EUROPE – HISTORICAL UNDERSTANDINGS SIDE 1_________________

SS6H3 Explain conflict and change in Europe. a. Describe the aftermath of World War I: the rise of communism, the Treaty

World War I—The spark that started WWI was the

assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. He was a

Prince and leader in Austria-Hungary.

4 M.A.I.N Causes of World War I -

1. Militarism—___building___ up of military/arms

2. Alliances—2 or more countries joining sides

3. Imperialism-countries trying to extend their

____empire___ by seizing other territories.

4. Nationalism—__devotion__ to one’s country;

Aftermath of World War I-

TREATY OF VERSAILLES- Peace treaty signed by

Germany, Great___ Britain____, France, Italy and

Russia and made Germany take

____blame_____ for WWI. Germany was primarily

blamed for World War I. If they had stayed out of

the war between Austria-Hungary and Serbia/

Russia, the war would not have escalated to a

“world” war.

Conditions of the Treaty-

1. Germany had to take the blame for __WWI__.

2. Germany’s

___military__ was

reduced to half

the size it was.

3. Took _land__

from Germany.

4. Made Germany pay __reparations_____.

GREAT DEPRESSION—worldwide depression.

Began with the Stock _Market_____ Crash in

1929 in the United _States__. Europe was still

recovering from the destruction of __WWI__.

Europe began to feel the effects of the Great

Depression around 1932 due to:

Tariffs (taxes) placed on Europe’s imports to

the US.

US banking problems spread to other nations.

Banks in Europe and the United States were

linked through loans that were given.

RISE OF NAZISM- Nazi __Party__ was a small, German

political party.

The Nazis and Hitler rose to __power _____

because the Germans were angered by the

punishments they received from the Treaty of

___Versailles__. Hitler promised to ____

rebuild___ Germany’s military and regain the land

that Germany lost in the treaty. He prom-

ised the ____German people____ they would be

great again. Extreme nationalism, racism against

___Jewish___ people. (anti-Semitism)

The Nazi party gained strength during the Great

_____Depression____, and eventually Hitler was

elected head of Germany’s government in 1933.

____Adolf Hitler____ was a dictator, and would

imprison or __kill___ anyone that opposed his

views.

Germany’s economy improved, so Germans

accepted the Nazi rule and did not speak out.

COMMUNISM— __Economic__ and political system

Run by the ____Communist_______ Party.

Russia became Communist after the Russian Revolution. Became the Soviet ___Union___.

Promise to share wealth among all workers; provided economic security.

_______Government______ makes decisions: individ-ual’s rights are much less important.

Government interests more important than individual’s _____rights___.

b. Explain the rise of Nazism including preexisting prejudices, the use of propaganda, and events which resulted in the Holocaust.

WORLD WAR II -

Axis Powers: Germany, Italy and Japan

Allied Powers: Great Britain, France, (later)

United States

*Hitler was determined to build a mighty empire

across Europe. In Sept. 1939, Germany______

invaded Poland. Two days later, Great Britain

and France declared war on Germany. World

War II had begun.

*Dec. 7, 1941—__Japan__ attacks US at Pearl

Harbor, Hawaii. US entered the war with the Allied

Powers.

*The Allied powers eventually pushed Germany

back across France into Germany. Soviet Union

invaded Germany from the East. Germany even-

tually surrendered May 1945. Japan eventually

surrendered after the atomic bomb was dropped

in Japan.

HOLOCAUST—

Hitler and the ___Nazi__ Party blamed the

Jewish people for Germany’s downfall,

primarily in the banking industry. He and the

Nazis had extreme ___racism__ and hatred

towards the Jews____ and other groups.

Hitler and the Nazi Party were responsible

for the mass __murder__ of 6 million

Jews during WWII, and another 5 million

people from other groups.

COLD WAR— (End of Cold War)

The Cold War was a war of opposing

government and economic policies between the Democratic__United States and the Communist led Soviet Union. It was NOT a fighting, military war. It was hostility and competition

between these Super_____ Powers of the USA and Soviet Union. Democracy believes in individual__ rights, power given to the people and a free __market____ economy where indi-viduals could own businesses and gain wealth. ____Communism_____ believes economic

security in the form of government owned industry, farming and __shared_ wealth, and no private business ownership. Germany was divided along these lines and so was the German city

of _____Berlin___. The Berlin Wall (a symbol of Cold War)—was a _wall__ built between Communist East Berlin and Democratic West Berlin. Built by East Germans, to keep East Berlin’s citizens from escaping to freedom in West______ Berlin. German began reunification

in late 1980s, the Berlin Wall came down beginning in 1989 and the Soviet_______ Union collapsed permanently in 1991.

German Reunification- Following WWII (ending in

1945), German split in to a West______ Germany (which

was free and Democratic) and East_______ Germany

(which was Communist). As the Soviet Union began

collapsing because of economic distress, East Germany

and West Germany ___unified___ and became the reu-

nited nation of Germany.

PROPAGANDA— ideas or ____statements____that are often false or ____exaggerated______ and that are used to help a cause, a ____political____ leader, or a government.

*Hitler used propaganda to:

-promote his beliefs

-build outrage and nationalism in German people

-turn people against __Jews____ and other races (inferior races) which led to the Holocaust_____.

Translation:

The German student fights for leader and people. In team of the student federation.

c. Explain how German reunification contributed to the collapse

SIDE 2