Europe in 1800Europe in 1800

The Rise of Napoleonic France:

The Rise of Napoleonic France:a Nov. 1799 Napoleon overthrows the

Directory

a Dec. 1799 French voters overwhelmingly approve Napoleon’s new constitution.

a 1800 Napoleon founds the Bank of France

a 1801 France defeats Austria and acquires Italian & German territories in the Treaty of Lunéville ; Napoleon signs Concordat with the Pope

a 1802 Napoleon named consul for life; France signs Treaty of Amiens with Britain

a Nov. 1799 Napoleon overthrows the Directory

a Dec. 1799 French voters overwhelmingly approve Napoleon’s new constitution.

a 1800 Napoleon founds the Bank of France

a 1801 France defeats Austria and acquires Italian & German territories in the Treaty of Lunéville ; Napoleon signs Concordat with the Pope

a 1802 Napoleon named consul for life; France signs Treaty of Amiens with Britain

The Rise of Napoleonic France (cont.):

The Rise of Napoleonic France (cont.):

a Dec. 1804 Napoleon crowns himself emperor; enacts Civil Code of laws (Code Napoleon)

a Oct. 1805 Britain defeats the French and Spanish fleet at the Battle of Trafalgar

a Dec. 1805 Napoleon defeats Austria and Russia at the Battle of Austerlitz

a 1807 Napoleon redraws the map of Europe in the treaties of Tilsit

a 1810 Napoleon’s Grand Empire reaches its height

a Dec. 1804 Napoleon crowns himself emperor; enacts Civil Code of laws (Code Napoleon)

a Oct. 1805 Britain defeats the French and Spanish fleet at the Battle of Trafalgar

a Dec. 1805 Napoleon defeats Austria and Russia at the Battle of Austerlitz

a 1807 Napoleon redraws the map of Europe in the treaties of Tilsit

a 1810 Napoleon’s Grand Empire reaches its height

Napoleon Crossing the Alps – Two Versions

Napoleon Crossing the Alps – Two Versions

Paul Delaroche (1848) Jacques Louis-David (1800)

“Consecration of the Emperor Napoleon & the Empress

Josephine,” 1806 by David

“Consecration of the Emperor Napoleon & the Empress

Josephine,” 1806 by David

December 2, 1804December 2, 1804

“Napoleon on His Imperial

Throne”

1806

By Jean AugusteDominique

Ingres

“Napoleon on His Imperial

Throne”

1806

By Jean AugusteDominique

Ingres

The Imperial ImageThe Imperial Image

Napoleon’s Grand Empire in 1810

Napoleon’s Grand Empire in 1810

Napoleon’s Family Rules!Napoleon’s Family Rules!e Jerome Bonaparte King of Westphalia.e Joseph Bonaparte King of Spaine Louise Bonaparte King of Hollande Pauline Bonaparte Princess of Italye Napoléon Francis Joseph

Charles (son) King of Rome

e Elisa Bonaparte Grand Duchess of Tuscany

e Caroline Bonaparte Queen of Naples

German Caricature of

Napoleon

1813

J. M. Voltz

German Caricature of

Napoleon

1813

J. M. Voltz

How should History view Napoleon?

How should History view Napoleon?

Enlightened DespotEnlightened Despot Cruel DictatorCruel Dictator

The Age of Napoleon (1799-1814)

The Age of Napoleon (1799-1814)

DICTATORENLIGHTENED

e Bank of France (1800)

e Civil Code (1804)e Concordat of 1801e Amnesty for

émigrése Disillusioned

Revolutionaries recruited as prefects, mayors & gov’t ministers

e Lycée system of schools

e Efficient tax system (no exemptions)

e Use of propagandae No real electionse Women lost rights e Trade unions bannede Civil liberties reduced e Censorship

newspapers closede Secret police (Fouché)e Subversive citizens

detained w/o triale Armies viewed as

invaders not liberators

The Downfall of Napoleon: The Downfall of Napoleon: a 1806-7 Napoleon puts the

Continental System into effect

a 1808 Napoleon puts brother Joseph on Spanish throne; begins the Peninsular War (a.k.a. “The Spanish Ulcer”)

a June 1812 Napoleon invades Russia with 600,00 men

a Fall-Winter 1812 Napoleon makes disastrous retreat from Russia

a 1806-7 Napoleon puts the Continental System into effect

a 1808 Napoleon puts brother Joseph on Spanish throne; begins the Peninsular War (a.k.a. “The Spanish Ulcer”)

a June 1812 Napoleon invades Russia with 600,00 men

a Fall-Winter 1812 Napoleon makes disastrous retreat from Russia

The Downfall of Napoleon (cont.):

The Downfall of Napoleon (cont.): a March 1814 Russia, Prussia, Austria &

Britain form the Quadruple Alliance to defeat France.

a April 1814 Napoleon abdicates and is exiled to Elba

a Feb. - June, 1815 Napoleon escapes from Elba & rules France for 100 days.

a June 18, 1815 Napoleon is defeated at the Battle of Waterloo

a 1815 - 21 Napoleon exiled to St. Helena where he dies

a March 1814 Russia, Prussia, Austria & Britain form the Quadruple Alliance to defeat France.

a April 1814 Napoleon abdicates and is exiled to Elba

a Feb. - June, 1815 Napoleon escapes from Elba & rules France for 100 days.

a June 18, 1815 Napoleon is defeated at the Battle of Waterloo

a 1815 - 21 Napoleon exiled to St. Helena where he dies

The Continental System The Continental System

“Third of May, 1808” by Goya (1810)

“Third of May, 1808” by Goya (1810)

Napoleon’s Retreat from Moscow

Napoleon’s Retreat from Moscow

100,000 French troops retreat—40,000 survive!100,000 French troops retreat—40,000 survive!

Napoleon in Exile on ElbaNapoleon in Exile on Elba

“The War of the 7th Coalition”

“The War of the 7th Coalition”

Britain, Russia. Prussia, Austria, Sweden, smaller

German states

France 1815: Napoleon’s“100 Days”

e Napoléon escaped Elba and landed in France on March 1, 1815 the beginning of his 100 Days.

e Marie Louise & his son were in the hands of the Austrians.

e Napoléon escaped Elba and landed in France on March 1, 1815 the beginning of his 100 Days.

e Marie Louise & his son were in the hands of the Austrians.

Napoleon’s Defeat at Waterloo

(June 18, 1815)

Napoleon’s Defeat at Waterloo

(June 18, 1815)

Dukeof

Wellington

Dukeof

Wellington

Prussian General Blücher

Prussian General Blücher

Napoleon on His Way

to HisFinal Exile

onSt. Helena

Napoleon on His Way

to HisFinal Exile

onSt. Helena

Napoleon’s Residence on St. Helena

Napoleon’s Residence on St. Helena