EUROPE REVIEWMIDDLE AGES TO THE

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Name the Renaissance writer best known for

writing sonnets.

Shakespeare

Northern Renaissance:

England

Who wrote the 95

Theses?

Church door in Wittenburg

Martin Luther

Luther lived in the northern German states of the Holy

Roman Empire

Why did Martin Luther write the 95

Theses?

A list of 95 statements

criticizing the Catholic Church

The church door where Martin Luther nailed the 95 Theses in Wittenburg,

Germany

Who wrote the

Declaration of Independence

?

Which Enlightenmen

t thinker influenced it

the most?

Thomas Jefferso

n

John Locke

What did communism and

socialism attempt to

correct?

Correct the bad conditions and

unequal incomes of the Industrial

Revolution

What two groups did Marx say are

always in conflict?

The Proletariat (the worker) and the Bourgeoisie (the wealthy factory

owner).

A proletariat ready to revolt

What were the effects of the Black Death?

•Killed 1/3 of the population,

•forced farmers to diversify crops,

•peasants revolted, •working class moved to the cities,

•feudal lords lost power.

What led to the decline of medieval times/ the

middle ages?

The plague, 100 years war & rise

of trade & commerce in

towns

What was Martin Luther’s

Justification by Faith about?

A person could be made good or just, simply by having

faith in God’s mercy and love.

How does one become

excommunicated?

A formal exclusion (removal) from participating in the Church ex: Martin Luther was excommunicated after the 95 Theses because it spoke ill of the Catholic Church.

What did Henry VIII do to religion in

England?

The Catholic Church would not allow Henry to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon. Outraged he put religion in England under

control of the monarchy. This allowed him to start the

protestant reformation. He was able to get a divorce so

he could marry again in hopes of Anne Boleyn

birthing a son to take his throne.

What is absolutism? Give an example of an

absolutist

a political system in which a monarchy holds supreme & unlimited power.Ex) Louis XIV, the

Sun King

What is divine right?

a political theory when a ruler gets

his/ her power directly from God (chosen by God to

rule).

What is Isaac Newton known for?

The 3 Laws of Motion, especially

the gravitation.

What is the Enclosure Movement?

Wealthy landowners fenced

in common pastures &

experimented with new technology,

like crop rotation.

Define Alchemist

A scientist that experimented with the

earliest forms of chemistry.

Explain the 3 Estates the existed

in France before the French Revolution

FIRST ESTATE: Is made up of the clergy and only represents 1/2% of the total population. They control 65% of the land in France, making them the wealthiest estate.

SECOND ESTATE: The Second Estate is made up of the nobility in France. They represent about 1-2% of the population and they control over 25% of the land.

THIRD ESTATE: Make up 98% of the population, It is a diverse group of peasants, farmers, working class and middle class. Even though this group is large in population they only own 10% of the land in

France. They are also burdened with heavy taxes.

What did Napoleon try to improve when he

became the leader of France?

1. The education of all French children.2. A stronger banking system & taxation for all. 3. Law: The Napoleonic Code4.The Catholic Church was reinstated as the Church of France.

What did the 3rd Estate do on May 5, 1789?

They walked out of the Estates General Meeting

& created their own National Assembly from the writing of the Tennis

Court Oath.

What happened at the Bastille Prison?

The 3rd Estate marched to the prison to demonstrate their disgust the monarchy and

Louis XVI was forced to give up throne. This event is

considered to be the start of the French Revolution.

Define Feudalism

A medieval political, economic and social system in which monarchs and lesser nobles

made alliances based on exchanging land grants for

loyalty. Peasants worked the land in exchange for food and shelter and knights protected the lands for the nobles and

monarch.