: Re-iteration
• Research information system for decision-support• Metadata (index) to scholarly publications (white and grey) in a
repository• Metadata (index) to research datasets and software in a repository• Access view to financial information of an organisation• Access view to human resource information of an organisation• Access view to project management information of an organisation• (and to other relevant organisation systems)
• Provision of directory service information for authentication, authorisation, workflow, cooperative working…
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Roles of CERIF-CRIS: Re-iteration
• Research information system for decision-support• Metadata (index) to scholarly publications (white and grey) in a
repository• Metadata (index) to research datasets and software in a repository• Access view to financial information of an organisation• Access view to human resource information of an organisation• Access view to project management information of an organisation• (and to other relevant organisation systems)• Provision of directory service information for authentication,
authorisation, workflow, cooperative working…
• Generation of web pages presenting the organisation on intranet, DMZ and extranet directly or from other organisational systems through the CERIF-CRIS
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Roles of CERIF-CRIS: Re-iteration
• Research information system for decision-support• Metadata (index) to scholarly publications (white and grey) in a
repository• Metadata (index) to research datasets and software in a repository• Access view to financial information of an organisation• Access view to human resource information of an organisation• Access view to project management information of an organisation• (and to other relevant organisation systems)• Provision of directory service information for authentication,
authorisation, workflow, cooperative working…• Generation of web pages presenting the organisation on intranet,
DMZ and extranet directly or from other organisational systems through the CERIF-CRIS
• Interoperation with other CERIF-CRIS (and their associated systems) to give a global view of research information
©euroCRIS/Keith G Jeffery CRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture
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Take-Home Message
Make the CERIF-CRIS the centre of the research organisation to
a)Integrate all other systemsb)Interoperate with external
systems
©euroCRIS/Keith G Jeffery CRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture
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Agenda
• Introduction – speaker• CRIS Purpose & Stakeholders• CRIS development history• Where are we now • CERIF-CRIS at the centre of the
Organisation• Nirvana (the ideal CRIS environment)• Synthesis• Role of euroCRIS
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Approaching Nirvana
• euroCRIS members are working on advanced systems to support the ideal CRIS environment
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Nirvana - Retrieval
• An environment where an end-user can:– Request information and through an intelligent
dialogue generate a ‘job’ which provides it
• Example (Medical R&D planning)– How many researchers
• expert in GlycoProtein gp120 and CD4 molecule
– are likely be available in 2015; – Classify researchers by country, institution;
• order list of researchers by number of refereed publications to date
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Nirvana – input / update
• An environment where an end-user can:– Input / update information and through an
intelligent dialogue obtain assistance where needed and validation of the input
• Example: – if value input for ‘person’ then possible
valid values for ‘organisational unit’ suggested
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The Solution is Required:
• To overcome the ‘effort threshold’ to : • obtain the required answers from the CRIS• input and update the information in the CRIS• maintain data quality in the CRIS
• Across – local stand-alone CRIS – heterogeneous distributed CRISs
•Thus achieving ‘nirvana’
©euroCRIS/Keith G Jeffery CRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture
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How to Achieve this?
