EUROPE III(CHAPTER 1: 78-95)

REGIONS OFEUROPE

•WESTERN

•BRITISH ISLES

•NORTHERN

•MEDITERRANEAN

•EASTERN

MEDITERRANEAN EUROPE

MEDITERRANEAN EUROPE

SIX COUNTRIES

A DISCONTINUOUS REGION

ON THE PERIPHERY

CULTURAL CONTINUITY DATES FROM GRECO-ROMAN TIMES

MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATEHOT - DRY SUMMERS

WARM/COOL - MOIST WINTERS

ITALY

MOST POPULATED OF MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIESBEST CONNECTED TO THE EUROPEAN COREMOST ECONOMICALLY ADVANCEDDISPLAYS A SHARP NORTH/SOUTH CONTRAST (ANCONA LINE )MILAN

ITALY’S LARGEST CITY AND MANUFACTURING CENTERALSO THE COUNTRY’S FINANCIAL AND SERVICE-INDUSTRY CENTER

ITALY

ROMEFOUNDED ABOUT 3,000 YEARS AGO

ATTAINED AN ESTIMATED POPULATION OF 1 MILLION < THE END OF THE 1ST CENTURY AD

ONLY 30,000 PEOPLE BY THE 13TH CENTURY

BECAME ITALY’S CAPITAL IN 1870

CURRENTLY HAS ABOUT 2.6 MILLION PEOPLE

VATICAN CITYAN ENCLAVE WITHIN ROME

THE HEADQUARTERS OF ROMAN CATHOLICISM

FUNCTIONS AS AN INDEPENDENT ENTITY

REGIONS

•WESTERN

•NORTHERN

•MEDITERRANEAN

•EASTERN

EASTERNEUROPE

EASTERN EUROPE(REGIONAL IDENTIFIERS)

EUROPE’S LARGEST REGIONADJOINS 3 OF 4 OTHER EUROPEAN REGIONSCONTAINS THE MOST COUNTRIESINCLUDES EUROPE’S LARGEST STATEINCORPORATES EUROPE’S POOREST COUNTRYIN 1990, NONE OF ITS STATES COULD MEET THE CRITERIA FOR MEMBERSHIP IN THE EUREACHES INTO THE RUSSIAN ZONE OF INFLUENCE

KEY CONCEPTS

BALKANIZATION

IRREDENTISM

ETHNIC CLEANSING

DEVOLUTION

SHATTER BELT

BALKANIZATION

FROM THE VERB BALKANIZE, WHICH MEANS TO BREAK UP (AS IN A REGION) INTO SMALLER AND OFTEN HOSTILE UNITSORIGINATES FROM A MOUNTAIN RANGE IN BULGARIAAPPLIED TO THE SOUTHERN HALF OF EASTERN EUROPE, i.e., THE BALKAN COUNTRIES OF THE BALKAN PENINSULA

UNDERLYING FORCES

CENTRIFUGAL FORCESREFER TO FORCES THAT TEND TO DIVIDE A COUNTRY

Religious, linguistic, ethnic, or ideological differences

CENTRIPETAL FORCESFORCES THAT UNITE AND BIND A COUNTRY TOGETHER

A strong national culture, shared ideological objectives, and a common faith

IRREDENTISM

A POLICY OF CULTURAL EXTENSION AND POLITICAL EXPANSION AIMED AT A NATIONAL GROUP LIVING IN A NEIGHBORING COUNTRY

BA

A

RIVER & BORDER

COUNTRIES

MINORITYPOPULATION

BORDERADJUSTMENT

ETHNIC ETHNIC GROUPS IN GROUPS IN

EASTERN EASTERN EUROPEEUROPE

ETHNIC CLEANSING

REFERS TO THE FORCIBLE OUSTER OF ENTIRE POPULATIONS FROM THEIR HOMELANDS BY STRONGER POWERS BENT ON TAKING THEIR TERRITORIES A

BA

COUNTRIES

BORDER

MINORITYPOPULATION

DEVOLUTION

THE PROCESS WHEREBY REGIONS WITHIN A STATE DEMAND AND GAIN POLITICAL STRENGTH AND GROWING AUTONOMY AT THE EXPENSE OF THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT

DEVOLUTIONIN

EUROPE

SHATTER BELT

A TERM APPLIED TO EASTERN EUROPE BY GEOGRAPHERS TO DESCRIBE A ZONE OF CHRONIC POLITICAL SPLINTERING AND FRACTURINGWHY HERE?

ETHNIC MOSIAC

OF

EASTERN EUROPE

SUBREGIONS OF

EASTERN EUROPE

COUNTRIES FACING THE BALTIC SEA

THE LANDLOCKED CENTER

COUNTRIES FACING THE ADRIATIC SEA

COUNTRIES FACING THE BLACK SEA

COUNTRIES FACING THE BALTIC SEA

POLANDA CLASSIC NATION-STATETRADITIONALLY AGRARIAN - WHEATPOST WWII INDUSTRY - SILESIAWARSAW - PRIMATE CITY

LITHUANIALOST INDEPENDENCE IN 1940, REGAINED IN 1991KALININGRAD - A RUSSIAN EXCLAVE

LATVIASIMILAR HISTORY AS LITHUANIACONSTITUTE BARE MAJORITY IN OWN COUNTRY

BELARUS: RUSSIA’S CLOSEST ALLY

THE LANDLOCKED CENTER

CZECH REPUBLICTHE REGION’S MOST WESTERNIZEDPRAGUE- A CLASSIC PRIMATE CITY

SLOVAKIATHE LEAST DEVELOPED, MOST RURAL PART OF “CZECHOSLOVAKIA”

HUNGARYA NATION-STATE OF 10 MILLIONBUDAPEST- A CLASSIC PRIMATE CITY

COUNTRIES FACING THE BLACK SEA

BULGARIA: LIBERATED BY RUSSIA IN 1878

ROMANIA: A FORMER ROMAN PROVINCE; RAW MATERIALS (COAL, IRON ORE, OIL, NATURAL GAS)

MOLDOVA: AGRICULTURAL

UKRAINE: LARGEST AND MOST POPULOUS; AGRICULTURAL AND NATURAL RESOURCES AVAILABLE

COUNTRIES FACING THE ADRIATIC SEA

SLOVENIA: FIRST TO SECEDE; ETHNICALLY MOST HOMOGENEOUSCROATIABOSNIA: CENTRALLY POSITIONEDSERBIA: LARGEST AND MOST POPULOUSMACEDONIA: 65% MACEDONIAN, 21% ALBANIANSERBIA-MONTENEGRO: INCLUDES SERBIA, KOSOVO, VOJVODINA, AND MONTENEGROALBANIA: REMNANT OF TURKISH OTTOMAN EMPIRE; 70% MUSLIMS; LOWEST ECONOMIC RANKING IN EUROPE

EUROPE III(CHAPTER 1: 87-105)