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Europe. In the Late Middle Ages. England. William the Conqueror , leader of the Norman Conquest, conquered and united most of England . Battle of Hastings marked beginning of Norman rule of England Common law had its beginnings during the reign of Henry II. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
EuropeIn the Late Middle Ages
EnglandWilliam the Conqueror,
leader of the Norman Conquest, conquered and united most of England.Battle of Hastings marked beginning of Norman rule of
EnglandCommon law had its beginnings during the reign of
Henry II.King John signed the Magna Carta, limiting the King’s
power.1. It asserted that the nobles had certain rights2. It made it clear that the monarch must obey the law
King Edward summons the first Parliament
FranceHugh Capet established the French throne in
Paris, and his dynasty gradually expanded their control over most of France.
The Hundred Years WarTime – 1337-1453 A.D.Location - France and the Low Countries Reason – Two kings claimed to be King of
FranceKey Players
Joan of Arc, French peasantHenry V – EnglandCharles VII – FrancePhillip IV – France
The Hundred Years WarResults
French victoryRaised nationalism and patriotism in
England – we don’t want to be French anymore France – keep those stinkin’ English out of our
countryFrench King strengthenedEnglish King weakenedDecline of knights and mounted cavalry
Longbow Standing armies begin to replace knights as military
force
SpainFerdinand and Isabella unified the country
(finished the Reconquista) and expelled Muslim Moors (1492) and later the Jews.
Spanish Empire in the Western Hemisphere expanded under Philip II.
The InquisitionTo eliminate heresy
Mongol ArmiesInvaded Russia, China and Muslim states in
southwest Asia, destroying cities and countryside
Created an Empire
RussiaIvan the Great threw off
the rule of the Mongols, centralized power in Moscow, and expanded the Russian nation.
Power was centralized in the hands of the tsar.
The Eastern Orthodox Church influenced unification.
Why Called?To recapture lands conquered by MuslimsTo protect Christians
in the Holy Land
Key Events
The capture of Jerusalem by Muslim armies, 638 A.D.Pope Urban II’s speech, 1095 A.D.Capture of Jerusalem by Crusaders, 1099 A.D.Founding of Crusader states, 1099-1291 A.D.Loss of Jerusalem to Saladin, 1187 A.D.Sack of Constantinople by western Crusaders, 1204
A.D.
EffectsWeakened the Pope and nobles; strengthened
monarchsStimulated trade throughout the
Mediterranean area and the Middle EastLeft a legacy of bitterness among Christians,
Jews, and MuslimsWeakened the Byzantine EmpirePrevented Muslim conquest of EuropeChristians didn’t gain ultimate control of
Holy Lands
ConstantinopleFell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453, ending the
Byzantine EmpireBecame the capital of the Ottoman Empire
Black DeathThe Bubonic PlagueClick on Video
ImpactDecline in populationScarcity of laborTowns freed from feudal obligationsDecline of church influenceDisruption of Trade
Church ScholarsWere among the very few who could read and
writeWorked in monasteriesTranslated Greek and Arabic works into LatinMade new knowledge in philosophy,
medicine, and science available in EuropeLaid the foundation for the rise of
universities in Europe
The Decline of the Catholic ChurchCommon Problems
Clergy marryingSimonyControl of church offices by nobles and kings
Who is more powerful? Pope or King?Pope Boniface VII vs. King Phillip IVPope said he was “absolutely necessary for the
salvation of every human creature.”Phillip had Boniface arrested; Pope died shortly
after
The Great Schism of the Catholic Church1305 – new pope elected (Clement V)
He moved pope’s HQs to Avignon, France
1378 – Pope Urban VI elected (Italian)
1379 – French elect their own pope (Clement VII)1414 – Council of Constance called to resolve problem
They get rid of bothElect anotherNow THREE popes!
1417 – Another council got rid of all threeEnded controversy
Gothic ArchitectureStyle of BuildingCharacteristics
Stained GlassFlying ButtressPointed ArchesRibbed Vaults