• Effort threshold
– Process approach• record incrementally as available
• Improved intelligence for input and retrieval
– Metadata• And behind it availability, pervasiveness,
scalability, end-user friendliness
– GRIDs
©euroCRIS/Keith G Jeffery CRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture
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The R&D Process: Recording
Workprogramme
Proposal
Project
Results
Exploitation
WealthCreation
CRISDATABASE
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The R&D Process: Feedbacks
Workprogramme
Proposal
Project
Results
Exploitation
WealthCreation
CRISDATABASE
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The R&D Process: Review
Workprogramme
Proposal
Project
Results
Exploitation
WealthCreationreview review review review
CRISDATABASE
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The WorkProgramme Process
Workprogramme
Economic factors
Societal factors
Technology Foresight
CRISDATABASE
-World / Country State-World / Country Models -Technology Prediction -Solicited Advice
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The Proposal Process
Proposal
Idea
Review Previous Work
Objectives
Method
Resources anddependencies
CRISDATABASE
-Previous Results -Previous Projects
CRISDATABASE
-Human Resources -Finance
©euroCRIS/Keith G Jeffery CRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture
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The Project Process
Project
Project ManagementSystem
CRISDATABASE
CRISDATABASE
-Previous Results -Previous Projects
-Human Resources -Finance
©euroCRIS/Keith G Jeffery CRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture
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The Results Process
Results
Initial Results
Internal Review
Peer Review
Publication orRegistration
CRISDATABASE
CRISDATABASE
Previous Results
©euroCRIS/Keith G Jeffery CRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture
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The Exploitation Process
Exploitation
Results
Business Plan
Finance
Production
Marketing
Selling
CRISDATABASE
Marketing InformationEconomic Information
©euroCRIS/Keith G Jeffery CRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture
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The Wealth Creation Process
Exploitation
WealthCreation
marketing
production
employment
CRISDATABASE
Marketing InformationEconomic Information
©euroCRIS/Keith G Jeffery CRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture
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The R&D Process: Recording
Workprogramme
Proposal
Project
Results
Exploitation
WealthCreation
CRISDATABASE
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The R&D ProcessRecording WorkProgramme
Workprogramme ProgrammeNameFundingOrgUnit
Person responsibleWorkprogramme document
CRISDATABASE
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The R&D ProcessRecording Proposal
Proposal
TitleAbstract
Person(s)OrgUnit(s)
Proposal Document
CRISDATABASE
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The R&D ProcessRecording Project
Project
TitleAbstract
Person(s)OrgUnit(s)
FundingProject Plan
CRISDATABASE
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The R&D ProcessRecording Results-Product
Results
Person(s)OrgUnit(s)Project(s)
Product(s)Product Description
CRISDATABASE
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The R&D ProcessRecording Results-Patent
Results
Person(s)OrgUnit(s)Project(s)Patent(s)
Patent File
CRISDATABASE
©euroCRIS/Keith G Jeffery CRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture
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The R&D ProcessRecording Results-Publication
Results
Person(s)OrgUnit(s)Project(s)
Bibliographic InformationArticle
CRISDATABASE
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The R&D ProcessRecording Exploitation
Exploitation
Person(s)OrgUnit(s)
Business planFinance Data
Marketing DataProduction Data
Sales Data
CRISDATABASE
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The R&D ProcessRecording Wealth Creation
WealthCreation
Person(s)OrgUnit(s)
Annual Reports/AccountsEmployment Records
Dividends Records
CRISDATABASE
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The R&D Process
Workprogramme
Proposal
Project
Results
Exploitation
WealthCreation
Note:
some CRIS developers limit recording of outputs from the process to areas indicated
Nir
van
a
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Complete Process ICT Support
• Nirvana is – a complete, – integrated, – end-to-end ICT support – for the research process – across heterogeneous distributed CRISs
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How do we achieve this?
• We need to develop (further) technologies of– Metadata (interoperation)– GRIDs and ambient computing (ease of use)– Workflow (reduce threshold barrier)
• Thus permitting CRIS to be the central focus (providing R&D context) for research outputs such as publications, patents, products including R&D datasets and software
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Metadata and Data Exchange Standards
• Metadata– a succinct
representation of the object of interest
– Schema, navigational, associative [descriptive, restrictive, supportive]
– Used for rapid retrieval of navigational data to objects of interest
– Can also be used for statistical purposes (‘how many…..’,’average number of…’)
data (document)
SCHEMA NAVIGATIONALASSOCIATIVE
how to
get it
constrain it
view to users
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Metadata
• Many kinds and standards exist• Examples include:
– Publications: MARC, DC (Dublin Core)– Geospatial: CSDGM (Content standard
for digital geospatial metadata)– Engineering: STEP– Education: LOM (learning object
metadata); EDNA (Education Network Australia metadata)
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Metadata and CRISs
• Commonly a CRIS stores the metadata rather than the object itself– e.g. result_publicationId which can be used
to access the publication itself (person{author}, title, abstract etc usually stored in the CRIS)
– e.g. projectId which can be used to access the detailed project documentation (title, abstract etc usually stored in the CRIS)
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Metadata: DCf: Publications
UniqueIdPerson OrgUnit
Security
Privacy
AccessLevel
Charge
Restrictive
Annotation
Classification
Quality Assessment
OrgUnit
UniqueId
Domain of CERIF
PersonProject
ResourceIdentifier
Subject
Keywords
Description
Resource Type
Coverage Temporal
Coverage Spatial
TitleDescriptive
Navigational
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Metadata in CRISs
• Used for – Quality: validation on input / update– Summarising: overview results– Retrieval speed (find the list of
objects of potential interest)– Controlling access– Rights management– And……..
