Europa• The smallest of four Galilean moon of Jupiter

• Discovered in 1610 by Galileo Galilei• Study between 1995 and 2003 with the spacecraft Galileo.

Jupiter and this Galilean moons : Callisto, Europa, Io, Ganymede

Life … in Europa ?• Surface is composed of water

ice• Possibility of water beneath

the frozen ice crust.• Possibility of oxygen

• A prominent double-ridge feature on Europa, most likely a crack in the icy shell

• Hypothesis : warm ice rising up through the colder ice of the outer crust

• Life in the Crack ?

Future missions• For know if live exist , one solution : go to explore Europa

• The next project : Launch a rover. Objective :

- Travel the Ice Water - Then explored the ocean

• A robot like DepthX Robot for Mission to Europa.

• DepthX : autonomous underwater vehicle

• The date of launch is unknown at this time, around 2026.

Life on Mars ?

• Explore since a long time :– Spacecraft, satellite.

• On the off chance to find life.• Some theories :

– Life had existed before life on Earth– Life had never existed on Mars– ???

For observing mars : robot has been launched : Curiosity

Curiosity rover

• Mission : Biological, Geological andgeochemical Planetary process and Surface radiation

Launch Date : 26 November 2011

Mars landing : 5 August 2012

Recently Descoveries

• Martian Rock with strange properties.

Environmental

• Water

• Distance of a star :– Temperature : which determine the presence of liquid water– Light : for vegetable– The quantity of toxic radiation (ex : UV)

Environmental

• The nature of Sky (Oxyhen, methane co2 ?)

• Chemical nature of the oceans• Electrical discharge (lightning)• The mass of the planet and of the star

Silicon

• life on Earth is built upon carbon• Another element build life ? Possibility of life

build upon Silicon

• But questioned : Carbon is usely than Silicon, and different inertia.

Other Chemical element

• Oxygen• Nitrate• Fer