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Metadata in Interoperating CRISs
• Metadata essential to allow interoperation of CRISs, especially heterogeneous distributed CRISs
• Provides the information necessary to set up automatically retrieval (or update) over heterogeneous CRISs– Catalog technique– Universal schema technique(s)– Knowledge-based reconciliation technique(s)
©euroCRIS/Keith G Jeffery CRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture
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Metadata and Data Exchange Standards
• Data Exchange Standards– Needed not just for data (file) exchange– Also for returning results of a retrieval from
one CRIS to another in a form (syntax, semantics) that is processable• Metadata plus dataset
– Note data exchange standards used extensively in e-business, banking, insurance, medical, engineering, research areas
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The Key: Metadata and Data Exchange
Standards• Nirvana is
– Formal metadata (machine understandable)
– Query: Metadata describing CRIS resources to improve queries
– Answer: Metadata attached to Query result files (data exchange) so the receiving CRIS or user can understand the output
©euroCRIS/Keith G Jeffery CRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture
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Workflow on the GRIDs surface
• GRIDs ‘surface’ provides – Computational capabilities of GRID– Information presentation capabilities
of WWW– Information management capabilities
• But not yet environment for workflow
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The GRIDs Architecture
Knowledge Layer
Information Layer
Computation / Data LayerDat
a to
Kno
wle
dge
Control
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The GRIDs Architecture
Dat
a to
Kno
wle
dge
Control
Par
ticl
e P
hysi
cs A
ppli
cati
on
Gen
omic
s A
ppli
cati
on
Env
iron
men
tal A
ppli
cati
on
E-B
usin
ess
App
lica
tion
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A POSSIBLE ARCHITECTURE
U:USER
S:SOURCE R:RESOURCE
Rm:ResourceMetadata
Ra:ResourceAgent
Ua:User Agent
Um:User Metadata
Sm:SourceMetadata
Sa:Source Agent brokers
The GRIDs Environment
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A Brief History of GRIDs
• 1G: custom-made architecture machines to user– Pioneering metacomputing
• 2G: proprietary standards and interfaces– I-WAY GLOBUS, UNICORE, CONDOR, LEGION
AVAKI
• 2.5G: added in FTP, SRB, LDAP, AccessGRID• 3G: adopted W3C concepts for open interfaces –
OGSA / OGSI: note especially OGSA/DAI– But built on 2.G foundations
e-ScienceApps
e-ScienceR&D
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But…..
• This comes nowhere near the requirements as originally defined for GRIDs
• Too low-level (programmer not end-user level)– Insufficient representativity– Insufficient expressivity– Insufficient resilience– Insufficient dynamic flexibility
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Services: Challenges 1
DescriptionLocationRequirements
matchingComposingUtilising
metadata
Functional Program
Code(to deliver the service)
Service description(descriptive metadata)
InputParameterdefinitions
OutputParameterdefinitions
Restrictions on use of service(restrictive metadata)
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Services: Challenges 2
Composition End-to-end FR
satisfaction End-to-end NFRs
satisfaction Avoiding emergent
properties Conditions of use of
services Processes wrapped with data wrapped with
processing, storage etc wrapped with real
estate wrapped with staff
MultipleInstancesParallelexecution
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e-,i-,k-infrastructure
serverserver server server
detectors
e-
i-
k- Deduction & induction – human or machine
Physical
Information
Systems
server
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Middleware – and as SOKUs
e-
i-
k-
Lower middleware(hides physical heterogeneity)
Upper middleware(hides syntactic heterogeneity)
K- upper middleware(resolves semantic heterogeneity)
K- lower middleware(presents declared semantics)
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Workflow on the GRIDs Surface
• Nirvana is– GRIDs ‘surface’
• Providing computation, information presentation and information management
– Plus Self* resilience– Plus capabilities to support workflow
©euroCRIS/Keith G Jeffery CRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture
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Agenda
• Introduction – speaker• CRIS Purpose & Stakeholders• CRIS development history• Where are we now • CERIF-CRIS at the centre of the
Organisation• Nirvana (the ideal CRIS environment)• Synthesis• Role of euroCRIS
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Overall : The Way Forward
SCIENTIFIC DATASETS
Data
Information
Knowledge
PUBLICATIONS
Data
Information
Knowledge
CRIS
Management of Research
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PUBLICATIONS
Data
Information
Knowledge
Overall : The Way Forward
Digital Curation Facility
SCIENTIFIC DATASETS
Data
Information
Knowledge
CRIS
Management of ResearchCDR
(CERIF)
Portal with knowledge-assisted user interface
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Overall : The Way Forward
Digital Curation Facility
SCIENTIFIC DATASETS
Data
Information
Knowledge
PUBLICATIONS
Data
Information
Knowledge metadata
Portal with knowledge-assisted user interface
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Overall : The Way Forward
Digital Curation Facility
SCIENTIFIC DATASETS
Data
Information
Knowledge
PUBLICATIONS
Data
Information
Knowledge metadata
publish
validate
Portal with knowledge-assisted user interface
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Overall : The Way Forward
Digital Curation Facility
SCIENTIFIC DATASETS
Data
Information
Knowledge
PUBLICATIONS
Data
Information
Knowledge metadata
publish
validate
GRIDs
Portal with knowledge-assisted user interface
Ambient, Pervasive Access
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Overall : The Way Forward
Portal with knowledge-assisted user interface
Digital Curation Facility
SCIENTIFIC DATASETS
Data
Information
Knowledge
PUBLICATIONS
Data
Information
Knowledge metadata
publish
validate
GRIDs
Ambient, Pervasive Access
©euroCRIS/Keith G Jeffery CRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture
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Overall : The Way Forward
Portal with knowledge-assisted user interface
Digital Curation Facility
SCIENTIFIC DATASETS
Data
Information
Knowledge
PUBLICATIONS
Data
Information
Knowledge metadata
publish
validate
GRIDs
Ambient, Pervasive Access
©euroCRIS/Keith G Jeffery CRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture
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Overall : The Way Forward
Portal with knowledge-assisted user interface
Digital Curation Facility
SCIENTIFIC DATASETS
Data
Information
Knowledge
PUBLICATIONS
Data
Information
Knowledge metadata
publish
validate
GRIDs
Ambient, Pervasive Access
©euroCRIS/Keith G Jeffery CRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture
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Three Steps to Nirvana
Complete Process ICT Support
Metadata and Data Exchange Standards
Workflow on the GRIDs Surface
The Perfect CRIS
©euroCRIS/Keith G Jeffery CRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture
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Agenda
• Introduction – speaker• CRIS Purpose & Stakeholders• CRIS development history• Where are we now • CERIF-CRIS at the centre of the
Organisation• Nirvana (the ideal CRIS environment)• Synthesis• Role of euroCRIS
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euroCRISThe Role
• It is the role of euroCRIS to:– Promote and improve communication and
interaction between global CRIS;– Maintain and publish the CERIF
(Common European Research Information Format) recommendation and any standards endorsed by euroCRIS;
– Organize and run the CRIS series of conferences with associated workshops and other events;
©euroCRIS/Keith G Jeffery CRIS: Stakeholders, Benefits, History, Process, Architecture
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euroCRISThe Role
– Provide a source of expertise in CRIS to members and to others under business arrangements made at the time;
– Develop euroCRIS guidelines;– Nurture the CRIS community by events, a
newsletter, an online discussion forum and other appropriate mechanisms;
– Provide a forum for exploring and exploiting new and emerging concepts and technologies (including data quality, standards, etc.);
– Establish a one-stop portal / gateway to international CRIS resources. (eurocris charter)
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Prof. Keith G Jeffery
President, euroCRIS
www.eurocris.org